For the development of all‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries (LMBs), a high‐porous silica aerogel (SA)‐reinforced single‐Li+ conducting nanocomposite polymer electrolyte (NPE) is prepared via ...two‐step selective functionalization. The mesoporous SA is introduced as a mechanical framework for NPE as well as a channel for fast lithium cation migration. Two types of monomers containing weak‐binding imide anions and Li+ cations are synthesized and used to prepare NPEs, where these monomers are grafted in SA to produce SA‐based NPEs (SANPEs) as ionomer‐in‐framework. This hybrid SANPE exhibits high ionic conductivities (≈10−3 S cm−1), high modulus (≈105 Pa), high lithium transference number (0.84), and wide electrochemical window (>4.8 V). The resultant SANPE in the lithium symmetric cell possesses long‐term cyclic stability without short‐circuiting over 800 h under 0.2 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the LiFePO4|SANPE|Li solid‐state batteries present a high discharge capacity of 167 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, good rate capability up to 1 C, wide operating temperatures (from −10 to 40 °C), and a stable cycling performance with 97% capacity retention and 100% coulombic efficiency after 75 cycles at 1 C and 25 °C. The SANPE demonstrates a new design principle for solid‐state electrolytes, allowing for a perfect complex between inorganic silica and organic polymer, for high‐energy‐density LMBs.
High‐porous silica aeogel (SA)‐reinforced single‐Li+ conducting nanocomposite polymer electrolyte (NPE) is prepared using a series of single‐Li+ monomers (LiA, LiMTFSI, and LiSTFSI). The SA‐integrated single‐lithium conducting NPEs (SANPEs) exhibit high ionic conductivity, high lithium transference number, and a wide electrochemical window. Furthermore, the SANPE‐based lithium metal battery (LMB) shows the capability of suppressing Li dendrite growth.
In this study, alginate-encapsulated biosorbents have been prepared from agricultural wastes viz. peanut shells and rice husks. Biosorbents in this study were referred as En-PS and En-RH for the ...adsorbents prepared from peanut shells and rice husks, respectively. The characteristics of the adsorbents were thoroughly investigated using scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, surface area analyzer, and Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer instruments. The prepared biosorbents were used as adsorbents for cationic methylene blue (MB) dye in water. The encapsulation process using sodium alginate simplified the separation of adsorbent from the water after the adsorption process. The adsorptions of MB onto both adsorbents followed the pseudo-second order model and fitted both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption of MB onto En-PS and En-RH was a spontaneous and endothermic process with the ΔG° reaction of -1.694 and -2.028 kJ/mol at the room temperature, respectively. Biosorbents could be used in the adsorption-desorption process for up to 3 cycles.
Taking advantage of the triboelectrification effect and electrostatic induction, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) provide a simple and efficient path to convert environmental mechanical energy ...into electric energy. Since the generation of surface charges and their density on triboelectric materials are the key factors in determining TENG performance, many efforts have been undertaken to engineer the structures and chemistry of triboelectric materials. Among others, dielectric control of triboelectric materials is an emerging approach because the dielectric constant is intimately correlated with the capacitance of materials. In this regard, we prepared porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composites decorated with Au nanoparticles (NPs), which was designed to engineer the compressibility and dielectric constant of PDMS elastomer. To this end, a polydopamine layer was synthesized on the PDMS surface to facilitate the homogeneous deposition of Au NPs. Unlike untreated PDMS sponges, Au NPs were efficiently coated onto polydopamine-treated PDMS sponges to increase the dielectric constant. When the resulting porous NP-PDMS composites were assembled into TENG devices, the electrical output of the TENGs initially improved but decreased with the amount of Au NPs. This trade-off relationship has been discussed in terms of charge generation on the air surface and pores of NP-PDMS composites based on a recent experimental model.
Polydopamine was utilized an adhesive interface for the uniform coating of Au nanoparticles in the pores of polydimethylsiloxane to enhance the output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators.
Computational linguistics is concerned with understanding language from a computational perspective and constructing artifacts that are useful in processing and generating language. In the use of ...language, whether human language or programming language, there can be an error that makes the language not understood properly. One of the errors that often occurs is syntax error. In language, a syntax error is a mistake in using a language that involves organizing words and phrases that do not make sense. While in programming, a syntax error is an error in writing code in a program that makes the format or information unrecognizable by the computer system. Such errors are the simplest of errors but can affect many aspects of the final code output. This article aims to show how writing errors or typos in programming code can affect some or all of the results. The data obtained is data from web programming code that is used to make the website display the Geographic Information System Clustering the Distribution of Stunting Disease in Banggai Regency with K-Means, and also the R programming code used to calculate the stunting distribution using K-Means. The results of this article will show that a typo, even just a letter or any single punctuation, can affect the program’s final result.
Having cognitive competence in mastering learning theory and designing learning is one of the important competencies for prospective teachers to have. The description of prospective teacher ...competence is important for lectures to follow up. One approach to learning in mathematics is Realistic Mathematic Education (RME). RME is a student-centered approach to learning mathematics adopted from the Netherlands and holds to the principle that mathematics is a human activity. This learning approach has been implemented massively in the last few decades in Indonesia and has had a positive impact so this approach is important to teach. However, there are still many prospective elementary teachers who do not know and understand what and how to implement RME itself. Because of the importance of the cognitive competence that prospective elementary teachers must have regarding this RME approach, further research is needed on this matter. The aim of this study is to describe how the cognitive abilities of prospective elementary teachers on RME approach with the application of cooperative learning. The method used in this study was descriptive qualitative with observation and survey data collection techniques which were analyzed using cognitive levels according to PISA and Anderson on 50 prospective elementary teachers in Yogyakarta State University or in Bahasa Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY) 4th semester students. The results of this study were that most students had a fairly good theoretical understanding of RME. Although to apply it in learning mathematics requires more training, especially in designing contextual problems and how to evaluate them with various other approaches in learning mathematics.
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