In environmentally sensitive areas, especially the arid and semi-arid regions, the greening stability process and its influencing factors can directly affect the sustainable development of the ...ecological environment. In this study, multi-source remote sensing data such as land use/cover data, MODIS NDVI, and soil moisture, methods such as stability index, vegetation quantitative remote sensing, and Geodetector were employed to analyze the sustainability of the greening process in the Mu Us Sandy in 2000-2020, which were viewed from three aspects: changes in stability of land use types and function, soil moisture change and influencing factors on greening stability. The results showed that, (1) From the stability of land use types, continuous stable ecological land accounted for more than 50%, showing that decreased from northwest toward southeast. (2) From the functional stability, NDVI showed a fluctuated growth (0.035/a), with an increasing distribution pattern from northwest to southeast. Additionally, Vegetation changes were unstable and concentrated in the western part of the study area (OtogBanner and Otog Front Banner), while the eastern part was stable, in which vegetation improvement took the main position. Moreover, mobile dunes almost disappeared, and semi-fixed dunes decreased and gradually shrank to the west of the sandy area, while fixed dunes soared and were concentrated in the middle of the sandy land. (3) From the soil moisture change, soil moisture at different underground depths showed an overall increasing trend, but the deep soil moisture was higher than the shallow, and spatial distribution varied greatly. (4) From the influencing factors, natural factors significantly influence greening stability, among which precipitation had a particularly profound impact, and interactions with other natural and social factors were higher explanatory. The paper aims to explore whether the ecological environment is developing in a good and orderly direction in the Mu Us Sandy Land, and the potential factors that cause its changes, to provide a theoretical basis for scientific governance in the Mu Us Sandy Land and other arid and semi-arid areas in the future.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rapidly progressive, poor prognosis malignant tumor caused by hematopoietic stem cells/progenitor cells. In recent years, there have been significant advances in ...basic and preclinical research on AML. Compared with traditional chemotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) significantly improved prognosis. However, with high recurrence rates and low 5-year survival rates, more and more attention has been focused on immunotherapy strategies for AML. Given the immunological characteristics of AML and the mechanisms of immune escape, ongoing efforts are aimed at improving the strategy of immunotherapy and the design of novel therapies, such as vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, chimeric receptor-engineered T cells (CAR-T), and checkpoint inhibitors, which hopefully can deliver higher specificity and efficacy in AML therapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the immunological characteristics of conventional AML therapies, explore immune avoidance mechanisms, and describe the mechanisms of active and passive immunotherapies and current clinical trials.
Background The progress of green credit in China is accelerating, but its development is uneven and insufficient in different regions. And whether the issuance of green credit can effectively promote ...the improvement of the environment and economy is not well understood. Objective Previous research has found that green credit promotes economic growth through improvement of the industrial structure and green technological innovation. However, these studies have not considered the positive externality of environmental improvement even though environmental improvement and economic growth are requirements of the sustainable development concept. Methods We use the chain-mediated model to estimate the impact of green credit issuance on the economic growth of different provinces since the large-scale implementation of green credit in China with data from 2008 to 2016. Results and conclusion This paper shows that the issuance of green credit can improve labor supply rather than labor productivity through the improvement of air quality to achieve regional economic growth. Such a chain-mediated path is different from the economic growth caused by industrial structural adjustment and green technology innovation. At the national level, every 1% increase in green credit issuance relative to industrial loans will increase the per capita gross domestic product (GDP) by approximately 4.6 yuan, or 0.012%, through air quality and labor supply, accounting for 2.875% of the total effect. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that due to regional industrial structure differences and diminishing marginal effects, the impact of green credit is stronger in the western region than in the eastern and central regions. For every 1% increase in the proportion of green credit issuance relative to industrial loans, the per capita GDP growth achieved through the chain-mediated path is approximately 30.17 yuan in the western region, approximately 6.6 times greater than that at the national level. Within a 95% confidence interval of 5000 bootstrap samples, this path is found to be true, and the chain-mediated effect accounts for approximately 12.96% of the total indirect effect. Limitations The limitation of this paper is the measurement of green credit. Although green credit has a large volume, it remains underdeveloped, and there is a lack of perfect indicators. Most existing studies have adopted only alternative or reverse indicators to measure the issuance of green credit. For example, this paper takes the interest expenditure of six high-energy-consuming enterprises as the reverse indicator, which may to a certain extent lead to the overestimation of the issuance of green credit and its impact on the environment and economy. Future research can accurately explore the performance of green credit on the basis of its mature development.
A novel series of clioquinol-moracin hybrids were designed and synthesized by fusing the pharmacophores of clioquinol and moracin M, and their activities as multitarget-directed ligands against ...Alzheimer’s disease were evaluated. Biological activity results demonstrated that these hybrids possessed significant inhibitory activities against phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) and Aβ aggregation as well as remarkable antioxidant effects and excellent blood–brain barrier permeability. The optimal compound, 18d (WBQ5187), exhibited excellent PDE4D inhibitory potency (IC50 = 0.32 μM), significant antioxidant effects, appropriate biometal chelating functions, and interesting properties that modulated self- and metal-induced Aβ aggregation. Two-dimensional NMR studies revealed that 18d had significant interactions with Aβ1–42 at the R5, H6, H14, Q15, and F20 residues. Furthermore, this typical hybrid possessed preeminent neuroprotective effects against inflammation in microglial cells. Most importantly, oral administration of 18d·HCl demonstrated marked improvements in cognitive and spatial memory in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease and protected hippocampal neurons from necrosis.
The emphasis of this study is placed on the investigation into the failure mechanisms of the fabric membranes when exposed to such defective cracks. This experimental study investigates the initial ...crack of a flat circle and conducts a uniaxial shear test on the membrane materials. The deformation of the membrane materials is obtained through an optical non-contact scanner. Our study has been conducted to assess the crack propagation of fabric membrane materials at different angles. The relationships between crack width and stress together with stress and strain are also obtained. Based on the results, a mechanic of failure on the membrane was proposed. Moreover, new findings into the ductility and energy absorption of the fabric membrane materials have been established to inform the failure mechanisms.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with important roles in diverse biological processes including immunity. Japanese flounder (
) is an aquaculture fish species susceptible to the infection ...of bacterial and viral pathogens including
. In a previous study, pol-miR-novel_547, a novel miRNA of flounder with unknown function, was found to be induced by
. In the present study, we investigated the regulation and function of pol-miR-novel_547 and its target gene. We found that pol-miR-novel_547 was regulated differently by
and the viral pathogen megalocytivirus, and pol-miR-novel_547 repressed the expression of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) of flounder (PoPTEN). PoPTEN is ubiquitously expressed in multiple tissues of flounder and responded to bacterial and viral infections. Interference with PoPTEN expression in flounder cells directly or via pol-miR-novel_547 promoted
invasion. Consistently, in vivo knockdown of PoPTEN enhanced
dissemination in flounder tissues, whereas in vivo overexpression of PoPTEN attenuated
dissemination but facilitated megalocytivirus replication. Further in vitro and in vivo studies showed that PoPTEN affected autophagy activation via the AKT/mTOR pathway and also modulated the process of apoptosis. Together these results reveal for the first time a critical role of fish PTEN and its regulatory miRNA in pathogen infection, autophagy, and apoptosis.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate diverse biological processes including immunity. In a previous high-throughput RNA sequencing study, a novel miRNA, pol-miR-novel_642, was ...identified from Japanese flounder (
), a farmed fish species with important economic value. In this study, we investigated the regulatory mechanism and the function of pol-miR-novel_642 and its target gene. We found that pol-miR-novel_642 targeted, in a sequence-specific manner, a flounder gene encoding an uncharacterized protein that is a structural homologue of murine granulocyte colony stimulating factor 3 (CSF3). The expression of pol-miR-novel_642 and its target gene (named PoCSF3-1) was regulated, in different manners, by the bacterial pathogen
and the viral pathogen megalocytivirus. Overexpression of pol-miR-novel_642 or interference with PoCSF3-1 expression in flounder cells strongly potentiated
infection. Consistently,
knockdown of PoCSF3-1 enhanced bacterial dissemination in flounder tissues but blocked viral replication, whereas
overexpression of PoCSF3-1 inhibited bacterial dissemination and facilitated viral infection. Overexpression/knockdown of PoCSF3-1 and pol-miR-novel_642 also affected the activation of autophagy. Recombinant PoCSF3-1 (rPoCSF3-1) interacted with and inhibited the growth of Gram-negative bacteria in a manner relying on a PoCSF3-1-characteristic structural motif that is absent in mouse CSF3. rPoCSF3-1 also regulated the proliferation, inflammatory response, and immune defense of flounder head kidney leukocytes in a structure-dependent fashion. Together, these results reveal the function of a novel miRNA-CSF3 regulatory system of flounder, and add new insights into the role and mechanism of fish miRNA and CSF3 in antimicrobial immunity.
Time series data is common in data sets has become one of the focuses of current research. The prediction of time series can be realized through the mining of time series data, so that we can obtain ...the development process and regularity of social economic phenomena reflected by time series, and extrapolate to predict its development trend. More and more attention has been paid to time series prediction in the era of big data. It is the basic application of time series prediction to accurately predict the trend. In this paper, we introduce various time series autoregressive (AR) model, moving average (MA) model, and ARIMA model that is combined by AR and MA. As the time series prediction in general scenarios, the ARIMA is applied to the risk prediction of the National SME Stock Trading (New Third Board) in combination with specific scenarios. The case studies show that the results of our analysis are basically consistent with the actual situation, which has greatly helped the prediction of financial risks.
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) involves duodenal obstruction caused by compression of the horizontal section of the duodenum between the superior mesenteric artery and abdominal aorta. ...Here, the experience of nursing a lactating patient with SMAS is summarized. Nursing care was performed according to a multiple therapy approach of treating the SMAS in addition to particular psychological factors that may be present during lactation. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy under general anaesthesia, duodenal lysis, and abdominal aorta–superior mesenteric artery bypass with great saphenous vein grafting. The key nursing care included pain control, psychological care, positional therapy, observation and nursing care of fluid drainage and body fever, nutrition support and discharge health guidance. Through the above nursing methods, the patient was eventually able to return to a normal diet.
Salvia miltiorrhiza is one of the most important traditional Chinese medicinal plants with high medicinal value. Gibberellins are growth-promoting phytohormones that regulate numerous growth and ...developmental processes in plants. However, their role on the secondary metabolism regulation has not been investigated.
In this study, we found that gibberellic acid (GA) can promote hairy roots growth and increase the contents of tanshinones and phenolic acids. Transcriptomic sequencing revealed that many genes involved in the secondary metabolism pathway were the GA-responsive. After further analysis of GA signaling pathway genes, which their expression profiles have significantly changed, it was found that the GRAS transcription factor family had a significant response to GA. We identified 35 SmGRAS genes in S. miltiorrhiza, which can be divided into 10 subfamilies. Thereafter, members of the same subfamily showed similar conserved motifs and gene structures, suggesting possible conserved functions.
Most SmGRAS genes were significantly responsive to GA, indicating that they may play an important role in the GA signaling pathway, also participating in the GA regulation of root growth and secondary metabolism in S. miltiorrhiza.
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