Purpose
Data from in vitro and animal studies support the preventive effect of tea (
Camellia sinensis
) against colorectal cancer. Further, many epidemiologic studies evaluated the association ...between tea consumption and colorectal cancer risk, but the results were inconsistent. We conducted a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to systematically assess the association between tea consumption and colorectal cancer risk.
Methods
A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify the related articles by searching PubMed and Embase up to June, 2019. Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a fixed effect model.
Results
Twenty cohort articles were included in the present meta-analysis involving 2,068,137 participants and 21,437 cases. The combined RR of colorectal cancer for the highest vs. lowest tea consumption was determined to 0.97 (95% CI 0.94–1.01) with marginal heterogeneity (
I
2
= 24.0%,
P
= 0.093) among all studies. This indicated that tea consumption had no significant association with colorectal cancer risk. Stratified analysis showed that no significant differences were found in all subgroups. We further conducted the gender-specific meta-analysis for deriving a more precise estimation. No significant association was observed between tea consumption and colorectal cancer risk in male (combined RR = 0.97; 95% CI 0.90–1.04). However, tea consumption had a marginal significant inverse impact on colorectal cancer risk in female (combined RR = 0.93; 95% CI 0.86–1.00). Further, we found a stronger inverse association between tea consumption and risk of colorectal cancer among the female studies with no adjustment of coffee intake (RR: 0.90; 95% CI 0.82–1.00,
P
< 0.05) compared to the female studies that adjusted for coffee intake (RR = 0.97; 95% CI 0.87–1.09,
P
> 0.05).
Conclusions
Our finding indicates that tea consumption has no significant impact on the colorectal cancer risk in both genders combined, but gender-specific meta-analysis shows that tea consumption has a marginal significant inverse impact on colorectal cancer risk in female.
Objectives
This study sought to compare the efficacy and clinical safety of the LONGTY drug‐coated balloon (DCB) with those of SeQuent Please DCB in patients with in‐stent restenosis (ISR).
...Background
Although DCB technologies have evolved, little is known about the clinical efficacy of the new‐generation LONGTY DCB.
Methods
This was a prospective, multicenter, randomized, noninferiority trial comparing LONGTY DCB with SeQuent Please DCB in patients with ISR. The primary endpoint was target lesion late lumen loss at 9 months' follow‐up.
Results
A total of 211 patients with ISR from 13 Chinese sites were included (LONGTY DCB, n = 105; SeQuent Please DCB, n = 106). Device success was achieved in all patients. At the 9 month angiographic follow‐up, target lesion late lumen loss was 0.35 ± 0.42 mm with LONGTY and 0.38 ± 0.45 mm with SeQuent Please (p for noninferiority <.001). The target lesion revascularization rates at 1 year were similar in both DCB groups (15.24 vs. 13.21%; p = .673). Over an extended follow‐up of 2 years, the clinical endpoints, including cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and thrombus rate, were extremely low and similar in both groups.
Conclusions
In this multicenter, head‐to‐head, randomized trial, the new‐generation LONGTY DCB was noninferior to the SeQuent Please DCB for the primary endpoint of target lesion late lumen loss at 9 months.
•Differences in major chemical constituents existed in different dark teas.•Dark tea promoted gastrointestinal transit in normal mice.•Dark tea restored antibiotic-induced dysbiosis of intestinal ...microflora.
Processing of dark tea varieties, such as Fu brick tea, Liupao tea, Qianliang tea, and Qing brick tea, includes solid-state fermentation involving microorganisms. In this study, we analyzed the major chemical constituents of dark tea extracts and evaluated their modulatory effect on the gastrointestinal function in normal mice, including the improvement of gastrointestinal transit and intestinal microbial, as well as the attenuation of intestinal microbial dysbiosis and intestinal pathological damage, and the adjustment of immune function in antibiotic-treated mice. Substantial differences in major chemical constituents, including total polyphenols, total organic acids, water extract content, 18 free amino acids, gallic acid, and six tea catechins, were observed among Fu brick tea, Qianliang tea, Qing brick tea, and Liupao tea extracts. Extracts from the four dark tea varieties significantly promoted gastrointestinal transit and colonization of beneficial Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, and inhibited the growth of harmful Escherichia coli and Enterococcus in normal mice. In addition, Qianliang tea, Qing brick tea, and Liupao tea extracts significantly accelerated the reversal of the ampicillin sodium-induced pathological damage in the ileum, intestinal bacterial dysbiosis (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, E. coli, and Enterococcus), and low immunity.
A nano graphene oxide/α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP) hybrid (GOZP) was synthesized by an in-situ technique, and characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, etc. Rigid polyvinyl chloride (RPVC) foams ...containing GOZP exhibit high mechanical, flame retardant and smoke suppressive properties. The compressive and flexural strengths of sample RPVC/GOZP3 with 3 phr GOZP increase by 28.6% and 45.2%, respectively compared to those of pure RPVC foam. The limiting oxygen index (29.5%) of sample RPVC/GOZP3 is higher than that (27.5%) of pure RPVC foam. The cone calorimeter test results demonstrate that peak heat release rate, total heat release and total smoke production of sample RPVC/GOZP3 decrease by 13%, 24% and 59%, respectively compared with the ones of pure RPVC foam. Moreover, sample RPVC/GOZP3 shows a higher thermal stability than pure RPVC foam.
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The clinical use of doxorubicin (DOX) is limited by cardiotoxicity, involving the dysregulation of autophagy and apoptosis in the myocardium, which were partly reversed by resveratrol ...(RSV) supplement. However, a definitive mechanisms accounting for DOX’s cardiotoxicity and the protective role of RSV remain poorly defined. The aim of the present study was to clarify the specific role of E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) in regulating autophagy and apoptosis in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity as well as the protective effects of RSV. Autophagy and apoptosis were successfully induced by the serum deprivation strategy in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. DOX inhibited autophagy through activating E2F1/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway and further induced apoptosis by activating E2F1/AMP-activated protein kinase α2 (AMPKα2) pathway in starved H9C2 cells. And RSV supplement showed increased autophagy and decreased apoptosis, accompanied with inhibitory effect on E2F1/mTORC1 as well as E2F1/AMPKα2 pathway. Moreover, the favorable effect of RSV on autophagy and apoptosis was dependent on E2F1. The same result was observed in the mouse model of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in both non-myocardial ischemia and myocardial ischemia condition. Injection with DOX and RSV in combination, resulted in a reduced apoptotic ratio and activated autophagy process compared with the DOX treatment alone. In conclusions, RSV, which has been suggested to attenuate DOX-induced cytotoxicity, significantly blocks induction of E2F1/mTORC1 and E2F1/AMPKα2 pathway by DOX, leading to acceleratory autophagy and inhibitory apoptosis. And E2F1 plays a key role for the protective effect of RSV.
•Dust deposition can be greatly reduced by super-hydrophobic coating due to the low adhesion energy.•Deposition density on the coated surface is just 11.2% of the bare surface for tilt angle ...θ = 60°.•The self-cleaning coating has better performance for large tilt angle cases.•The PV efficiency reduction is less than 1% when using super-hydrophobic coating for θ = 45° or 60°.
Dust deposition on solar photovoltaic (PV) panels would greatly reduce the PV output efficiency, especially in dusty regions. This paper investigated dust deposition reduction on solar cell covering glass by transparent super-hydrophobic coating under different PV tilted angles. The macroscopic and microscopic dust deposition patterns, dust deposition density, spectral transmittance of covering glass and PV efficiency reduction caused by dust deposition were studied and analyzed. The results showed that dust deposition on the glass surface can be greatly reduced by super-hydrophobic coating due to the low adhesion energy. The super-hydrophobic coating has a better performance on dust deposition reduction compared with hydrophobic coating. The deposition density on the glass with super-hydrophobic coating is just 44.4%, 28.6% or 11.2% of the bare surface for tilt angle θ = 30°, θ = 45° or 60°, respectively. The spectral transmittance of coated glass and the PV efficiency are obviously higher compared with bare glass case after dust deposition. Moreover, the self-cleaning coating has better performance for large tilt angle and poly-crystalline silicon PV cell. The performance of super-hydrophobic coating on dust deposition reduction is similar between the test dust and the real dust obtained from Guangzhou, China.
Ethylene regulates climacteric fruit ripening, and EIN3-LIKE1 (EIL1) plays an important role in this process. In apple (
), fruit coloration is accompanied by ethylene release during fruit ripening, ...but the molecular mechanism that underlies these two physiological processes is unknown. In this study, we found that ethylene treatment markedly induced fruit coloration as well as the expression of
, a positive regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis and fruit coloration. In addition, we found that MdEIL1 directly bound to the promoter of
and transcriptionally activated its expression, which resulted in anthocyanin biosynthesis and fruit coloration. Furthermore, MdMYB1 interacted with the promoter of
, a key regulator of ethylene biosynthesis, thereby providing a positive feedback for ethylene biosynthesis regulation. Overall, our findings provide insight into a mechanism involving the synergistic interaction of the ethylene signal with the MdMYB1 transcription factor to regulate ethylene biosynthesis and fruit coloration in apple.
A new double functionalization reaction of alkenes through AgNO3-mediated phosphinoyl radical addition followed by Cu(II)-catalyzed amination is introduced. This one-pot, three-component reaction is ...performed under mild conditions to afford α,β-aminophosphinoylation products.
This paper deals with the synchronization for discrete-time coupled neural networks (DTCNNs), in which stochastic perturbations and multiple delays are simultaneously involved. The multiple delays ...mean that both discrete time-varying delays and distributed delays are included. Time-triggered impulsive control (TTIC) is proposed to investigate the synchronization issue of the DTCNNs based on the recently proposed impulsive control scheme for continuous neural networks with single time delays. Furthermore, a novel event-triggered impulsive control (ETIC) is designed to further reduce the communication bandwidth. By using linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique and constructing appropriate Lyapunov functions, some sufficient criteria guaranteeing the synchronization of the DTCNNs are obtained. Finally, We propose a simulation example to illustrate the validity and feasibility of the theoretical results obtained.
Cocrystal engineering is an efficient and simple strategy to construct functional materials, especially for the exploitation of novel and multifunctional materials. Herein, we report two kinds of ...nucleic-acid-base cocrystal systems that imitate the strong hydrogen bond interactions constructed in the form of complementary base pairing. The two cocrystals studied exhibit different colors of phosphorescence from their monomeric counterparts and show the feature of rare high-temperature phosphorescence. Mechanistic studies reveal that the strong hydrogen bond network stabilizes the triplet state and suppresses non-radiative transitions, resulting in phosphorescence even at 425 K. Moreover, the isolation effects of the hydrogen bond network regulate the interactions between the phosphor groups, realizing the manipulation from aggregation to single-molecule phosphorescence. Benefiting from the long-lived triplet state with a high quantum yield, the generation of reactive oxygen species by energy transfer is also available to utilize for some applications such as in photodynamic therapy and broad-spectrum microbicidal effects. In vitro experiments show that the cocrystals efficiently kill bacteria on a tooth surface and significantly help prevent dental caries. This work not only provides deep insight into the relationship of the structure-properties of cocrystal systems, but also facilitates the design of multifunctional cocrystal materials and enriches their potential applications.
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