Epidemiological studies in high-incidence areas of esophageal cancer in China suggest that environmental carcinogen N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA) and riboflavin (RBF) deficiency may be the main ...risk factors for esophageal cancer. However, it is not clear that the combination induces cancer. Here, experiment (Exp) 1 evaluated the effects of NMBA and RBF deficiency individually or in combination on esophageal tumorigenesis. Male F344 rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups into a 2 (no NMBA
NMBA) × 2 (normal RBF
RBF-deficient) factorial design, including normal RBF (6 mg/kg, R
), RBF-deficient (0 mg/kg, R
), normal RBF combined with NMBA (R
N), and RBF-deficient combined with NMBA (R
N) groups. The Exp 2 explored the effects of RBF deficiency at different doses combined with NMBA (0.6 mg/kg, R
N; 0.06 mg/kg, R
N) on esophageal tumorigenesis. Results showed that R
N enhanced the incidence of esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN, 53.3%,
= 0.06), including carcinoma
, whereas R
N mainly induced the occurrence of esophageal benign hyperplasia (38.9%) and EIN (16.7%). RBF deficiency promotes EIN in a dose-dependent manner, and R
N significantly increases the incidence of EIN (57.9%,
< 0.05). Gene expression profiling demonstrated that inflammatory cytokines were highly expressed in R
N EIN tissues, whereas R
N EIN tissues had a proliferation and differentiation gene signature (fold-change > 1.5). Furthermore, RBF deficiency aggravated oxidative DNA damage (8-OHdG) and double-strand breaks (γH2AX) (
< 0.05). Our results suggest that RBF deficiency causes chronic inflammation-associated genomic instability contributes to NMBA-induced esophageal tumorigenesis.
Monolayer MoS
, among many other transition metal dichalcogenides, holds great promise for future applications in nanoelectronics and optoelectronics due to its ultrathin nature, flexibility, sizable ...band gap, and unique spin-valley coupled physics. However, careful study of these properties at low temperature has been hindered by an inability to achieve low-temperature Ohmic contacts to monolayer MoS
, particularly at low carrier densities. In this work, we report a new contact scheme that utilizes cobalt (Co) with a monolayer of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) that has the following two functions: modifies the work function of Co and acts as a tunneling barrier. We measure a flat-band Schottky barrier of 16 meV, which makes thin tunnel barriers upon doping the channels, and thus achieve low-T contact resistance of 3 kΩ.μm at a carrier density of 5.3 × 10
/cm
. This further allows us to observe Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in monolayer MoS
at much lower carrier densities compared to previous work.
Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) participates in every stage of cancer progression and promotes invasion and metastasis. In this study, we identified a novel alternative splicing isoform of LOXL2, namely ...LOXL2 DELTAe13, which lacked exon 13. Deletion of exon 13 caused an open reading frame shift and produced a truncated protein. LOXL2 DELTAe13 was expressed ubiquitously in cell lines and tissues and was mainly localized to the cytoplasm. Although it showed impaired deamination enzymatic activity compared with full-length LOXL2, LOXL2 DELTAe13 promoted the cell mobility and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells to greater degrees. In further research on the mechanisms, gene expression profiling and signaling pathway analysis revealed that LOXL2 DELTAe13 induced the expression of MAPK8 without affecting the FAK, AKT, and ERK signaling pathways. RNAi-mediated knockdown of MAPK8 could block the cell migration promoted by LOXL2De13, but it had little effect on that of full-length LOXL2. Our data suggest that LOXL2 DELTAe13 modulates the effects of cancer cell migration and invasion through a different mechanism from that of full-length LOXL2 and that it may play a very important role in tumor carcinogenesis and progression.
Magnetic NiFe
O
nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized cellulose composite (m-NiFe
O
/MWCNTs@cellulose) as a magnetic bioadsorbent was prepared and used for effectively ...removing Congo Red (CR) from aqueous solution. The chemical and physical properties of the prepared m-NiFe
O
/MWCNTs@cellulose were characterized by XRD, TGA, FT-IR, VSM, SEM and TEM. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the adsorption capacity and mechanisms. Effects of different adsorption parameters such as initial CR concentration, adsorbent dosage and temperature were studied. Results demonstrated that m-NiFe
O
/MWCNTs@cellulose had high adsorption capacity for CR from aqueous solution. The obtained experimental data fitted well with the pseudo-second-order equation and followed the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 95.70 mg g
for CR. The m-NiFe
O
/MWCNTs@cellulose with rapid magnetic separation and high adsorption capacity can be a promising and recyclable engineering biomaterials for purification and treatment of practical wastewater.
Esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) is an aggressive malignancy with poor therapeutic outcomes. However, the alterations in proteins and post-translational modifications (PTMs) leading to the ...pathogenesis of ESCC remains unclear. Here, we provide the comprehensive characterization of the proteome, phosphorylome, lysine acetylome and succinylome for ESCC and matched control cells using quantitative proteomic approach. We identify abnormal protein and post-translational modification (PTM) pathways, including significantly downregulated lysine succinylation sites in cancer cells. Focusing on hyposuccinylation, we reveal that this altered PTM was enriched on enzymes of metabolic pathways inextricably linked with cancer metabolism. Importantly, ESCC malignant behaviors such as cell migration are inhibited once the level of succinylation was restored
or
This effect was further verified by mutations to disrupt succinylation sites in candidate proteins. Meanwhile, we found that succinylation has a negative regulatory effect on histone methylation to promote cancer migration. Finally, hyposuccinylation is confirmed in primary ESCC specimens. Our findings together demonstrate that lysine succinylation may alter ESCC metabolism and migration, providing new insights into the functional significance of PTM in cancer biology.
Two closely related thermophilic bacterial strains, designated YIM 71031
T
and YIM 71039, were isolated from a hot spring in Tengchong county, Yunnan province, south-western China. The novel isolates ...were observed to be Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and yellow-pigmented bacteria. The strains were found to be able to grow at 37–65 °C, pH 6.0–9.0 and with a NaCl tolerance up to 1.0 % (w/v). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed these two isolates in the genus
Meiothermus
. They were found to be closely related to
Meiothermus timidus
DSM 17022
T
(98.6 % similarity), and formed a cluster with this species. The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-8 and the major fatty acids (>10 %) as anteiso-C
15:0
, iso-C
15:0
, anteiso-C
17:0
, iso-C
16:0
and C
16:0
. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains YIM 71031
T
and YIM 71039 were determined to be 64.0 and 65.4 mol%, respectively. DNA–DNA hybridizations showed low values between strains YIM 71031
T
and YIM 71039 and their closely related neighbour
M. timidus
DSM 17022
T
. Morphological phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results suggest that strains YIM 71031
T
and YIM 71039 are representatives of a new species within the genus
Meiothermus
, for which the name
Meiothermus
roseus
sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 71031
T
(=KCTC 42495
T
=NBRC 110900
T
).
YIM 77501
is an aerobic, Gram-positive, spore-forming and cellulose degrading thermophilic actinomycete isolated from a sandy soil sample of a volcano. Its growth temperature range is 28-60°C. The ...genomic sequence of this strain revealed that there are 27 cellulase genes belonging to six glycoside hydrolase families. To understand the strategy that this strain uses to utilize carbon sources such as cellulose at different temperatures, comparative transcriptomics analysis of
YIM 77501
was performed by growing it with cellulose (CMC) and without cellulose (replaced with glucose) at 30, 40, and 50°C, respectively. Transcriptomic analyses showed four cellulase genes (
, and
) were up-regulated at 30, 40, and 50°C. The rate of gene expression of
, and
were 50°C > 30°C > 40°C. One cellulase gene (
) and two cellulase genes (
and
) were up-regulated only at 30 and 50°C, respectively. These up-regulated cellulase genes were cloned and expressed in
. The enzymatic properties of up-regulated cellulases showed a variety of responses to temperature. Special up-regulated cellulases
and
displayed temperature acclimation for each growth condition. These expression patterns revealed that a hybrid strategy was used by
to utilize carbon sources at different temperatures. This study provides genomic, transcriptomics, and experimental data useful for understanding how microorganisms respond to environmental changes and their application in enhancing cellulose hydrolysis for animal feed and bioenergy production.
To search for potential biomarkers used to monitor the process of immortalization, we investigated the relative level of telomerase activity and other immortal phenotypes in the SHEE esophageal ...epithelial cell line. This human fetal esophageal epithelial cell line, induced by human papilloma virus (HPV) 18 E6E7, was continually propagated over 100 passages. Fourteenth passage cells (SHEE14) were cultured in a flask with a serum-free medium and continually cultured to the 30th passage (SHEE30). Cells of SHEE14, SHEE20 and SHEE30 were examined according to cell morphology, cell cycle, apoptosis, contact-inhibition growth, anchorage- dependency, dose-dependency to epithelial growth factors (EGF), telomerase activity and tumorigenicity. The SHEE14 cells exhibited good differentiation with contact-inhibition and anchorage-dependent growth. The SHEE20 cells exhibited increase of senescent and apoptotic cells, and difficulty in propagation. The SHEE30 cells exhibited a higher proliferative index and some undifferentiated cells, with weakened contact-inhibition and anchorage-dependent growth. The telomerase was activated in cells of SHEE30, but not in SHEE14 and SHEE20 cells. The different response to dose-dependency to EGF was not statistically different in SHEE14 and SHEE30. Three groups of cells displayed lack of tumor formation in nude mice. Compared with SHEE14 and SHEE20, SHEE30 cells were of immortalized status with immortal phenotype, which consisted of telomerase activity, increase of cell proliferation, weakened contact-inhibition and anchorage-dependent growth, dose dependency to EGF and lack of tumor formation. From passage 14 to 30th passage, SHEE cells went through cellular senescence, apoptosis and immortalization. With a view toward diagnostic and biological aspects, telomerase activity is a crucial step and a cardinal requirement for immortalization. The telomerase activity and other immortal phenotypes are potential markers for monitoring the process of immortalization.
