Electrical performance of bonding wire is critical to the reliability of electrical interconnection systems of chip-level packaging for high frequency operation. In this paper, the electrical ...performance of various bonding wires between chips and packages is presented. The impact of the length, spacing, height and diameter between the bonding wires was carefully examined. In order to investigate the impacts of bonding wire configuration parameters on signal transmission performance, a design of experiment (DOE) was set up. Based on data of DOE, two parameter equations were obtained to express the Radio Frequency characterization of bonding wires. From these equations, the optimized geometric structure parameters were obtained by optimization design. Compared with the previously reported geometric structure, the optimized geometric structure has better electrical performance, making the return loss and coupling decrease 3dB and more than 10 dB, respectively.
The authors report on two patients who underwent radiosurgery for torsion spasm and evaluate the efficiency of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) as an alternative treatment. The first patient was a ...33-year-old woman with severe right-sided lower-limb torsion dystonia. The second patient was a 20-year-old man with right-sided upper-limb torsion dystonia. The target was located at the anterior portion of the ventrolateral nucleus. The maximum doses were 150 Gy and 145 Gy, respectively. Double isocenters with a 4-mm collimator were used. Follow up lasted for 18 months and 8 months, respectively. Both patients had excellent clinical improvement 2 to 3 months after GKS, respectively. The authors believe that GKS may be a safe and efficient treatment for torsion spasm.
Database-based web page Dan-xi, Liang; Gang, Liu; En-min, Li ...
Wuhan University journal of natural sciences,
3/2001, Volume:
6, Issue:
1-2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
TP311.132; Database-based web page which uses IIS4.0 + ASP + ADO + SQL7.0 isbriefly introduced. It has been successfully used in E-commerce , bulletin board system and chat room, and so on in the web ...site of Computer Center Hudong Campus, Tong ji University.
Spatial variability of the infiltration index was studied with autocorrelation function and semivariogram at a 102m×52m plot with 97 test points. The results show that the soil properties imbued with ...spatial variation structure, but not perfect for random variation, there exist spatial correlation phenomenon in a limited range and have certain direction. The spatial structure of the infiltration index is characterized by the spherical semivariogram model. The Kriging interpolation technique is used for the spatial estimation of infiltration index.
Ras has achieved notoriety as an oncogene aberrantly activated in multiple human tumors. Approximately 30% of all human tumors express an oncogenic form of this GTPase that is locked in an active ...conformation as a result of being insensitive to Ras GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), proteins that normally regulate the inactivation of Ras by enhancing its intrinsic GTPase activity. Besides oncogenic mutations in Ras, signaling by wild-type Ras is also frequently deregulated in tumors through aberrant coupling to activated cell surface receptors. This indicates that alternative mechanisms of aberrant wild-type Ras activation may be involved in tumorigenesis. Here, we describe another mechanism through which aberrant Ras activation is achieved in human cancers. We have established that Ras GTPase-activating-like protein (RASAL), a Ca
2+
-regulated Ras GAP that decodes the frequency of Ca
2+
oscillations, is silenced through CpG methylation in multiple tumors. With the finding that ectopic expression of catalytically active RASAL leads to growth inhibition of these tumor cells by Ras inactivation, we have provided evidence that epigenetically silencing of this Ras GAP represents a mechanism of aberrant Ras activation in certain cancers. Our demonstration that RASAL constitutes a tumor suppressor gene has therefore further emphasized the importance of Ca
2+
in the regulation of Ras signaling and has established that deregulation of this pathway is an important step in Ras-mediated tumorigenesis.
Ras has achieved notoriety as an oncogene aberrantly activated in multiple human tumors. Approximately 30% of all human tumors express an oncogenic form of this GTPase that is locked in an active ...conformation as a result of being insensitive to Ras GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), proteins that normally regulate the inactivation of Ras by enhancing its intrinsic GTPase activity. Besides oncogenic mutations in Ras, signaling by wild-type Ras is also frequently deregulated in tumors through aberrant coupling to activated cell surface receptors. This indicates that alternative mechanisms of aberrant wild-type Ras activation may be involved in tumorigenesis. Here, we describe another mechanism through which aberrant Ras activation is achieved in human cancers. We have established that Ras GTPase-activating-like protein (RASAL), a Ca super(2+)-regulated Ras GAP that decodes the frequency of Ca super(2+) oscillations, is silenced through CpG methylation in multiple tumors. With the finding that ectopic expression of catalytically active RASAL leads to growth inhibition of these tumor cells by Ras inactivation, we have provided evidence that epigenetically silencing of this Ras GAP represents a mechanism of aberrant Ras activation in certain cancers. Our demonstration that RASAL constitutes a tumor suppressor gene has therefore further emphasized the importance of Ca super(2+) in the regulation of Ras signaling and has established that deregulation of this pathway is an important step in Ras-mediated tumorigenesis.
Background Fluid therapy for severe acute pancreatitis （SAP） should not only resolve deficiency of blood volume, but also prevent fluid sequestration in acute response stage. Up to date, there has ...not a strategy for fluid therapy dedicated to SAP. So, this study was aimed to investigate the effects of fluid therapy treatment on prognosis of SAP. Methods Seventy-six patients were admitted prospectively according to the criteria within 72 hours of SAP onset. They were randomly assigned to a rapid fluid expansion group （Group I, n=36） and a controlled fluid expansion group （Group II n=-40）. Hemodynamic disorders were either quickly （fluid infusion rate was 10-15 ml.kg-1-h-1, Group I） or gradually improved （fluid infusion rate was 5-10 ml-kg1.h-1, Group II） through controlling the rate of fluid infusion. Parameters of fluid expansion, blood lactate concentration were obtained when meeting the criteria for fluid expansion. And APACHE II scores were obtained serially for 72 hours. Rate of mechanical ventilation, incidence of abdominal compartment syndrome （ACS）, sepsis, and survival rate were obtained. Results The two groups had statistically different （P 〈0.05） time intervals to meet fluid expansion criteria （Group I, 13.5±6.6 hours; Group II, （24.0±5.4） hours）. Blood lactate concentrations were both remarkably lower as compared to the level upon admission （P 〈0.05） and reached the normal level in both groups upon treatment. It was only at day 1 that hematocrit was significantly lower in Group I （35.6%±6.8%） than in Group II （38.5%±5.4%） （P〈0.01）. Amount of crystalloid and colloid in group I （（4028±1980）ml and （1336±816）ml） on admission day was more than those of group II （（2472±1871）ml and （970±633）ml）. No significant difference was found in the total amount of fluids within four days of admission between the two groups （P〉0.05）. Total amount of fluid sequestration within 4 days was higher in Group I （（5378±2751）ml） than in Group II （（4215±1998）ml, P 〈0.05）. APACHE II scores were higher in Group I on days 1, 2, and 3 （P〈0.05）. Rate of mechanical ventilation was higher in group I （94.4%） than in group II （65%, P〈0.05）. The incidences of abdominal compartment syndrome （ACS） and sepsis were significantly lower in Group II （P 〈0.05）. Survival rate was remarkably lower in Group I （69.4%） than in Group II （90%, P〈0.05）. Conclusions Controlled fluid resuscitation offers better prognosis in patients with severe volume deficit within 72 hours of SAP onset. Chin Med J 2009; 122（2）： 169-173
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