We study the magnetic moments and transition magnetic moments of Pc and Pcs states in the molecular picture. We first revisit the magnetic moments of Pc (4312), Pc (4440), and Pc (4457) as the S-wave ...molecular states without coupled channel effects. The coupled channel effects and the D-wave contributions are then investigated carefully. The coupled channel effects contribute to the change of 0.1∼0.4 nuclear magneton μN for most cases while the D wave only induces the variation of less than 0.03 μN. In addition, we obtain the transition magnetic moments between different P c states and the related electromagnetic decay widths of Pc′ → Pcγ. The magnetic moments of Pcs (4459) are much different for the assumption of spin being 1/2 or 3/2. The study of electromagnetic properties will help us disclose further the structure of these unconventional states.
Visible-light driven photoconversion of CO
into energy carriers is highly important to the natural carbon balance and sustainable development. Demonstrated here is the adenine-dependent CO
...photoreduction performance in green biomimetic metal-organic frameworks. Photocatalytic results indicate that AD-MOF-2 exhibited a very high HCOOH production rate of 443.2 μmol g
h
in pure aqueous solution, and is more than two times higher than that of AD-MOF-1 (179.0 μmol g
h
) in acetonitrile solution. Significantly, experimental and theoretical evidence reveal that the CO
photoreduction reaction mainly takes place at the aromatic nitrogen atom of adenine molecules through a unique o-amino-assisted activation rather than at the metal center. This work not only serves as an important case study for the development of green biomimetic photocatalysts used for artificial photosynthesis, but also proposes a new catalytic strategy for efficient CO
photoconversion.
This study proposes improved tunicate swarm algorithm (ITSA) for solving and optimizing the dynamic economic emission dispatch (DEED) problem. The DEED optimization target is to reduce the fuel cost ...and pollutant emission of the power system. In addition, DEED is a complex optimization problem and contains multiple optimization goals. To strengthen the ability of the ITSA algorithm for solving DEED, the tent mapping is employed to generate initial population for improving the directionality in the optimization process. Meanwhile, the gray wolf optimizer is used to generate the global search vector for improving global exploration ability, and the Levy flight is introduced to expand the search range. Three test systems containing 5, 10 and 15 generator units are employed to verify the solving performance of ITSA. The test results show that the ITSA algorithm can provide a competitive scheduling plan for test systems containing different units. ITSA proposed algorithm gives the optimal economic and environmental dynamic dispatch scheme for achieving more precise dispatch strategy.
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•This study proposes ITSA to solve the dynamic economic emission dispatch problem in power system.•The Tent mapping is used to generate initial population for improving the ITSA directionality in the optimization process.•The gray wolf optimizer is used to generate the global search vector for improving global ITSA optimization ability.•The Levy flight is introduced to expand the ITSA search range.•The results show that the ITSA has better optimization ability and stability.
Background Chronic inflammatory disorders in atrial fibrillation (AF) contribute to the onset of ischemic stroke. Systemic immune inflammation index (SIII) and system inflammation response index ...(SIRI) are the two novel and convenient measurements that are positively associated with body inflammation. However, little is known regarding the association between SIII/SIRI with the presence of AF among the patients with ischemic stroke. Methods A total of 526 ischemic stroke patients (173 with AF and 353 without AF) were consecutively enrolled in our study from January 2017 to June 2019. SIII and SIRI were measured in both groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the potential association between SIII/SIRI and the presence of AF. Finally, the correlation between hospitalization expenses, changes in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores and SIII/SIRI values were measured. Results In patients with ischemic stroke, SIII and SIRI values were significantly higher in AF patients than in non-AF patients (all p < 0.001). Moreover, with increasing quartiles of SIII and SIRI in all patients, the proportion of patients with AF was higher than that of non-AF patients gradually. Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that log-transformed SIII and log-transformed SIRI were independently associated with the presence of AF in patients with ischemic stroke (log-transformed SIII: odds ratio OR: 1.047, 95% confidence interval CI = 0.322-1.105, p = 0.047; log-transformed SIRI: OR: 6.197, 95% CI = 2.196-17.484, p = 0.001). Finally, a positive correlation between hospitalization expenses, changes in the NIHSS scores and SIII/SIRI were found, which were more significant in patients with AF (all p < 0.05). Conclusions Our study suggests SIII and SIRI are convenient and effective measurements for predicting the presence of AF in patients with ischemic stroke. Moreover, they were correlated with increased financial burden and poor short-term prognosis in AF patients presenting with ischemic stroke. Keywords: Atrial fibrillation, Systemic immune inflammation index, Systemic inflammation response index, Ischemic stroke
Cushing's disease, also known as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary adenomas (PAs) that cause excess cortisol production, accounts for up to 85% of corticotrophin-dependent ...Cushing's syndrome cases. However, the genetic alterations in this disease are unclear. Here, we performed whole-exome sequencing of DNA derived from 12 ACTH-secreting PAs and matched blood samples, which revealed three types of somatic mutations in a candidate gene, USP8 (encoding ubiquitin-specific protease 8), exclusively in exon 14 in 8 of 12 ACTH-secreting PAs. We further evaluated somatic USP8 mutations in additional 258 PAs by Sanger sequencing. Targeted sequencing further identified a total of 17 types of USP8 variants in 67 of 108 ACTH-secreting PAs (62.04%). However, none of these mutations was detected in other types of PAs (n = 150). These mutations aggregate within the 14-3-3 binding motif of USP8 and disrupt the interaction between USP8 and 14-3-3 protein, resulting in an elevated capacity to protect EGFR from lysosomal degradation. Accordingly, PAs with mutated USP8 display a higher incidence of EGFR expression, elevated EGFR protein abundance and mRNA expression levels of POMC, which encodes the precursor of ACTH. PAs with mutated USP8 are significantly smaller in size and have higher ACTH production than wild-type PAs. In surgically resected primary USP8-mutated tumor cells, USP8 knockdown or blocking EGFR effectively attenuates ACTH secretion. Taken together, somatic gain-of-function USP8 mutations are common and contribute to ACTH overproduction in Cushing's disease. Inhibition of USP8 or EGFR is promising for treating USP8-mutated corticotrophin adenoma. Our study highlights the potentially functional mutated gene in Cushing's disease and provides insights into the therapeutics of this disease.
This study presents a domain-specific automated machine learning (AutoML) for risk prediction and behaviour assessment, which can be used in the behavioural decision-making and motion trajectory ...planning of autonomous vehicles (AVs). The AutoML enables end-to-end machine learning from vehicle movement and sensing data to detailed risk levels and corresponding behaviour characteristics, which integrates three main components of: unsupervised risk identification by surrogate risk indicators and big data clustering, feature learning based on XGBoost, and model auto-tuning by Bayesian optimisation. Then, the functions and performance of AutoML are evaluated based on NGSIM data, with assumptions of various sensing configurations or data acquisition conditions. AutoML achieves satisfactory results of behaviour-based risk prediction, which has a predictive power of 91.7% overall accuracy for four risk levels, and about 95% accuracy for safe-risk distinction. Bayesian optimisation guides the self-learning of AutoML to get the optimised feature subsets and hyperparameter values. The identification of key features not only produces better performance with fewer computation costs, but also provides data-driven insights about AV design, such as sensor configurations and sensor data mining, from risk decision-making perspectives. The application potentials of AutoML in AVs are discussed.
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are regarded as one of the most important sources of antibiotics in the environment. Two sampling campaigns over a period of one year in two wastewater treatment ...plants (plant A: activated sludge with chlorination, and plant B: oxidation ditch with UV) of Guangdong Province, China were carried out to assess the occurrence and fate of 11 classes of 50 antibiotics. The wastewater samples were extracted by Oasis HLB cartridges (6mL, 500mg), while the solid samples (sludge and suspended solid matter) were extracted by ultrasonic-assisted extraction with solvents (acetonitrile and citric acid buffer), followed by an enrichment and clean-up step with solid-phase extraction using SAX-HLB cartridges in tandem. The results showed the presence of 20 and 17 target compounds in the influents and effluents, respectively, at the concentrations ranging from low ng/L to a few μg/L. Sulfamethoxazole, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, anhydro erythromycin and trimethoprim were most frequently detected in the WWTPs wastewaters. Twenty-one antibiotics were found in the sewage sludge from the two WWTPs at the concentrations up to 5800ng/g, with tetracycline, oxytetracycline, norfloxacin and ofloxacin being the predominant antibiotics. The total mass loads of antibiotics per capita in the two plants ranged from 494 to 901μg/d/inhabitant (672±182μg/d/inhabitant) in the influents, from 130 to 238μg/d/inhabitant (175±45μg/d/inhabitant) in the effluents and from 107 to 307μg/d/inhabitant (191±87.9μg/d/inhabitant) in the dewatered sludge, respectively. The aqueous removals for sulfonamides, macrolides, trimethoprim, lincomycin and chloramphenicol in the WWTPs were mainly attributed to the degradation processes, while those for tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones were mainly due to the adsorption onto sludge.
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•Twenty and 17 target antibiotics were found in the influents and effluents.•Twenty-one antibiotics (up to 5800ng/g) were found in sewage sludge from two WWTPs.•Mass loads of antibiotics per capita in the two plants were calculated.•Sulfonamides, macrolides, trimethoprim and lincomycin were removed by biodegradation.•Tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones were mainly adsorbed to the sludge.
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a tumor virus that is associated with a variety of neoplasms, including EBV-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC). Recently, EBV was reported to generate various circular ...RNAs (circRNAs). CircRNAs are important regulators of tumorigenesis by modulating the malignant behaviors of tumor cells. However, to date, the functions of ebv-circRNAs in EBVaGC remain poorly understood. In the present study, we observed high ebv-circRPMS1 expression in EBVaGC and showed that ebv-circRPMS1 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion and inhibited the apoptosis of EBVaGC cells. In addition, METTL3 was upregulated in GC cells overexpressing ebv-circRPMS1. Mechanistically, ebv-circRPMS1 bound to Sam68 to facilitate its physical interaction with the METTL3 promotor, resulting in the transactivation of METTL3 and cancer progression. In clinical EBVaGC samples, ebv-circRPMS1 was associated with distant metastasis and a poor prognosis. Based on these findings, ebv-circRPMS1 contributed to EBVaGC progression by recruiting Sam68 to the METTL3 promoter to induce METTL3 expression. ebv-circRPMS1, Sam68, and METTL3 might serve as therapeutic targets for EBVaGC.
•ebv-circRPMS1 promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion, and anti-apoptosis abilities of EBVaGC cells.•ebv-circRPMS1 performed its effects by recruiting the Sam68 to the promoter of METTL3 and enhancing its transcription.•In clinical EBVaGC samples, ebv-circRPMS1 was associated with distant metastasis and poor prognosis.
Objective
We aimed to characterise glioblastomas of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) that were isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild type (wt) and H3wt.
Materials and Methods
Fifty such patients ...(aged 16–32) were studied by methylation profiling, targeted sequencing and targeted RNA‐seq.
Results
Tumours predominantly clustered into three methylation classes according to the terminology of Capper et al. (2018): (anaplastic) pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) (21 cases), GBM_midline (15 cases) and glioblastoma RTK/mesenchymal (seven cases). Two cases clustered with ANA_PA, four cases with LGG classes and one with GBM_MYCN. Only fifteen cases reached a calibrated score >0.84 when the cases were uploaded to DKFZ Classifier. GBM_midline‐clustered tumours had a poorer overall survival (OS) compared with the PXA‐clustered tumours (p = 0.030). LGG‐clustered cases had a significantly better survival than GBM_midline‐clustered tumours and glioblastoma RTK/mesenchymal‐clustered tumours. Only 13/21 (62%) of PXA‐clustered cases were BRAF V600E mutated. Most GBM_midline‐clustered cases were not located in the midline. GBM_midline‐clustered cases were characterised by PDGFRA amplification/mutation (73.3%), mutations of mismatch repair genes (40.0%), and all showed H3K27me3 and EZH1P loss, and an unmethylated MGMT promoter. Across the whole cohort, MGMT promoter methylation and wt TERT promoter were favourable prognosticators. Mismatch repair gene mutations were poor prognosticators and together with methylation class and MGMT methylation, maintained their significance in multivariate analyses. BRAF mutation was a good prognosticator in the PXA‐clustered tumours.
Conclusion
Methylation profiling is a useful tool in the diagnosis and prognostication of AYA glioblastomas, and the methylation classes have distinct molecular characteristics. The usual molecular diagnostic criteria for adult IDHwt glioblastoma should be applied with caution within the AYA age group.
We studied a cohort of IDH‐wildtype, H3‐wildtype glioblastomas of adolescents and young adults (AYA) with genome‐wide DNA methylation profiling, targeted sequencing and TERT promoter sequencing. We found that AYA glioblastomas can be separated into clinically significant groups by methylation profiling and these groups have distinct molecular features. TERT promoter mutation, EGFR amplification and combined whole chromosome +7/−10 are not common in this cohort. And, MGMT methylation, TERTp mutation and MMR mutation are prognostic significance.
Attention has recently paid to the interaction of triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) and body tissues, particularly within the reproductive and development systems, due to its endocrine‐disrupting ...properties. However, the acute effects of TPHP on early embryonic development remain unclear. Here, we used mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) and zebrafish embryos to investigate whether TPHP is an embryo toxicant. First, we found that continuous exposure of TPHP decreased the proliferation and increased the apoptotic populations of mESCs in a concentration‐dependent manner. Results of mass spectrometry showed that the intracellular concentration of TPHP reached 39.45 ± 7.72 µg/g w/w after 3 hr of acute exposure with TPHP (38.35 μM) but gradually decreased from 3 hr to 48 hr. Additionally, DNA damage was detected in mESCs after a short‐term treatment with TPHP, which in turn, activated DNA damage responses, leading to cell cycle arrest by changing the expression levels of p53, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and Y15‐phosphorylated Cdk I. Furthermore, our results revealed that short‐term treatment with TPHP disturbed cardiac differentiation by decreasing the expression levels of Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog and transiently reduced the glycolysis capacity in mESCs. In zebrafish embryos, exposure to TPHP resulted in broad, concentration‐dependent developmental defects and coupled with heart malformation and reduced heart rate. In conclusion, the two models demonstrate that acute exposure to TPHP affects early embryonic development and disturbs the cardiomyogenic differentiation.
Acute exposure of triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) on mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) induced transient DNA damage, which activated DNA damage responses, leading to cell cycle arrest by changing the expression levels of p53, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and Y15‐phosphorylated Cdk I. Our results revealed that short‐term treatment with TPHP disturbed the cardiac differentiation and reduced the glycolysis capacity transiently in mESCs by decreasing the expression level of Oct4‐Sox2‐Nanog transcriptional regulatory networks.
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