Cadmium (Cd) can influence germ cell development, and epigenetic events may be involved. However, there is no study on whether Cd can influence germ cells differentiation into ovarian granulosa cells ...(GCs), and more insight into the molecular mechanism of the effect of Cd on germ cell development from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells into ovarian granulosa cells and investigation of appropriate epigenetic factors are of great importance. In this study, mouse ES cell differentiation into GCs was established in an in vitro model. Subsequently, different Cd concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.3, and 1 and then 3.0, and 10.0 μmol/L were cultured in this in vitro model. We demonstrated that Cd treatment can interrupt ES cell differentiation into GCs by morphology and ultrastructure observation. Four specific markers (octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), Nanog homeobox (Nanog), and Anti-müllerian hormone type II receptor (Amhr2)) were significantly changed as measured by quantitative real-time-PCR or Western blot (p < 0.05). Cd also significantly changed the DNA methylation of GC sites on the CpG island of Nanog according to the sequential mass ARRAYR methylation method (p < 0.05). The MeRIP-qPCR method was used to detect the levels of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation modification of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) 1281 and indicated that they were decreased (p < 0.05). Microarray chip analysis, miRNA screening, and bioinformatics were used to further explore the roles of marker regulation-related miRNAs, and 27 miRNAs were putatively related to Cd-interrupted differentiation in ES cells. These data indicated that Cd can interrupt ES cell differentiation into GCs and affect germ cell development, and the underlying mechanism may involve epigenetic mechanisms.
•Cadmium can disrupt mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation into ovarian GCs.•Cadmium inhibits ES cells differentiation by interfering with transcription factors.•Epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the toxic effects of cadmium on cells.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a causative agent of serious viral enteric disease in suckling pigs. Such diseases cause considerable economic losses in the global swine industry. Enhancing ...our knowledge of PEDV-induced transcriptomic responses in host cells is imperative to understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the immune response. Here, we analyzed the transcriptomic profile of intestinal porcine epithelial cell line J2 (IPEC-J2) after infection with a classical strain of PEDV to explore the host response.
In total, 854 genes were significantly differentially expressed after PEDV infection, including 716 upregulated and 138 downregulated genes. Functional annotation analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the influenza A, TNF signaling, inflammatory response, cytokine receptor interaction, and other immune-related pathways. Next, the putative promoter regions of the 854 differentially expressed genes were examined for the presence of transcription factor binding sites using the MEME tool. As a result, 504 sequences (59.02%) were identified as possessing at least one binding site of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), and five STAT transcription factors were significantly induced by PEDV infection. Furthermore, we revealed the regulatory network induced by STAT members in the process of PEDV infection.
Our transcriptomic analysis described the host genetic response to PEDV infection in detail in IPEC-J2 cells, and suggested that STAT transcription factors may serve as key regulators in the response to PEDV infection. These results further our understanding of the pathogenesis of PEDV.
The Chinese government is piloting canteen services for older adults, but few studies have explored the influence of canteen services on the health of these older adults. This study aimed to ...investigate the impact of canteen services on older adults' general mental health, nutritional status, satisfaction with life, and social capital in rural areas.
This study used a cross-sectional design. We selected 14 villages in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, China, including seven villages with canteen services and seven villages without canteen services. Participants were 284 senior older adults (aged 75~98), including 140 residing in villages with canteen services (Canteen Group CG) and 144 residing in villages without canteen services (Non-Canteen Group NCG). We also divided the CG into two sub-groups according to the funding sources (one receiving government support only, the other receiving government support plus enterprise donations). We used a self-designed questionnaire, including sociodemographics, diet-related items (e.g., satisfaction with the meals, diet expenditure, self-evaluation of meal nutrition), and the four scales including the Chinese version of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the Chinese version of the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form (MNA-SF), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and the Social Capital Questionnaire (SCQ).
The overall mental health, satisfaction with life, and social capital of the CG were better than the NCG (P < 0.05). The nutritional status of these two groups did not show a significant difference. Participants in the CG with financial support from local government and donations from an enterprise with a better dietary diversity exhibited a better nutritional status (P < 0.05); the average satisfaction with diet and self-evaluation of food nutrition of the CG were higher than the NCG (P < 0.05); the ratio of having a diet on time in the CG was higher than that of the NCG (P < 0.05).
The free canteen services provided by the government can improve older adults' satisfaction with life and diet, and mental health status and also enrich their social capital, but this still needs to be future evidenced. More financial support for canteen services is an essential component in promoting successful aging in China.
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•Finding the extension of ablation period and the accelerative warming in TRHR;•Finding runoff increased and seasonal pattern changed;•Finding multiphase water transformation ...influences the runoff recharge sources.
The present study focuses on the influence of multiphase water transformation on the hydrology of the Three-River Headwater Region. Climatic factors, accelerated transformation of water bodies, and changes in runoff patterns were evaluated based on long-term field observations. Subsequently, we estimated that changes in climatic factors have prolonged the ablation period and accelerated warming since 1990. Additionally, the glacier retreat rate during 2001–2013 was accelerated by approximately 16.23% compared with that during 1976–2001, whereas the ratio of snowfall in annual precipitation has decreased by 2.37% since 1990. The beginning of the freezing cycles of lakes along with the complete cycles were delayed. Moreover, snow sublimation significantly increased after 1990. Amplitudes of frost days (number of days with daily minimum temperature below 0°C) during 1991–2019 were eight times higher than those during 1960–1990. Furthermore, the contribution of moisture recycling to precipitation increased by 9.74% from1979 to 1990 to 1991–2019. The variations in actual evaporation increased from −1.257 mm/a during 1980–1990 to 0.865 mm/a during 1991–2017 and the runoff increased by 66.83×108 m3/10a during 1991–2012. July experienced the highest rainfall and runoff. During the multiphase water transformation, the runoff recharge sources changed significantly, thus, changing the historical trend of recharge in the headwaters of rivers only by the glacier snow meltwater by providing a new recharge mode. However, the accelerated multiphase water transformation caused by climate warming increased the challenges in water resource management and flood control in alpine regions.
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are an intriguing class of widely prevalent endogenous RNAs, the vast majority of which have not been characterized functionally. Here, we identified a novel oncogenic ...circRNA originating from the back‐splicing of Exon2 and Exon3 of a tumor suppressor gene, ARHGAP35 (also known as P190‐A), termed as circARHGAP35. have observe that circARHGAP35 and linear ARHGAP35 have antithetical expression and functions. Interestingly, circARHGAP35 contains a 3867 nt long ORF with an m6A‐modified start codon and encodes a truncated protein comprising four FF domains and lacking the Rho GAP domain. Mechanistically, circARHGAP35 protein promotes cancer cell progression by interacting with TFII‐I protein in the nucleus. The RNA binding protein, HNRNPL, facilitates the formation of circARHGAP35. Clinically, circARHGAP35 is associated with poor survival in cancer patients. Our findings characterize an oncogenic circRNA and demonstrate a novel mechanism of oncogene activation in cancer by circRNA through the production of a truncated protein.
Herein, the role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in cancer is investigated. circARHGAP35 and linear ARHGAP35 are observed to have antithetical expression and functions in cancer. circARHGAP35 translates into an oncogenic large protein that binds to TFII‐I and promotes cancer progression, while its linear counterpart encodes a tumor suppressor. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification of circARHGAP35 promotes its protein translation, and HNRNPL boosts the biogenesis of circARHGAP35.
The linear parameter-varying (LPV) model is widely used in aero engine control system design. The conventional local modeling method is inaccurate and inefficient in the full flying envelope. Hence, ...a novel online data-driven LPV modeling method based on the online sequential extreme learning machine (OS-ELM) with an additional multiplying layer (MLOS-ELM) was proposed. An extra multiplying layer was inserted between the hidden layer and the output layer, where the hidden layer outputs were multiplied by the input variables and state variables of the LPV model. Additionally, the input layer was set to the LPV model’s scheduling parameter. With the multiplying layer added, the state space equation matrices of the LPV model could be easily calculated using online gathered data. Simulation results showed that the outputs of the MLOS-ELM matched that of the component level model of a turbo-shaft engine precisely. The maximum approximation error was less than 0.18%. The predictive outputs of the proposed online data-driven LPV model after five samples also matched that of the component level model well, and the maximum predictive error within a large flight envelope was less than 1.1% with measurement noise considered. Thus, the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method were validated.
High-manganese austenitic steel represents an innovative variety of low-temperature steel used in the construction of liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage tanks. This steel boasts remarkable ...characteristics such as exceptional plasticity, superior toughness at cryogenic temperatures, and robust fatigue resistance, all while providing significant cost benefits. By utilizing high-manganese steel, the material manufacturing costs can be considerably lowered, simultaneously ensuring the long-term stability and safety of LNG storage tanks. The alloying design is pivotal in attaining superior performance in high-manganese steel. Choosing the right chemical components to control the stacked fault energy (SFE) of high-manganese steel and fine-tuning its structure can further improve the balance between strength and plasticity. Summarizing the advancements in alloying design for high-manganese steel is of great importance, as it offers a foundational dataset for correlating the chemical composition with the performance. Therefore, this paper outlines the deformation mechanisms and the principles of low-temperature brittleness in high-manganese austenitic steel, and from this foundation, it explicates the precise functions of alloying elements within it. This aims to provide a reference for future alloying designs and the industrial deployment of high-manganese steel in LNG storage tanks.
Metal‐free room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials are of great significance for many applications; however, they usually exhibit low efficiency and weak intensity. This article reports a ...new strategy for the preparation of a high‐efficiency and strong RTP materials from crystalline thermal‐annealed carbon dots (CDs) and boric acid (BA) composite (g‐t‐CD@BA) through grinding‐induced amorphous to crystallization transition. Amorphous thermal‐annealed CDs and BA composite (t‐CD@BA) is prepared following a thermal melting and super‐cooling route, where the CDs are fully dispersed in molten BA liquid and uniformly frozen in an amorphous thermal annealed BA matrix after super‐cooling to room temperature. Upon grinding treatment, the fracture and fragmentation caused by grinding promote the transformation of the high‐energy amorphous state to the lower energy crystalline counterparts. As a result, the CDs are uniformly in situ embedded in the BA crystal matrix. This method affords maximum uniform embedding of the CDs in the BA crystals, decreases nonradiative decay, and promotes intersystem crossing by restraining the free vibration of the CDs, thus producing strong RTP materials with the highest reported phosphorescence quantum yield (48%). Remarkably, RTP from g‐t‐CD@BA powder is strong enough to illuminate items with a delay time exceeding 9 s.
We present a new grinding‐induced amorphous‐to‐crystalline transition method for the preparation of crystalline carbon dots (CDs) and boric acid (BA) composite (g‐t‐CD@BA), that exhibits a world‐record phosphorescence efficiency of 48% and ultra‐strong RTP. Remarkably, the intense green phosphorescence of the g‐t‐CD@BA can illuminate items for more than 9 s to the unaided eye.
•It reviews studies using street view imagery to assess SDGs.•Street view imagery could help assess SDGs 3, 11, 2, and 13.•Element and perception features are often extracted from street view ...imagery.•The greenery view index has been related to many SDGs.•Actions addressing features of street view imagery could help SDGs.
With limited time to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the world needs effective, scalable approaches to measure and monitor global progress toward the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Given that many SDGs are closely related to the environment in which people live, satellite data are commonly used for SDG assessment, but they are only based on a top-down view and have inherent technical issues (e.g., insufficient spatial resolution and cloud coverage). In recent years, street view imagery (SVI), as an emerging source of remote sensing data, has been an indispensable supplement to monitor SDGs, by recording the environment from an eye-level view. However, the systematic and comprehensive understanding of SVI applications to promote SDGs is insufficient. We reviewed SVI-related studies of SDGs and found that SVI is mainly used for good health and well-being (SDG 3), sustainable cities and communities (SDG 11), zero hunger (SDG 2), and climate action (SDG 13). The SVI-based greenery view index was the most common element feature related to SDGs. The SVI-derived human perception features were also often used to assess SDG 3 and SDG 11. Future studies may further investigate the potential mechanisms between SVI-based features and SDGs. This review provides a comprehensive summary and guidance for governments and scholars worldwide to assess SDGs based on SVI in the future.
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