A
bstract
With the hypothesis of minimal flavor violation, we find that there exists a power-aligned relation between the Yukawa couplings of the two scalar doublets in the two-Higgs-doublet model ...with Hermitian Yukawa matrices. Within such a power-aligned framework, it is found that a simultaneous explanation of the anomalies observed in the electron and muon anomalous magnetic moments can be reached with TeV-scale quasi-degenerate Higgs masses, and the resulting parameter space is also phenomenologically safer under the B-physics,
Z
and
τ
decay data, as well as the current LHC bounds. Furthermore, the flavor-universal power that enhances the charged-lepton Yukawa couplings prompts an interesting correlation between the two anomalies, which makes the model distinguishable from the (generalized) linearly aligned and the lepton-specific two-Higgs-doublet models that address the same anomalies but in a non-correlative manner, and hence testable by future precise measurements.
Graphene patchwork: A simple synthetic process requiring neither catalyst nor solvent was used to convert glucose directly into polycrystalline carbon sheets having a “patched” multidomain graphene ...structure with domains 2–15 nm in size. The carbon assemblies exhibit high conductivity, high specific surface area, and an unexpectedly good solution processability.
Salicylic acid (SA) is an essential plant defense hormone that promotes immunity against biotrophic and semibiotrophic pathogens. It plays crucial roles in basal defense and the amplification of ...local immune responses, as well as the establishment of systemic acquired resistance. During the past three decades, immense progress has been made in understanding the biosynthesis, homeostasis, perception, and functions of SA. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding SA in plant immunity and other biological processes. We highlight recent breakthroughs that substantially advanced our understanding of how SA is biosynthesized from isochorismate, how it is perceived, and how SA receptors regulate different aspects of plant immunity. Some key questions in SA biosynthesis and signaling, such as how SA is produced via another intermediate, benzoic acid, and how SA affects the activities of its receptors in the transcriptional regulation of defense genes, remain to be addressed.
Abstract
The observation of a radioactively powered kilonova AT 2017gfo associated with the gravitational wave event GW170817 from a binary neutron star merger proves that these events are ideal ...sites for the production of heavy
r
-process elements. The gamma-ray photons produced by the radioactive decay of heavy elements are unique probes for the detailed nuclide compositions. Based on the detailed
r
-process nucleosynthesis calculations and considering radiative transport calculations for the gamma rays in different shells, we study the gamma-ray emission in a merger ejecta on a timescale of a few days. It is found that the total gamma-ray energy generation rate evolution is roughly depicted as
E
̇
∝
t
−
1.3
. For the dynamical ejecta with a low electron fraction (
Y
e
≲ 0.20), the dominant contributors of gamma-ray energy are the nuclides around the second
r
-process peak (
A
∼ 130) and the decay chain of
132
Te (
t
1/2
= 3.21 days) →
132
I (
t
1/2
= 0.10 days) →
132
Xe produces gamma-ray lines at 228, 668, and 773 keV. For the case of a wind ejecta with
Y
e
≳ 0.30, the dominant contributors of gamma-ray energy are the nuclides around the first
r
-process peak (
A
∼ 80) and the decay chain of
72
Zn (
t
1/2
= 1.93 days) →
72
Ga (
t
1/2
= 0.59 days) →
72
Ge produces gamma-ray lines at 145, 834, 2202, and 2508 keV. The peak fluxes of these lines are 10
−9
∼ 10
−7
ph cm
−2
s
−1
, which are marginally detectable with the next-generation MeV gamma-ray detector
ETCC
if the source is at a distance of 40 Mpc.
Depression is a serious and potentially life-threatening mental disorder with unknown etiology. Emerging evidence shows that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and microRNAs (miRNAs) play ...critical roles in the etiology of depression. Here this study was aimed to identify and characterize the roles of BDNF and its putative regulatory miRNAs in depression. First, we identified that miR-182 may be a putative miRNA that regulates BDNF levels by bioinformatic studies, and characterized the effects of miR-182 on the BDNF levels using cell-based studies, side by side with miR-132 (a known miRNA that regulates BDNF expression). We showed that treatment of miR-132 and miR-182 respectively decreased the BDNF protein levels in a human neuronal cell model, supporting the regulatory roles of miR-132 and miR-182 on the BDNF expression. Furthermore, we explored the roles of miR-132 and miR-182 on the BDNF levels in depression using human subjects by assessing their serum levels. Compared with the healthy controls, patients with depression showed lower serum BDNF levels (via the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays) and higher serum miR-132 and miR-182 levels (via the real-time PCR). Finally, the Pearson's (or Spearman's) correlation coefficient was calculated to study whether there was a relationship among the Self-Rating Depression Scale score, the serum BDNF levels, and serum BDNF-related miRNA levels. Our results revealed that there was a significant negative correlation between the SDS scores and the serum BDNF levels, and a positive correlation between the SDS scores and miR-132 levels. In addition, we found a reverse relationship between the serum BDNF levels and the miR-132/miR-182 levels in depression. Collectively, we provided evidence supporting that miR-182 is a putative BDNF-regulatory miRNA, and suggested that the serum BDNF and its related miRNAs may be utilized as important biomarkers in the diagnosis or as therapeutic targets of depression.
A multiple-input-multiple-output dielectric resonator antenna with enhanced isolation is proposed in this letter for the future 5G millimeter (mm)-wave applications. Two rectangular dielectric ...resonators (DRs) are mounted on a substrate excited by rectangular microstrip-fed slots underneath DRs. Each DR has a metal strip printed on its upper surface moving the strongest part of the coupling field away from the exciting slot to improve the isolation between two antenna elements. The proposed antenna obtains a simulated impedance bandwidth (S11 ≤ -10 dB) from 27.25 to 28.59 GHz, which covers the 28 GHz band (27.5-28.35 GHz) allocated by the Federal Communications Commission for the 5G applications. A maximum improvement of 12 dB on the isolation over 27.5-28.35 GHz is achieved. The mechanism of the isolation improvement and the design procedure are given in this letter. A prototype is manufactured and measured as a validation of the proposed decoupling method.
The aggressive scaling of integrated circuit technology results in high-dimensional, strongly-nonlinear performance variability that cannot be efficiently captured by traditional modeling techniques. ...In this paper, we adapt a novel L 0 -norm regularization method to address this modeling challenge. Our goal is to solve a large number of (e.g., 10 4 -10 6 ) model coefficients from a small set of (e.g., 10 2 -10 3 ) sampling points without over-fitting. This is facilitated by exploiting the underlying sparsity of model coefficients. Namely, although numerous basis functions are needed to span the high-dimensional, strongly-nonlinear variation space, only a few of them play an important role for a given performance of interest. An efficient orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm is applied to automatically select these important basis functions based on a limited number of simulation samples. Several circuit examples designed in a commercial 65 nm process demonstrate that OMP achieves up to 25× speedup compared to the traditional least-squares fitting method.
Summary
Nodulation begins with the initiation of infection threads (ITs) in root hairs. Though mutual recognition and early symbiotic signaling cascades in legumes are well understood, molecular ...mechanisms underlying bacterial infection processes and successive nodule organogenesis remain largely unexplored.
We functionally investigated a novel pectate lyase enzyme, GmNPLa, and its transcriptional regulator GmPTF1a/b in soybean (Glycine max), where their regulatory roles in IT development and nodule formation were elucidated through investigation of gene expression patterns, bioinformatics analysis, biochemical verification of genetic interactions, and observation of phenotypic impacts in transgenic soybean plants.
GmNPLa was specifically induced by rhizobium inoculation in root hairs. Manipulation of GmNPLa produced remarkable effects on IT and nodule formation. GmPTF1a/b displayed similar expression patterns as GmNPLa, and manipulation of GmPTF1a/b also severely influenced nodulation traits. LI soybeans with low nodulation phenotypes were nearly restored to HI nodulation level by complementation of GmNPLa and/or GmPTF1a. Further genetic and biochemical analysis demonstrated that GmPTF1a can bind to the E‐box motif to activate transcription of GmNPLa, and thereby facilitate nodulation.
Taken together, our findings potentially reveal novel mediation of cell wall gene expression involving the basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor GmPTF1a/b acts as a key early regulator of nodulation in soybean.
A
bstract
It has been shown recently that the anomalies observed in
B
¯
→
D
*
τ
ν
¯
τ
and
B
¯
→
K
¯
ℓ
+
ℓ
−
decays could be resolved with just one scalar leptoquark. Fitting to the current data on
R
...(
D
(∗)) along with acceptable
q
2
distributions in
B
¯
→
D
∗
τ
ν
¯
τ
decays, four best-fit solutions for the operator coefficients have been found. In this paper, we explore the possibilities of how to discriminate these four solutions. Firstly, we find that two of them are already excluded by the decay
B
c
−
→
τ
−
ν
¯
τ
, because the predicted decay widths have already overshot the total width Γ
B
c . It is then found that the remaining two solutions result in two effective Hamiltonians governing
b
→
c
τ
ν
¯
τ
transition, which differ by a sign and enhance the absolute value of the coefficient of
c
¯
L
γ
μ
b
L
τ
¯
L
γ
μ
ν
τ
L
operator by about 12%. However, they give nearly the same predictions as in the SM for the
D
∗
and τ longitudinal polarizations as well as the lepton forward-backward asymmetries in
B
¯
→
D
∗
τ
ν
¯
τ
decays. For the other observables like
ℬ
B
c
−
→
τ
−
ν
¯
τ
,
ℬ
B
c
−
→
γ
τ
−
ν
¯
τ
,
R
D
∗
q
2
,
d
ℬ
B
¯
→
D
∗
τ
ν
¯
τ
/
d
q
2
and
ℬ
B
c
−
→
X
3
τ
ν
¯
τ
, on the other hand, the two solutions give sizable enhancements relative to the SM predictions. With measurement of
B
c
−
→
τ
−
ν
¯
τ
at LHCb and refined measurements of observables in
B
¯
→
D
∗
τ
ν
¯
τ
at both LHCb and Belle-II, such a specific NP scenario could be further deciphered.
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