As a major component of the LAMOST Galactic surveys, the LAMOST Spectroscopic Survey of the Galactic Anticentre (LSS-GAC) aims to survey a significant volume of the Galactic thin/thick discs and halo ...for a contiguous sky area of over 3400 deg2 centred on the Galactic anticentre (|b| ≤ 30°, 150 ≤ l ≤ 210°), and obtain λλ3700–9000 low-resolution (R ∼ 1800) spectra for a statistically complete sample of ∼3 M stars of all colours down to a limiting magnitude of r ∼ 17.8 mag (to 18.5 mag for limited fields). Together with Gaia, the LSS-GAC will yield a unique data set to advance our understanding of the structure and assemblage history of the Galaxy, in particular its disc(s). In addition to the main survey, the LSS-GAC will also target hundreds of thousands objects in the vicinity fields of M 31 and M 33 and survey a significant fraction (over a million) of randomly selected very bright stars (r ≤ 14 mag) in the Northern hemisphere. During the Pilot and the first year Regular Surveys of LAMOST, a total of 1042 586 750 867 spectra of a signal-to-noise ratio S/N(7450 Å) ≥ 10 S/N(4650 Å) ≥ 10 have been collected. In this paper, we present a detailed description of the target selection algorithm, survey design, observations and the first data release of value-added catalogues (including radial velocities, effective temperatures, surface gravities, metallicities, values of interstellar extinction, distances, proper motions and orbital parameters) of the LSS-GAC.
Abstract
We present the second release of value-added catalogues of the LAMOST Spectroscopic Survey of the Galactic Anticentre (LSS-GAC DR2). The catalogues present values of radial velocity Vr, ...atmospheric parameters – effective temperature Teff, surface gravity log g, metallicity Fe/H, α-element to iron (metal) abundance ratio α/Fe (α/M), elemental abundances C/H and N/H and absolute magnitudes MV and $M_{K_{\rm s}}$ deduced from 1.8 million spectra of 1.4 million unique stars targeted by the LSS-GAC since 2011 September until 2014 June. The catalogues also give values of interstellar reddening, distance and orbital parameters determined with a variety of techniques, as well as proper motions and multiband photometry from the far-UV to the mid-IR collected from the literature and various surveys. Accuracies of radial velocities reach 5 km s−1 for the late-type stars, and those of distance estimates range between 10 and 30 per cent, depending on the spectral signal-to-noise ratios. Precisions of Fe/H, C/H and N/H estimates reach 0.1 dex, and those of α/Fe and α/M reach 0.05 dex. The large number of stars, the contiguous sky coverage, the simple yet non-trivial target selection function and the robust estimates of stellar radial velocities and atmospheric parameters, distances and elemental abundances make the catalogues a valuable data set to study the structure and evolution of the Galaxy, especially the solar-neighbourhood and the outer disc.
Bismuthene on a SiC substrate Reis, F.; Li, G.; Dudy, L. ...
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
07/2017, Volume:
357, Issue:
6348
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Quantum spin Hall materials hold the promise of revolutionary devices with dissipationless spin currents but have required cryogenic temperatures owing to small energy gaps. Here we show ...theoretically that a room-temperature regime with a large energy gap may be achievable within a paradigm that exploits the atomic spin-orbit coupling. The concept is based on a substrate-supported monolayer of a high–atomic number element and is experimentally realized as a bismuth honeycomb lattice on top of the insulating silicon carbide substrate SiC(0001). Using scanning tunneling spectroscopy, we detect a gap of ~0.8 electron volt and conductive edge states consistent with theory. Our combined theoretical and experimental results demonstrate a concept for a quantum spin Hall wide-gap scenario, where the chemical potential resides in the global system gap, ensuring robust edge conductance.
We introduce the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) stellar parameter pipeline at Peking University – lsp3, developed and implemented for the determinations of radial ...velocity V
r and stellar atmospheric parameters (effective temperature T
eff, surface gravity log g, metallicity Fe/H) for the LAMOST Spectroscopic Survey of the Galactic Anticentre (LSS-GAC). We describe the algorithms of lsp3 and examine the accuracy of parameters yielded by it. The precision and accuracy of parameters yielded are investigated by comparing results of multi-epoch observations and of candidate members of open and globular clusters, with photometric calibration, as well as with independent determinations available from a number of external data bases, including the PASTEL archive, the APOGEE, SDSS and RAVE surveys, as well as those released in the LAMOST DR1. The uncertainties of lsp3 parameters are characterized and quantified as a function of the spectral signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and stellar atmospheric parameters. We conclude that the current implementation of lsp3 has achieved an accuracy of 5.0 km s−1, 150 K, 0.25 dex, 0.15 dex for the radial velocity, effective temperature, surface gravity and metallicity, respectively, for LSS-GAC spectra of FGK stars of SNRs per pixel higher than 10. The lsp3 has been applied to over a million LSS-GAC spectra collected hitherto. Stellar parameters yielded by the lsp3 will be released to the general public following the data policy of LAMOST, together with estimates of the interstellar extinction E(B − V) and stellar distances, deduced by combining spectroscopic and multiband photometric measurements using a variety of techniques.
Advanced LIGO's discovery of gravitational-wave events is stimulating extensive studies on the origin of binary black holes. Assuming that the gravitational-wave events can be explained by binary ...primordial black hole mergers, we utilize the upper limits on the stochastic gravitational-wave background given by Advanced LIGO as a new observational window to independently constrain the abundance of primordial black holes in dark matter. We show that Advanced LIGO's first observation run gives the best constraint on the primordial black hole abundance in the mass range 1M_{⊙}≲M_{PBH}≲100M_{⊙}, pushing the previous microlensing and dwarf galaxy dynamics constraints tighter by 1 order of magnitude. Moreover, we discuss the possibility to detect the stochastic gravitational-wave background from primordial black holes, in particular from subsolar mass primordial black holes, by Advanced LIGO in the near future.
We present X-ray timing results of the new black hole candidate MAXI J1535−571 during its 2017 outburst from Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (Insight-HXMT) observations taken from 2017 September 6 to ...23. Following the definitions given by Belloni, we find that the source exhibits transitions from the low/hard state to the hard intermediate state, and eventually to the soft intermediate state. Quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) are found in the intermediate states, which suggest different types of QPOs. With the large effective area of Insight-HXMT at high energies, we are able to present the energy dependence of the QPO amplitude and centroid frequency up to 100 keV, which has rarely been explored by previous satellites. We also find that the phase lag at the type-C QPOs centroid frequency is negative (soft lag) and strongly correlated with the centroid frequency. Assuming a geometrical origin of type-C QPOs, the source is consistent with being a high-inclination system.
Nearly a third of U.S. patents rely directly on federal research
Innovation increasingly relies on scientific knowledge (
1
,
2
). Research to generate that knowledge has historically been funded by ...both industry and government. Although industry and government research spending was relatively equal in 1980 in the United States, by 2010 their shares had shifted to 60% and 30%, respectively (
3
). Yet, despite this increase in industrial spending, firms appear to be pursuing—or at least publishing—less basic science (
4
). If corporations are doing less basic research, then where do they find the ideas to fuel their innovation? Here, we detail individual bibliometric linkages across tens of millions of documents and quantify the broad sweep and impact of U.S. federally supported research on patented innovation over most of the past century. We illustrate how patentees, both U.S. and non-U.S., and corporations in particular, increasingly depend upon federally supported research as a source of scientific knowledge. Although multiple mechanisms interact and contribute to the trend, federal research increasingly appears to fuel the innovation that ultimately leads to jobs, industrial competitiveness, and entrepreneurial success.
Background and purpose
The identification of reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for Parkinson's disease (PD) is urgently needed. Here, we explored the potential use of α‐synuclein (α‐syn) ...in plasma neuronal exosomes as a biomarker for early PD diagnosis and disease progression.
Methods
This study included both cross‐sectional and longitudinal designs. The subjects included 36 patients with early‐stage PD, 17 patients with advanced PD, 20 patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and 21 healthy controls (HCs). α‐syn levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. A subgroup of patients with early‐stage PD (n = 18) participated in a follow‐up examination with repeated blood collection and clinical assessments after an average of 22 months.
Results
The α‐syn levels in plasma neuronal exosomes were significantly higher in patients with early‐stage PD compared with HCs (P = 0.007). Differences in α‐syn levels between patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and HCs did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.08). In addition, Spearman correlation analysis revealed that neuronal exosomal α‐syn concentrations were correlated with Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III/(I + II + III) scores, Non‐Motor Symptom Questionnaire scores and Sniffin' Sticks 16‐item test scores of patients with PD (P < 0.05). After a mean follow‐up of 22 months in patients with early‐stage PD, a Cox regression analysis adjusted for age and gender showed that longitudinally increased α‐syn rather than baseline α‐syn levels were associated with higher risk for motor symptom progression in PD (P = 0.039).
Conclusions
Our results suggested that α‐syn in plasma neuronal exosomes may serve as a biomarker to aid early diagnosis of PD and also as a prognostic marker for PD progression.
The commercial conductive carbon black (CCB) with large surface area and good electrical conductivity after activation treatment is employed as conductive matrix to support sulfur for the cathode of ...lithium/sulfur battery. The S/activated CCB composites with 64 and 73 wt% sulfur are prepared by a simple heat treatment method. The microstructure and morphology of the as-prepared S/activated CCB composites are characterized by thermogravimetry (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is demonstrated that sulfur can be loaded into the pores of the host activated CCB matrix in highly dispersed state, when sulfur loading is limited to 64 wt%. While the loaded sulfur increases to 73 wt%, some crystalline sulfur nanoparticles of less than 2 nm can be observed near the pores of the host activated CCB matrix. As expected, the S/activated CCB composite with 64 wt % sulfur presents the optimized electrochemical performance, including the utilization of active sulfur, discharge capacity and cycle stability. Apparently, in order to improve the electrochemical performance of the S/activated CCB composite, the activation treatment of the commercial CCB is essential for increasing the sulfur loading.
•The commercial CCB is activated with KOH as matrix to load sulfur as cathode for Li/S battery.•After activation treatment, the surface area and pore volume of the CCB are increased.•The S/A-CCB composite with 64 wt% S presents the optimized electrochemical performance.
Reprogrammed metabolism is one of the hallmarks of cancer. The dysregulation of glycolysis in cancer has been heavily studied. However, it remains largely unclear how other metabolic processes are ...regulated in cancer cells. Here we show that microRNA-182 (miR-182) suppresses pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) kinase 4 (PDK4) and promotes lung tumorigenesis. miR-182 is dysregulated and inversely correlated with PDK4 in human lung adenocarcinomas. The miR-182-PDK4 axis regulates lung cancer cell growth by modulating the activity of PDH, the gatekeeping enzyme of pyruvate flux into acetyl-CoA, and subsequently de novo lipogenesis of cancer cells. Suppression of lipogenesis by silencing ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) and fatty acid synthase (FASN) or by chemical inhibitors diminishes the effects of miR-182-PDK4 in tumor growth. Alteration of de novo lipogenesis also affects reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the downstream JNK signaling pathway. Hence, our work suggests that the miR-182-PDK4 axis is a crucial regulator of cancer cell metabolism and a potential target for antitumor therapy.
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