A novel Gram-stain positive, aerobic, non-motile, spore-forming actinobacterium, designated YIM 75926
T
, was isolated from a soil sample collected at soil forest in Yuanmo county of Yunnan province, ...south-west China. Its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the novel strain YIM 75926
T
belongs to the genus
Pseudonocardia
and was closely related to
Pseudonocardia
halophobica
DSM 43089
T
(98.1% similarity). Strain YIM 75926
T
had MK-8 (H
4
) as the predominant menaquinone. The whole organism hydrolysates mainly consisted of
meso
-diaminopimelic acid, mannose, glucose, galactose and arabinose. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C
16:0
(37.16%) and C
16:0
(12.43%). The DNA G+C content of strain YIM 75926
T
was 70.6 mol%. The resultant phylogenetic trees further showed that strain YIM 75926
T
belong to
Pseudonocardia
and had a distinct subclade within the evolutionary radiation of the genus
Pseudonocardia
. On the basis of its comparative analysis of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, it is proposed that strain YIM 75926
T
represent a novel species of the genus
Pseudonocardia
, named
Pseudonocardia
yuanmoensis
sp. nov. The type strain is YIM 75926
T
(=CCTCC AA 2011017
T
= JCM 18055
T
).
A xylanase gene (TrXyn10) from Thermoactinospora rubra YIM 77501
was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The amino acid sequence displayed 78% homology with Microbispora mesophila xylanase ...(WP_062413927.1). The recombinant xylanase (TrXyn10), with MW 46.1 kDa, could hydrolyse beechwood, birchwood and oatspelt xylan. Based on the sequence, enzymatic properties and tertiary structure of the protein, TrXyn10 belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10). The optimal pH and temperature for the recombinant enzyme were determined to be 7.0 and 55 °C, respectively. TrXyn10 was stable over a wide pH range, and it retained more than 45% of the total activity at pH 6.0-12.0 for 12 h. In addition, the activity was greatly promoted, by approximately 200% of the initial activity, after incubation at pH 6.0 and 7.0 for 12 h. Based on enzymatic properties and product analysis, we showed that TrXyn10 is a neutral endoxylanase.
In this study, polyimide fibers at different stages of imidization were characterized by TGA, DSC, and FTIR. The imidization degree （ID） calculated by TGA was based on the weight loss of each sample, ...which was caused by the imidization of residual amic acid groups. The results of TGA showed good regularity with the thermal treatment temperature of the PI fibers. For DSC, the ID was calculated based on the area of endothermal peak of each sample. Compared with TGA, DSC showed a relatively higher value because the endothermal peak was reduced by the exothermic re-formation of polyamic acid which may be partially degraded during thermal treatment. The IDs obtained by the FTIR spectra generally showed poorer regularities than those obtained by both TGA and DSC, especially for the results calculated using the 730 cm^-1 band. Based on the 1350 cm^-1 band, the obtained IDs showed better agreement with the TGA or DSC results. The results obtained by these three methods were compared and analyzed. The ID obtained by TGA showed much more reliability among these three methods.
Summary
Thousands of hot springs are located in the north‐eastern part of the
Y
unnan–
T
ibet geothermal zone, which is one of the most active geothermal areas in the world. However, a comprehensive ...and detailed understanding of microbial diversity in these hot springs is still lacking. In this study, bacterial and archaeal diversities were investigated in 16 hot springs (
pH
3.2–8.6; temperature 47–96°
C
) in
Y
unnan
P
rovince and
T
ibet,
C
hina by using a barcoded 16
S rRNA
gene‐pyrosequencing approach.
A
quificae
,
P
roteobacteria
,
F
irmicutes
,
D
einococcus‐
T
hermus
and
B
acteroidetes
comprised the large portion of the bacterial communities in acidic hot springs. Non‐acidic hot springs harboured more and variable bacterial phyla than acidic springs.
D
esulfurococcales
and unclassified
C
renarchaeota
were the dominated groups in archaeal populations from most of the non‐acidic hot springs; whereas, the archaeal community structure in acidic hot springs was simpler and characterized by
S
ulfolobales
and
T
hermoplasmata
. The phylogenetic analyses showed that
A
quificae
and
C
renarchaeota
were predominant in the investigated springs and possessed many phylogenetic lineages that have never been detected in other hot springs in the world. Thus findings from this study significantly improve our understanding of microbial diversity in terrestrial hot springs.
In built-in self-test design for VLSI, test pattern generator should satisfy some multi-targets, such as test length, fault coverage and test consumption, etc. A one-dimension hybrid cellular ...automata (CA) is used as the core of test pattern generator, with an optimization of its rules based on multi-objectives evolution algorithm. A certain rule which selected from the optimized rule set is adopted to form the weighted cellular automata, by the using of verilog HDL. Experiment results was obtained by simulation of some ISCAS’8n built-in self-test design for VLSI, test pattern generator should satisfy some multi-targets, such as test le5 benchmark circuits, and indicated that the test length was reduced obviously (at a ratio above 60%), without losing fault coverage (within a discrepancy of 3%); moreover, the power consumption would be decreased correspondingly.
The aim of this study was to explore the histogenesis and carcinogenesis of pulmonary cancer induced by N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) in mice. NPIP is a form of N-nitrosamine found in tobacco smoke, ...which has been shown to be a genotoxic chemical as well as a mutagenic compound for inducing chromosome aberrations and severe clastogenicity. In this study, 80 BALB/C strain mice were injected with 0.2 mmol/kg NPIP intraperitoneally for 8 weeks, and experiments were conducted for a further 16 weeks. For the control group, 40 mice were injected with an equal volume of 0.9% NaCl. Pulmonary tissues and tumors in the NPIP-treated group were examined by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy and compared with the control group at 4-week intervals. The mRNA levels of p53 (mutant), bcl-2, c-myc, ras, and subunits of telomerase telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and an RNA component, TR were assayed by mPCR or RT-PCR. Twenty-two mice in the experimental group were found to develop pulmonary tumors, but none in the control group. All tumors found in the experimental group originated from alveolar type II epithelial cells. In addition, 6 of the 22 mice also developed tumors of bronchogenic origin. The expression of p53, bcl-2, c-myc, ras, and the subunits of telomerase were found to increase in all pulmonary tissues and tumors formed thereafter upon NPIP treatment. In summary, NPIP-induced mouse lung tumors exhibited morphological changes during carcinogenesis, which may be the consequence of overexpression of some genes associated with the development of carcinoma and changes in subunits of telomerase. This mouse model of lung tumor formation may be a useful tool to delineate the histogenesis and carcinogenesis of human pulmonary cancer.
The aim of this study was to explore the histogenesis and carcinogenesis of pulmonary cancer induced by N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) in mice. NPIP is a form of N-nitrosamine found in tobacco smoke, ...which has been shown to be a genotoxic chemical as well as a mutagenic compound for inducing chromosome aberrations and severe clastogenicity. In this study, 80 BALB/C strain mice were injected with 0.2 mmol/kg NPIP intraperitoneally for 8 weeks, and experiments were conducted for a further 16 weeks. For the control group, 40 mice were injected with an equal volume of 0.9% NaCl. Pulmonary tissues and tumors in the NPIP-treated group were examined by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy and compared with the control group at 4-week intervals. The mRNA levels of p53 (mutant), bcl-2, c-myc, ras, and subunits of telomerase - telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and an RNA component, TR - were assayed by mPCR or RT-PCR. Twenty-two mice in the experimental group were found to develop pulmonary tumors, but none in the control group. All tumors found in the experimental group originated from alveolar type II epithelial cells. In addition, 6 of the 22 mice also developed tumors of bronchogenic origin. The expression of p53, bcl-2, c-myc, ras, and the subunits of telomerase were found to increase in all pulmonary tissues and tumors formed thereafter upon NPIP treatment. In summary, NPIP-induced mouse lung tumors exhibited morphological changes during carcinogenesis, which may be the consequence of overexpression of some genes associated with the development of carcinoma and changes in subunits of telomerase. This mouse model of lung tumor formation may be a useful tool to delineate the histogenesis and carcinogenesis of human pulmonary cancer.
FW523-3, a new lipopeptide compound, was recently isolated and purified from the culture broth of a marine Micromonospora chalcea. FW523-3 was shown to inhibit the proliferation of certain cancer ...cells. However, the spectra and the underlying mechanism of its antitumor activity are unclear. In this study, the MTT and colony formation assays were employed to determine the antitumor spectra of FW523-3 and its effect on cell proliferation, respectively. Apoptosis was analyzed using DNA laddering assay and flow cytometry and the involved pathways were explored by Western blotting. Results revealed that FW523-3 exhibited cytotoxicity in a panel of tumor cell lines including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells (EC109), lung cancer cells (A549 and 95D), gastric cancer cells (SGC7901), uterine cervix cancer cells (HeLa) and hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2). Based on these results, FW523-3 inhibited the colony formation ability of tumor cells. Moreover, FW523-3 induced apoptosis via activation of caspases 9, 7 and 3. FW523-3 also blocked the ERK and p38 signaling pathways. Taken together, we propose that FW523-3 acts as a broad-spectrum antitumor drug. FW523-3 inhibits tumor cell growth and induces tumor cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial and MAPK pathways.
Thermus amyloliquefaciens type strain YIM 77409(T) is a thermophilic, Gram-negative, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium isolated from Niujie Hot Spring in Eryuan County, Yunnan Province, southwest ...China. In the present study we describe the features of strain YIM 77409(T) together with its genome sequence and annotation. The genome is 2,160,855 bp long and consists of 6 scaffolds with 67.4 % average GC content. A total of 2,313 genes were predicted, comprising 2,257 protein-coding and 56 RNA genes. The genome is predicted to encode a complete glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and tricarboxylic acid cycle. Additionally, a large number of transporters and enzymes for heterotrophy highlight the broad heterotrophic lifestyle of this organism. A denitrification gene cluster included genes predicted to encode enzymes for the sequential reduction of nitrate to nitrous oxide, consistent with the incomplete denitrification phenotype of this strain.
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