Summary
Cold stress severely affects plant growth and yield. C‐repeat binding factors (CBFs) play important roles in the response to cold stress. In the present study, we identified an R2R3‐MYB ...transcription factor (TF) MdMYB23 from apple (Malus × domestic) using transcriptome analyses, which was notably induced in response to cold stress. Transgenic apple calli and Arabidopsis with overexpression of MdMYB23 exhibited increased cold tolerance. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and transient expression assays indicated that MdMYB23 directly bound to the promoters of MdCBF1 and MdCBF2 and activated their expression. MdMYB23 interacted with the promoter of MdANR, a key modulator of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis, and activated its expression to promote proanthocyanidin accumulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. MdBT2 was identified as an MdMYB23‐interacting protein using yeast two‐hybrid (Y2H), pull‐down, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays. MdBT2 repressed cold tolerance and proanthocyanidin accumulation by promoting the degradation of MdMYB23 protein. Our findings shed light on the functions of MYB TFs and underlying mechanism in the modulation of plant cold tolerance.
Significance Statement
An apple R2R3‐MYB TF MdMYB23 increases cold tolerance and proanthocyanidin accumulation by directly activating the expression of MdCBF1/2 and MdANR. MdBT2 represses cold tolerance and proanthocyanidin accumulation by promoting the degradation of MdMYB23 protein.
A double-functionalization reaction of alkenes through Mn(OAc)3-mediated phosphinoyl radical addition followed by CuCN-catalyzed cyanation is introduced. This one-pot reaction is performed under ...mild conditions to afford vicinal cyanophosphinoylation products.
This article is devoted to solving the event-triggered stabilization problem of a new type of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy complex-valued memristive neural networks with mixed time-varying delays. By ...introducing an event-triggered scheme with static and dynamic event-triggered conditions, the fuzzy event-triggered controller is designed. After combining the inequality technique with the Lyapunov function approach, some easily verified sufficient conditions are established to ensure stabilization of the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy complex-valued memristive neural networks with mixed time-varying delays under the proposed event-triggered scheme. In addition, since the inter-event time with the proposed event-triggered scheme is deduced to exist a nonzero positive lower bound, Zeno behavior is not going to happen. Finally, the effectiveness of results is verified by a numerical example.
Enterocutaneous fistulas(ECFs) are great challenges during the open abdomen. The loss of digestive juice, water-electrolyte imbalance and malnutrition are intractable issues during management of ECF. ...Techniques such as 'fistula patch' and vacuumassisted closure therapy have been applied to prevent contamination of open abdominal wounds by intestinal fistula drainage. However, failures are encountered due to high-output fistula and anatomical complexity. Here, we report 3 D-printed patient-personalized fistula stent for ECF treatment based on 3 D reconstruction of the fistula image. Subsequent follow-up demonstrated that this stent was well-implanted and effective to reduce the volume of enteric fistula effluent.
Fu brick tea (FBT) is a microbial-fermented tea, which is produced by the solid-state fermentation of tea leaves. Previous studies have proved that FBT aqueous extracts could attenuate obesity and ...gut microbiota dysbiosis. However, the bioactive components in FBT that contribute to these activities remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of FBT polyphenols (FBTPs) on obesity, gut microbiota, and gut microbiota-related intestinal oxidative stress and barrier function and to further investigate whether the antiobesity effect of FBTPs was dependent on the alteration of gut microbiota. The results showed that FBTP supplementation effectively attenuated obesity in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. FBTP supplementation improved the intestinal oxidative stress and intestinal barrier function, including intestinal inflammation and the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Furthermore, FBTP intervention significantly attenuated HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, characterized by increased phylogenetic diversity and decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Certain core microbes, including Akkermansia muciniphila, Alloprevotella, Bacteroides, and Faecalibaculum, were also found to be improved by FBTPs. Moreover, the antiobesity effect of FBTPs was gut microbiota-dependent, as demonstrated by a fecal microbiota transplantation experiment. Collectively, we concluded that FBTPs reduced obesity by modulating the gut microbiota and gut microbiota-related intestinal oxidative stress and barrier function. Therefore, FBTPs may be used as prebiotic agents to treat obesity and gut microbiota dysbiosis in obese individuals.
CD73 (ecto-5'-nucleotidase) is implicated in the development of many types of cancer. CD73 inhibitors are currently being tested in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. Understanding the ...molecular and cellular actions of CD73 inhibitors is the key to improving this line of therapy.
Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of CD73 and miR-30a-5p; Western blot and immunohistochemical assays were used to investigate the levels of CD73 and other proteins. Flow cytometry was used to determine cell cycle stage and apoptosis. CCK-8 and clonogenic assays were used to investigate cell proliferation. Wound healing, migration and invasion assays were used to investigate the motility of cells. A lung carcinoma xenograft mouse model was used to investigate the in vivo effects of CD73 and miR-30a-5p.
In the present study, we found that CD73 is overexpressed and miR-30a-5p is underexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer tissues compared with adjacent noncancerous. Further, we showed that CD73 is a direct target of miR-30a-5p by luciferase reporter assays, qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. We also found that overexpression of miR-30a-5p in these non-small cell lung cancer cell lines inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal phenotype was suppressed and cell migration and invasion were inhibited; these effects were brought about via the EGF signaling pathway.
Our findings reveal a new post-transcriptional mechanism of CD73 regulation via miR-30a-5p and EGFR-related drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer.
cis‐Linked cyclotetraphenylene dimer 2c‐CTPE and trimer 3c‐CTPE were synthesized via Pt‐mediated cyclization of cis‐diboronated tetraphenylethene. The structure of 2c‐CTPE has been confirmed by ...single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The strain energy of 2c‐CTPE and 3c‐CTPE was calculated to be 86.28 ⋅ kJ mol−1 and 9.23 kJ ⋅ mol−1, respectively. 2c‐CTPE and 3c‐CTPE are typical AIEgens and show mechanofluorochromic properties. The comparisons of cis‐linked cyclotetraphenylenes with gem‐linked cyclotetraphenylenes were also discussed.
Two cis‐connected cyclic tetraphenylethylenes, 2c‐CTPE and 3c‐CTPE, were synthesized by platinum‐mediated cyclization. The strain energy of 2c‐CTPE is up to 86.28 kJ ⋅ mol−1. 2c‐CTPE and 3c‐CTPE demonstrates typical Aggregation‐Induced Emission (AIE) characteristics. Moreover, both 2c‐CTPE and 3c‐CTPE display mechanofluorochromic properties.
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The dynamics of vehicle-bridge interaction (VBI) involve the adoption of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) vehicle models in simulations. It is worth noting that the 2D ...vehicle model lacks several crucial degrees of freedom and a complete road roughness compared to the 3D vehicle model. Despite the common usage of the 2D vehicle model in VBI simulations, the difference between the two models has not received sufficient attention in previous studies. Therefore, this study aims to quantitatively assess the differences in bridge response between the 2D and 3D vehicle models. To achieve this goal, the study employs a VBI modeling method based entirely on general finite element software first. Then, a series of comparisons between the 2D and 3D vehicle models are implemented through a steel composite girder bridge and a cable-stayed bridge. The results indicate that road roughness significantly contributes to the observed differences. Specifically, the 2D vehicle model generates larger bridge responses than the 3D vehicle model, primarily due to the absence of rolling and vibration cancellation effects. Furthermore, the differences between the two models increase as the road surface roughness worsens, with a maximum difference of 25.07 % in the cable-stayed bridge’s mid-span acceleration. Notably, the discrepancies in bridge acceleration are more significant than those in displacement or cable stress. Adopting the 2D vehicle model in VBI simulations may lead to more conservative engineering recommendations, resulting in higher economic costs and greater consumption of building materials. Thus, this study emphasizes the importance of considering the 3D vehicle model in VBI simulations, particularly for bridges with poor road conditions.
Near infrared light photodiodes have been attracting increasing research interest due to their wide application in various fields. In this study, the fabrication of a new n‐type GaAs nanocone ...(GaAsNCs) array/monolayer graphene (MLG) Schottky junction is reported for NIR light detection. The NIR photodetector (NIRPD) shows obvious rectifying behavior with a turn‐on voltage of 0.6 V. Further device analysis reveals that the photovoltaic NIRPDs are highly sensitive to 850 nm light illumination, with a fast response speed and good spectral selectivity at zero bias voltage. It is also revealed that the NIRPD is capable of monitoring high‐switching frequency optical signals (∼2000 Hz) with a high relative balance. Theoretical simulations based on finite difference time domain (FDTD) analysis finds that the high device performance is partially associated with the optical property, which can trap most incident photons in an efficient way. It is expected that such a self‐driven NIRPD will have potential application in future optoelectronic devices.
A new Schottky junction near‐infrared light photodetector is fabricated by coating a GaAs nanocone array with a monolayer graphene film, which shows high sensitivity to near‐infrared light irradiation, with good reproducibility, excellent selectivity, and rapid response speed.
Interleukin (IL)‐15 is a recently identified cytokine, which belongs to the interleukin‐2(IL‐2) family, and plays an important role in innate and adaptive immunoreaction. Given the fact that the ...structure of IL‐15 is partially similar to IL‐2, they share some common biological effects, including immunoregulation. IL‐2 was proven to protect cardiac function in mouse myocardial infarction models. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) dominate the cause of mortality worldwide. Besides atherosclerosis, inflammation is also widely involved in the pathogenesis of many CVDs including hypertension, heart failure (HF) and aneurysm. IL‐15, as a pro‐inflammatory cytokine, is up‐regulated in some cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis. The current understanding of IL‐15, including its signal pathway and cellular function, was described. Furthermore, IL‐15 has a protective effect in myocardial infarction and myocarditis by decreasing cardiomyocyte death and improving heart function. The inhibited effect of IL‐15 in ductus arteriosus (DA) should be focused on. IL‐15 promoted atherogenesis. IL‐15 may be a good target in treatment of cardiovascular diabetology. Finally, future research direction of IL‐15 deserves attention. Since IL‐15 plays several roles in CVDs, understanding the role of the IL‐15/IL‐15R system may provide a scientific basis for the development of new approaches that use IL‐15 for the treatment of CVDs.
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