Gouty panniculitis: A case series Negbenebor, Nicole A.; Hess, Aubrey Allen; DiMarco, Christopher ...
JAAD Case Reports,
11/2021, Volume:
17
Journal Article
A high order method for measuring urea concentrations in milk and milk powder was developed. The method can be applied to certify the concentration of urea in some new milk and milk powder CRMs. This ...high accurate method for analysis of milk is valuable given the inherent challenges associated with the complexity of the sample matrix. A measurement procedure based on gas chromatography/isotope dilution mass spectrometry (GC/IDMS) was developed. Samples were pre-treated with acetonitrile to remove proteins and the method was applied to determine urea concentrations in milk and milk powder. Excellent precision was obtained, with within- and between-set coefficients of variation of 0.15–0.46 and 0.18–0.65%, respectively. The measurement uncertainty is evaluated. The method can trace to mass.
Growth hormone receptor (GHR) can activate several signaling pathways after binding to growth hormone (GH) to regulate cell growth and development. Sex-linked dwarf (SLD) chickens, normal protein ...functions are prevented because of exon mutations in the
gene, have more severe fat deposition. However, the specific molecular mechanisms responsible for this phenotype remains unclear. We therefore investigated the effect of the
gene on adipogenic differentiation of chicken bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). We found that bone marrow fat deposition was more severe in SLD chickens compared to normal chickens, and the expression of genes related to adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in SLD chicken BMSCs. We also detected enhanced mitochondrial function of BMSCs in SLD chickens.
, overexpression of
in chicken BMSCs increased mitochondrial membrane potential but decreased reactive oxygen and ATP contents, oxidative phosphorylation complex enzyme activity, and mitochondrial number. Expression of genes associated with mitochondrial biogenesis and function was repressed during adipogenic differentiation in chicken BMSCs, the adipogenic differentiation capacity of chicken BMSCs was also repressed. With knockdown of
, opposite results were observed. We concluded that
inhibited adipogenic differentiation of chicken BMSCs by suppressing mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial function.
AlGaN/GaN based heterostructures have attracted significant research interests in recent years for sensing very small scale displacement utlizing their unique piezoelectric properties. AlGaN/GaN ...heterojunction based Field Effect Transisitors (HFETs), when embedded at the base of a GaN cantilever, can be utilized to transduce a very small displacement with much higher Gauge Factor (GF) than their Si counterparts, by using the piezoelectric polarization induced change in two dimensional electron gas density at the heterojunction interface 12. Specifically, detection of femtometer level of photoacoustic signal was demonstrated using these ultra-sensitive piezotransistive microcantilevers 3. In this work, we have investigated the plasmonic effects of Au nanoparticles to dramatically enhance the magnitude of photoacoustic waves generated, which can have very significant impact on chemical and bio-analyte detection.
The reproducibility of conventional two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis can be improved using differential in-gel electrophoresis (DIGE), a new emerging technology for proteomic analysis. In ...DIGE, two pools of proteins are labeled with 1-(5-carboxypentyl)-1'-propylindocarbocyanine halide (Cy3) N-hydroxy-succinimidyl ester and 1-(5-carboxypentyl)-1'-methylindodi-carbocyanine halide (Cy5) N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester fluorescent dyes, respectively. The labeled proteins are mixed and separated in the same 2D gel. 2D DIGE was applied to quantify the differences in protein expression between laser capture microdissection-procured esophageal carcinoma cells and normal epithelial cells and to define cancer-specific and normal-specific protein markers. Analysis of the 2D images from protein lysates of approximately 250,000 cancer cells and normal cells identified 1038 protein spots in cancer cell lysates and 1088 protein spots in normal cell lysates. Of the detected proteins, 58 spots were up-regulated by >3-fold and 107 were down-regulated by >3-fold in cancer cells. In addition to previously identified down-regulated protein annexin I, tumor rejection antigen (gp96) was found up-regulated in esophageal squamous cell cancer. Global quantification of protein expression between laser capture-microdissected patient-matched cancer cells and normal cells using 2D DIGE in combination with mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for the molecular characterization of cancer progression and identification of cancer-specific protein markers.
The honey bee (
Apis mellifera
) is the most important managed pollinator to sustainable agriculture and our ecosystem. Yet managed honey bee colonies in the United States experience 30–40% losses ...annually. Among the many biotic stressors, the parasitic mite
Varroa destructor
is considered one of the main causes of colony losses. Bees’ mite-biting behavior has been selected as a
Varroa
-tolerant or
Varroa
-resistant trait in the state of Indiana for more than a decade. A survey of damaged mites from the bottom of a colony can be used as an extended phenotype to evaluate the mite-biting behavior of a colony. In this study, on average, 37% of mites sampled from the breeding stocks of 59 colonies of mite biters in Indiana were damaged or mutilated, which is significantly higher than the 19% of damaged mites found in commercial colonies in the southern United States. Indiana mite biter colonies had a higher proportion of damaged mites, although among the damaged mites, the number of missing legs was not significantly higher. In addition, the morphology of pollen-forager worker bee mandibles was compared by X-ray microcomputed tomography for six parameters in two populations, and a difference was detected in one parameter. Our results provide scientific evidence that potentially explains the defensive mechanism against
Varroa
mites: structural changes in the worker bee mandibles.
Methylesterase family member 16 (MES16) is an integral component of chlorophyll breakdown. It catalyzes the demethylation of fluorescent chlorophyll catabolite (FCC) and pheophorbide in vitro, and ...specifically demethylates FCC in vivo. Here we report the crystal structure of MES16 from Arabidopsis thaliana at 2.8 Å resolution. The structure confirm that MES16 is a member of the α/β-hydrolase superfamily with Ser-87, His-239, and Asp-211 as the catalytic triad. Our biochemical studies reveal that MES16 has esterase activity with methyl-indole acetic acid as the substrate, and the catalytically essential role of Ser-87 has been demonstrated.
•MES16 is a member of the α/β-hydrolase superfamily.•The cap domain of MES16 is differs from its homologues.•MES16 shows hydrolase activity to MeIAA.•Ser-87, His-239, Asp-211 are the catalytic triad and Ser-87 is essential for MES16' esterase activity.
Exosomes are membrane-derived vesicles and play a critical role in cell signaling by transferring RNAs and proteins to target cells through fusion with the cell membrane. Long non-coding RNA-small ...nucleolar RNA host gene 9 (lncRNA-SNHG9) was proven to be an important element in lncRNA–mRNA interaction networks during adipocyte differentiation, suggesting its potential involvement in the development of obesity, an important risk factor of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular endothelial dysfunction. However, the role of lncRNA-SNHG9 within the exosome in endothelial dysfunction of obese patients is largely unknown. In this study, we proved that adipocytes-derived exosomal SNHG9 were downregulated in obese persons and further decreased in obese individuals with endothelial dysfunction. Functional experimentations demonstrated that adipocytes-derived exosomal SNHG9 alleviated inflammation and apoptosis in endothelial cells. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that there was a potential interaction between SNHG9 and the TNF receptor type 1-associated death domain protein (TRADD) mRNA. Then, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation assay based on Ago2 antibody and ribonuclease protection assay demonstrated that exosomal SNHG9 directly bound to a specific region in TRADD mRNA sequence and formed an RNA dimeric inducible silencing complex. Moreover, knockdown of TRADD markedly inhibited inflammation and apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), whereas overexpression of TRADD dramatically neutralized the protective effect of exosomal SNHG9 on epithelial dysfunction. Therefore, SNHG9 could prevent endothelial dysfunction in obese patients by suppressing inflammation and apoptosis, indicating that SNHG9 may be a potential therapeutic target for obese patients with endothelial dysfunction.
White grubs are largely unsolved problems in vegetable and tuber production in East Africa. Novel Rwandan as well as international entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) were screened in nine laboratory ...bioassays and two small-scale field trials in 2014 and 2015. Soil-based laboratory bioassays revealed that all EPNs were able to infect
Anomala graueri
larvae (Coleoptera: Scarabeidae), although a relatively high number of infective juveniles were needed. Rwandan EPNs were as infectious as their corresponding international strains. At 100 infective juveniles per larva, the
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora
strains (Rwanda14-N-C4a and international H06) as well as the international
Steinernema carpocapsae
All caused 18 to 22% grub mortality within 7 days compared to the control. At 1000 infective juveniles, both
H. bacteriophora
strains as well as the Rwandan
S. carpocapsae
RW14-G-R3a-2 killed 34 up to 58%. The Rwandan
Steinernema
RW14-M-C2a-3 least performed in the bioassays (2 to 6%). In two Irish potato fields, the into-soil-applied 1 × 10
9
infective juvenile
Steinernema
RW14-M-C2b-1 per hectare reduced 29 ± 33% and 96 ± 3% of grubs within 30 and 60 days, respectively. About 1 up to 2.5 × 10
9
infective juvenile
Steinernema longicaudum
X7 per hectare reduced 77 up to 85% of grubs until day 30, respectively, and 82 up to 95% until day 60. Avermectin + Chlorpyrifos tuber coatings reduced 39% of grubs, and Fipronil + Chlorpyrifos reduced 27%, whereas handpicking did not help much. In conclusion, at least
Steinernema
RW14-M-C2b-1 and
S. longicaudum
X7 are promising for managing white grubs in tuber production, this is at a rate of at least 1.5 × 10
9
EPNs per hectare, but
H. bacteriophora
RW14-N-C4a needs further field research. Findings will support the biocontrol product development in Rwanda, including registration if any would be needed for native macrobial biocontrol agents.
The tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) regulate matrix metalloproteinase activity required for cell migration/invasion associated with cancer progression and angiogenesis. TIMPs also ...modulate cell proliferation in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo independent of their matrix metalloproteinase inhibitory activity. Here, we show that TIMP-2 mediates G1 growth arrest in human endothelial cells through de novo synthesis of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1. TIMP-2-mediated inhibition of Cdk4 and Cdk2 activity is associated with increased binding of p27Kip1 to these complexes in vivo. Protein-tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors or expression of a dominant negative Shp-1 mutant ablates TIMP-2 induction of p27Kip1. Finally, angiogenic responses to fibroblast growth factor-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A in “motheaten viable” Shp-1-deficient mice are resistant to TIMP-2 inhibition, demonstrating that Shp-1 is an important negative regulator of angiogenesis in vivo.
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