•Macroscopic magneto-mechanical coupling tests in open circuit are carried out.•Demagnetization correction is applied to the strip tensile sample.•Effects of tensile stress on basic magnetization ...characteristics are investigated.•A magneto-mechanical coupling model for anhysterestic magnetization is proposed.
The magneto-mechanical coupling effect of ferromagnetic materials is the result of macroscopic influence of mechanical properties on magnetic properties under the combined action of stress field and applied magnetic field, which essentially can be attributed to the change of material properties caused by the transformation of microscopic magnetic domain structures. The effect of applied magnetic field is mainly manifested as the change of magnetic moment cluster (direction and size) inside microscopic magnetic domain; The stress field mainly causes the movement and rotation of the domain walls inside the ferromagnetic material, and further causes the change of magnetic moment cluster. Taking Q235 low carbon steel as an example, the effects of tensile stress σt on some important magnetic parameters of ferromagnetic materials under different excitation intensities (i.e., H0), such as the maximum value of applied magnetic field Hmax, intrinsic coercive field Hcj, hysteresis loss power per unit volume ph and anhysteretic magnetization Man, were obtained by setting macroscopic magneto-mechanical coupling test and fully considering the influence of demagnetizing field Hd (The standard ring specimen was used for demagnetization correction of the non-standard strip specimen). Meanwhile, the basic magnetization characteristics of ferromagnetic materials were discussed by introducing the basic magnetization curve F(H0, Ban) and considering the effect of σt as the equivalent stress field Hσ based on the theory of microscopic magnetic domain and the principle of thermodynamic. In the range of 635.4 A/m ≤ H0 ≤ 928.6 A/m and 0 MPa ≤ σt ≤ 350 MPa, the theoretical calculation models Man(H0, σt) and Hσ(H0, σt) in the magneto-mechanical coupling effect were obtained, which are in good agreement with the experimental results.
To explore the co-effects of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance (IR) on hypertension in a large Asian population. Data on demographic characteristics, blood pressure and ...other variables were collected; additionally, fasting plasma glucose, insulin and biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) and angiotensin II were examined among 2553 Mongolian adults aged ≥ 20 years. IR was assessed using the homeostasis model. The co-effects of elevated biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction and IR on hypertension were analyzed. A total of 953 subjects were diagnosed with hypertension. Among hypertensive subjects, the levels of CRP (11.0 vs. 6.7 mg l(-1)), sICAM-1 (348.3 vs. 335.9 ng ml(-1)), sE-selectin (20.9 vs. 18.5 ng ml(-1)) and angiotensin II (61.3 vs. 50.0 pg ml(-1)) were significantly higher among subjects with IR than those without IR; among normotensives, levels of CRP (6.3 vs. 5.2 mg l(-1)) and sE-selectin (20.1 vs. 17.8 ng ml(-1)) were higher among IR subjects than those without IR. The prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher among subjects with IR and 2 elevated biomarkers (69.0%) and those with IR and ≥ 3 elevated biomarkers (79.3%) than among those with IR and no elevated biomarkers (45.9%) and those with IR and 1 elevated biomarker (50.6%). After adjusting for multivariate, the risk of hypertension was significantly associated with the coexistence of IR and any two or three elevated biomarkers (odds ratios (OR) (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) = 2.55 (1.60-4.06) and 3.19 (1.15-8.86), respectively). In this Mongolian population, IR and elevated biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction were related to hypertension and the coexistence of IR and elevated biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction increased the risk of hypertension.
Microbes are known to influence insect-plant interactions; however, it is unclear if host-plant diet influences the regulation of nutritional insect symbioses. The pea aphid,
, requires its ...nutritional endosymbiont,
, for the production of essential amino acids. We hypothesize that key aphid genes that regulate the nutritional symbioses respond to host-plant diet when aphids feed on a specialized (alfalfa) compared to a universal host-plant diet (fava), which vary in amino acid profiles. Using RNA-Seq and whole genome bisulfite sequencing, we measured gene expression and DNA methylation profiles for such genes when aphids fed on either their specialized or universal host-plant diets. Our results reveal that when aphids feed on their specialized host-plant they significantly up-regulate and/or hypo-methylate key aphid genes in bacteriocytes related to the amino acid metabolism, including glutamine synthetase in the GOGAT cycle that recycles ammonia into glutamine and the glutamine transporter
Moreover, regardless of what host-plant aphids feed on we observed significant up-regulation and differential methylation of key genes involved in the amino acid metabolism and the glycine/serine metabolism, a metabolic program observed in proliferating cancer cells potentially to combat oxidative stress. Based on our results, we suggest that this regulatory response of key symbiosis genes in bacteriocytes allows aphids to feed on a suboptimal host-plant that they specialize on.
Thymidine phosphorylase (TPase) plays a vital role in the biosynthesis of nucleosides and their analogs which have tremendous potential in antiviral and anticancer therapies. In this study, genome ...shuffling was applied to develop new strains of Lactobacillus brevis with an enhanced production of TPase. The parent organisms were mutated using ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and were shuffled by recursive pool-wise protoplast fusion. The parent protoplasts of each cycle were inactivated by UV irritation for 50 min or by heating at 60°C for 60 min. A rapid and efficient pre-screening method for determining L. brevis fusants with increased TPase production was established by adding appropriate concentrations of substrate thymidine and potassium phosphate to the culture broth based on significant differences in the absorption spectra of substrate thymidine and its product, thymine, in alkaline solution at 290 nm. Strains F3-19 and F3-36 showed high TPase activity and favorable hereditary stability and were screened out through three rounds of recursive protoplast fusion. The increase in the TPase activity of F3-19 and F3-36 was 252.6 and 260.5%, respectively, in comparison with the wild type.
To reduce the current ripples of finite control set model predictive control, this paper proposes a continuous voltage vector model-free predictive current control method for the surface mounted ...permanent magnet synchronous motor (SMPMSM). In the proposed method, the continuous phase and the amplitude of the voltage vector are optimized in a sequence based on their uncoupling feature, and then the steady-state current fluctuation can be reduced. Only six active voltage vectors are enumerated, and the optimal phase is obtained by establishing the Lagrange interpolation polynomial between the cost function and the phase of voltage vectors. Then, the amplitude of the voltage vector with the optimal phase is optimized based on the principle of minimizing the cost function, and the optimal voltage vector is synthesized by a three-vector method. In addition, the ultra-local model of the SMPMSM drive system from the previous study is used to improve the robustness of the proposed method. The current dynamic and steady-state responses are demonstrated through the simulation and experimental results.
According to historical mean ocean current data through the field observations of the Taiwan Ocean Research Institute during 1991–2005 and survey data of nutrients on the continental shelf of the ...East China Sea (ECS) in the summer of 2006, nutrient fluxes from the Taiwan Strait and Kuroshio subsurface waters are estimated using a grid interpolation method, which both are the sources of the Taiwan Warm Current. The nutrient fluxes of the two water masses are also compared. The results show that phosphate (PO
4
-P), silicate (SiO
3
-Si) and nitrate (NO
3
-N) fluxes to the ECS continental shelf from the Kuroshio upwelling water are slightly higher than those from the Taiwan Strait water in the summer of 2006. In contrast, owing to its lower velocity, the nutrient flux density (i.e., nutrient fluxes divided by the area of the specific section) of the Kuroshio subsurface water is lower than that of the Taiwan Strait water. In addition, the Taiwan Warm Current deep water, which is mainly constituted by the Kuroshio subsurface water, might directly reach the areas of high-frequency harmful alga blooms in the ECS.
Oxygen-storage materials CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3 (CZA), with alumina contents 10, 25, 50, 75 and 90 wt%, respectively, were prepared by the co-precipitation method. To compare our results with those of ...CeO2-ZrO2 (CZ), the prepared materials were characterized by Brunauer-Emmet Teller method (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) and oxygen pulsing technique (OSC). The XRD and Raman results show that all samples (except sample with 90 wt% alumina) can keep the single CeO2 cubic fluorite structure after calcination at 873 and 1273 K for 5 h, respectively. Compared with the fresh samples, the particle sizes of aged samples increase, but no phase separation occurs. According to the results of BET and OSC, after calcination at 1273 K, alumina doped can make this system materials maintain higher specific surface area (114.5 m2 g-1) and larger pore volume (0.36 ml g-1) without losing characteristics of CeO2. As Al2O3 contents increase, the ratio of utilizable cerium also increases, indicating that the OSC of CZA is more stable than that of CZ. In this work, the prepared CZA materials are highly dispersed composite solid solutions. After calcination at 1273 K, those compounds can still keep the structural and textural stability, and simultaneously hold excellent OSC and stable redox property.
Issue Title: Focal Theme: Rupture Processes of Crustal Rocks and Earthquake Mechanism Widespread dike swarm, including diorite-, monzonite-porphyry and lamprophyre, intruded in the altered breccia ...gold deposits along basin marginal faults, Guocheng, Jiaodong Peninsula. Petrography exhibits biotite enclaves in amphibole phenocrysts and the presence of acicular apatites in these dikes. Electron probe microanalyses (EPMA) show that the amphibole and clinopyroxene phenocryst's mantle in diorite porphyry and lamprophyre respectively has sharply higher MgO (Mg#) and Cr2O3 contents in contrast to their cores. The plagioclase phenocryst in monzonite porphyry has reverse zoning. These results indicate that the magma mixing between mantle-derived mafic and crust-derived felsic magmas occurred in the original process of the dikes. Zircon cathodoluminescence (CL) images show well-developed magmatic oscillatory zones and the acquired LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb weighted mean 206Pb/238U ages are 114±2 Ma (MSDW=1.5) for monzonite porphyry (GS1) and 116±1 Ma (MSDW=0.8) for diorite porphyry (GS2), respectively. Earlier magmatic events in the northwest Jiaodong Peninsula represented by some inherited or captured zircons also occur in these dikes. Magmatic zircons from GS1 and GS2 display consistent chondrite-normalized REE patterns and Nb/Ta values, implying that they may share a similar or same source. HREE enrichment and obvious negative Eu anomalies of these zircons preclude garnet presented in their source. Our results, combined with preciously published data, indicate that dike intrusion and gold mineralization among quartz vein, altered tectonite and altered breccia gold deposits are broadly contemporaneous throughout the Jiaodong Peninsula. These also imply that the intensive crust-mantle interaction and asthenospheric underplating had occurred in the Early Cretaceous in the Peninsula, together with foundering of lower crust in the early Mesozoic, representing the different stages of lithosphere thinning in the North China Craton (NNC). PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is one of the most important and best-studied maize pests, yet little information is available regarding the basic relationships ...among its phenotypic traits, particularly those that reflect the overall fitness of this successful invader in Europe and North America. Such information is critical for studies on the invasiveness, behavioural ecology, and management of this pest. Phenotypic traits that change over the lifetime of the beetle were investigated (e.g., fresh body weight) as they can indicate changes in adult physiology or fitness of D. v. virgifera. Phenotypic traits that remain stable over the beetle's lifetime were also investigated (e.g., pronotum width, head capsule width, hind tibia length), as they most likely allow detection of genetic differences between populations. Furthermore, phenotypic traits were investigated that may best predict fecundity (e.g., fresh body weight, elytra width) and life span (e.g., elytra length), as these two factors influence the population growth of this highly invasive species. Finally, regression equations are provided for the age-specific oviposition and survival of the long-living D. v. virgifera adults, which may allow researchers to reduce the duration of their bioassays without losing information.
Replication of genome-wide significant association SNPs in independent populations is an essential approach for identifying gene-disease relationships. Therefore, we sought to investigate the top 21 ...SNPs (rs10507454, rs11897156, rs11897991, rs12325203, rs12541835, rs13395322, rs1525035, rs16936892, rs17010027, rs17045859, rs17136827, rs1866525, rs2045590, rs4547758, rs4655688, rs7107438, rs761353, rs8127139, rs9312305, rs9407874 and rs9865108) from a genome-wide association study of essential hypertension in Mongolians. This was a community-based case-control study involving 428 hypertensives and 638 normotensives from Kerqinzuoyihou Banner,Tongliao, Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, China. Genotyping was conducted with Sequenom MassArray (®) SNP detection technology. Overall, there were no significant differences in the genotype distributions and allele frequencies between the cases and controls. There was a significant difference between the allele frequencies at locus rs17010027 in cases (high systolic blood pressure) and controls in female (p = .036). There were significant differences in the distribution of genotypes and the allele frequencies at locus rs10507454 between cases (high diastolic blood pressure) and controls (p = .019 and p = .022, respectively) especially in male (p = .009 and p = .011, respectively). rs17010027 is associated with high systolic blood pressure in female, and rs10507454 is associated with high diastolic blood pressure especially in male of this Mongolian population.
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