As flame retardants, organophosphate is recognized as a global environmental contaminant because of its wide application. This contaminant is hardly degradable by hydrolysis in the environment due to ...its special physicochemical properties. Therefore, it is of urgent needs to study the microbial degradation of organophosphate. Through continuous enrichment, we isolated one bacterial consortium, named YC-BJ1, from leachate of waste treatment plant in Beijing. The bacterial consortium YC-BJ1 could efficiently degrade 99.8% of triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) and 91.9% of tricresyl phosphate (TCrP) with the concentration of 100 mg/L within 4 days. Besides aryl phosphates, it could degrade chloro-phosphates, tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCPP) and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) by 16.5% and 22.0% respectively. The degradation of the consortium on TPhP was optimized through a broad range of temperature (15-40 ℃), pH (5.0-12.0) and salinity (0%-4%). 16S rRNA gene-based metagenomic analysis revealed that Hy
Coalbed methane development primarily relies on hydraulic fracturing and drainage gas extraction processes. The intrusion of external fluids and long-term drainage and extraction contribute to the ...water blocking effect, which becomes one of the crucial factors affecting production capacity. In this study, the coal reservoir of a certain coalbed methane in Hancheng, Shaanxi Province, was selected as the research object. The experimental method was employed to comprehensively evaluate the correlation between factors such as coal sample moisture content, permeability, porosity, properties of external liquids, and water blocking damage. The results indicated that there was a positive correlation between coal sample moisture content, liquid surface tension, and water blocking damage. On the other hand, coal sample pore permeability characteristics, liquid contact angle with rock samples, and water blocking damage showed a negative correlation. Building upon the aforementioned research, an investigation into remedial measures for water blocking damage was conducted. Additionally, a chemical treatment study using the compound surfactant system JSS-1 as a water-blocking agent was performed to manage the water blocking effect. The results demonstrated that JSS-1 as a water-blocking agent significantly reduced the surface tension of the wellbore fluid and improved its wetting behavior on the coal-rock surface. The laboratory experiments confirmed the capability of JSS-1 in managing the water blocking effect.
Tamoxifen (TAM) is the most commonly used adjuvant endocrine drug for hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer patients. However, how to accurately evaluate the risk of breast cancer recurrence ...and metastasis after adjuvant TAM therapy is still a major concern. In recent years, many studies have shown that the clinical outcomes of TAM-treated breast cancer patients are influenced by the activity of some cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes that catalyze the formation of active TAM metabolites like endoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen. In this study, we aimed to first develop and validate an algorithm combining polymorphisms in CYP genes and clinicopathological signatures to identify a subpopulation of breast cancer patients who might benefit most from TAM adjuvant therapy and meanwhile evaluate major risk factors related to TAM resistance. Specifically, a total of 256 patients with invasive breast cancer who received adjuvant endocrine therapy were selected. The genotypes at 10 loci from three TAM metabolism-related CYP genes were detected by time-of-flight mass spectrometry and multiplex long PCR. Combining the 10 loci with nine clinicopathological characteristics, we obtained 19 important features whose association with cancer recurrence was assessed by importance score
via
random forests. After that, a logistic regression model was trained to calculate TAM risk-of-recurrence score (TAM RORs), which is adopted to assess a patient’s risk of recurrence after TAM treatment. The sensitivity and specificity of the model in an independent test cohort were 86.67% and 64.56%, respectively. This study showed that breast cancer patients with high TAM RORs were less sensitive to TAM treatment and manifested more invasive characteristics, whereas those with low TAM RORs were highly sensitive to TAM treatment, and their conditions were stable during the follow-up period. There were some risk factors that had a significant effect on the efficacy of TAM. They were tissue classification (tumor Grade < 2
vs
. Grade ≥ 2,
p
= 2.2e−16), the number of lymph node metastases (Node-Negative
vs
. Node < 4,
p
= 5.3e−07; Node < 4
vs
. Node ≥ 4,
p
= 0.003; Node-Negative
vs
. Node ≥ 4,
p
= 7.2e−15), and the expression levels of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) (ER < 50%
vs
. ER ≥ 50%,
p
= 1.3e−12; PR < 50%
vs
. PR ≥ 50%,
p
= 2.6e−08). The really remarkable thing is that different genotypes of
CYP2D6*10(C188T)
show significant differences in prediction function (
CYP2D6*10 CC vs
.
TT
,
p
< 0.019;
CYP2D6*10 CT vs
.
TT
,
p
< 0.037). There are more than 50% Chinese who have CYP2D6*10 mutation. So the genotype of
CYP2D6*10(C188T)
should be tested before TAM therapy.
Objective:
Brain imaging is important in diagnosing children with cerebral palsy (CP) and in identifying its etiology. To provide study navigation in this field, a bibliometric analysis was conducted ...by analyzing the most highly cited articles.
Methods:
The Web of Science All Databases were used for literature search in this study. All original articles on imaging in children with CP were searched. Two reviewers screened the search results independently and eliminated articles based on exclusion criteria such as participants over 20 years old, topics referring to images outside of the brain, or trauma. According to descending order of yearly citation counts, the top 25% of all included articles were considered as highly cited articles. Information such as yearly citations, research purposes, imaging modalities, CP types, and study designs were recorded and analyzed.
Results:
A total of 50 highly cited articles ranked by yearly citations (from 23.85 to 3.33, 1991–2018) were included in this study. Considering different research purposes, these studies were classified into three categories: diagnosis studies (
n
= 25; 1991–2017, median: 2011), mechanism studies (
n
= 15; 1999–2018; median: 2014), and prognosis and therapeutic effect studies (
n
= 10; 2008–2017; median: 2014.5). First, for diagnosis studies, 22 studies used single modality and three used multi-modalities; the majority of these studies focused on diagnostic value evaluation (
n
= 10) and image performance (
n
= 12) of a single type of CP (
n
= 15) by using descriptive (
n
= 14) or cross-sectional approaches (
n
= 10). Second, for mechanism studies, the ratio between single and multi-modality was 8:7; most of these studies concentrated on a single subtype of spastic CP (hemiplegia = 10, quadriplegia = 2) with a cross-sectional study design (
n
= 10). Third, regarding the prognosis and therapeutic effect studies, the single vs. multi-modality ratio was 5:5, and these studies were dedicated to the efficiency of constraint-induced movement therapy in children with hemiplegia; paired design trials (
n
= 6) and randomized controlled trials (
n
= 2) were used more frequently.
Conclusion:
Studies using multi-modality and high-level evidence-based design to provide information regarding mechanism, prognosis, and therapeutic efficacy may be the potential future research direction in the field of CP research.
In this paper, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis was carried out to make clear the curing properties of soy flour-based adhesives (SFAs) enhanced by waterborne polyurethane (WPU) with different ...addition levels. The kinetic parameters were evaluated by a thermal dynamics method, including activation energy and preexponential factor. In addition, the structure characteristics of both soy flour and modified soy flour-based adhesives were tested by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results revealed that the FTIR spectra of pristine soy flour-based adhesives were different from those of soy flour after alkali treatment and waterborne polyurethane modification. Furthermore, there were four main degradation phases in the derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) curves of modified soy-based adhesives while there were two phases of a defatted soy flour sample. The kinetics analysis demonstrated that the curing process could be described as a consecutive first-order curing process. Moreover, with the addition level of WPU growing, the apparent activation energy of each phase of the curing process was increasing compared with that in pristine soy-based adhesives.
The development of self-supporting high-efficiency catalysts is a major challenge for the efficient production of H2 via water splitting. In this manuscript, a freestanding Ni2P-Ni12P5/carbonized ...wood (CW) composite electrode was prepared by a simple hydrothermal method and high-temperature calcination using pine wood with uniform channel as support and a large number of hydroxyl groups as nucleation center. The morphology and structural characteristics indicated that the Ni2P and Ni12P5 nanoparticles were uniformly distributed within the hierarchical porous structure of the CW. In acid media, the as-prepared Ni2P-Ni12P5/CW exhibits an excellent catalytic activity with a low overpotential of 151 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a reasonably good long-term stability.
Tailored properties hot forming of 38MnB5Nb by partition cooling can be configured on-demand. A gradient distribution microstructural characteristic can be generated by undertaking an appropriate ...cooling-tempering process for the regions with different properties requirements before forming. A unified viscoplastic constitutive model coupled with the primary cooling temperature and related material constants is established based on genetic algorithm. Meanwhile, the use of the mixture of jet air and dry ice particles to cool the partition region is essential to achieve different primary cooling temperatures. In this paper, the inverse heat conduction problem is solved to obtain the relationship between the interfacial heat transfer coefficient and different cooling conditions in the partition cooling process. The U-shaped part is taken as an example to simulate the change of temperature, stress-strain, thickness, and spring-back in the process of partition cooling and tailored hot forming properties. The results show that the gradient microstructural characteristic formed by partition cooling has a great influence on the stress field distribution. The maximum stress of 345 MPa can be reached after complete pressure holding in the partition slow cooling tailored properties of the hot forming process. The maximum stress can reach 743 MPa in the partition fast cooling tailored properties of the hot forming process due to the relatively high deformation resistance of the tempered martensite at the bottom center. The maximum residual stress in the two processes after spring-back drops to 305 MPa and 545 MPa, respectively. The spring-back is small under the two processes, with a maximum spring back angle of no more than 1°.
The aim of this study was to develop a robust post-processing workflow for motion-corrupted datasets in diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI).
The proposed workflow consisted of brain extraction, rigid ...registration, distortion correction, artifacts rejection, spatial smoothing and tensor estimation. Rigid registration was utilized to correct misalignments. Motion artifacts were rejected by using local Pearson correlation coefficient (LPCC). The performance of LPCC in characterizing relative differences between artifacts and artifact-free images was compared with that of the conventional correlation coefficient in 10 randomly selected DKI datasets. The influence of rejected artifacts with information of gradient directions and b values for the parameter estimation was investigated by using mean square error (MSE). The variance of noise was used as the criterion for MSEs. The clinical practicality of the proposed workflow was evaluated by the image quality and measurements in regions of interest on 36 DKI datasets, including 18 artifact-free (18 pediatric subjects) and 18 motion-corrupted datasets (15 pediatric subjects and 3 essential tremor patients).
The relative difference between artifacts and artifact-free images calculated by LPCC was larger than that of the conventional correlation coefficient (p<0.05). It indicated that LPCC was more sensitive in detecting motion artifacts. MSEs of all derived parameters from the reserved data after the artifacts rejection were smaller than the variance of the noise. It suggested that influence of rejected artifacts was less than influence of noise on the precision of derived parameters. The proposed workflow improved the image quality and reduced the measurement biases significantly on motion-corrupted datasets (p<0.05).
The proposed post-processing workflow was reliable to improve the image quality and the measurement precision of the derived parameters on motion-corrupted DKI datasets. The workflow provided an effective post-processing method for clinical applications of DKI in subjects with involuntary movements.
Peanut hull residues were considered for the manufacturing of particleboards. Various concentrations of two types of adhesive—polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and urea-formaldehyde ...(UF)—were separately combined with four types of peanut hull particles (fine, mixed, coarse particles, and peanut hull powder) to manufacture particleboards with a certain target density. The confidence level of the effect of the selected production parameters on the physical and mechanical properties of the panels was evaluated. The results showed that increasing the adhesive mass percentage significantly improved the dimensional stability of the boards. A better mechanical performance was achieved for the MDI-bonded boards compared with the UF-bonded boards. Superior bonding between the MDI adhesive and the peanut hulls with different particle geometries was also observed; the peanut hull powder and coarse particles were unsuitable for the manufacturing of panels, due to the risk of an internal blowout. The water resistance of the panels was poor, whereas the mechanical strength of the peanut hull particleboard met the class M-1 requirement of the ANSI A208.1 (2009) standard for wood particleboard.
Air-dried rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora) samples with sizes of 50 mm (length) by 50 mm (width) by 20 mm (thickness) were pretreated with NaOH to increase their permeability. The specimens were then ...impregnated with microcrystalline wax at a temperature of 100 °C to obtain various weight gains at four treatment durations. After impregnation, the swelling and shrinkage extents and surface hardness of the rosewood were measured. The results showed that, compared with untreated specimens, the linear swelling extent, volumetric swelling extent, and linear shrinkage extent of the impregnated specimens decreased by 75.23%, 59.85%, and 80.70%, respectively, and the surface hardness of the treated specimens increased by 43.36%. The impregnation with wax significantly increased the dimensional stability and surface hardness of the rosewood.
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