Photocatalysis holds great promise as an efficient and sustainable oxidation technology for application in wastewater treatment. Rapid progress developing novel materials has propelled photocatalysis ...to the forefront of sustainable wastewater treatments. This review presents the latest progress on applications of photocatalytic wastewater treatment. Our focus is on strategies for improving performance. Challenges and outlooks in this promising field are also discussed. We hope this review will help researchers design low-cost and high-efficiency photocatalysts for water treatment.
Measuring soot concentration in a burner flame is essential for an in-depth understanding of the formation mechanism and to abate its generation. This paper presents an improved emission spectroscopy ...(ES) method that uses an adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO) algorithm for measuring the concentration of soot in methane burner flames. Experimental tests were conducted on a laboratory-scale facility under a methane flowrate ranging between 0.6 and 0.9 L/min. A comparison analysis of the soot concentration measured by the ES method, the improved emission spectroscopy (IES) method, and the thermocouple particle density (TPD) method (as a reference) was conducted. The ES method obtained a maximum absolute deviation of 0.84 ppm from the average soot concentration at the three measurement points compared to the TPD method, while that of the IES was only 0.09 ppm. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed IES method can obtain a more accurate soot concentration of diffusion flames.
•YBX1 is highly expressed in pan-cancer and is associated with poor prognosis in many tumors, suggesting its potential as a prognostic marker for cancers.•YBX1 significantly impacts the infiltration ...of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.•YBX1 might be involved in regulating tumor lipid metabolism, further affecting tumor growth.•YBX1 can serve as a key therapeutic target for anti-tumor treatments, with targeting YBX1 effectively inhibiting the growth and proliferation of liver cancer cells.
Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) is a DNA/RNA binding protein known to contribute to the progression of various malignancies, however, a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis to investigate YBX1 across a broad spectrum of cancer types has not yet been conducted.
We utilized the TIMER database for a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis and assessed YBX-1 expression via the TCGA and GEO databases. The relationship between YBX-1 expression and tumor-infiltrating cells was examined using TIMER and the R programming language. To evaluate the prognostic value of YBX1, we performed Kaplan-Meier plots and Cox regression analyses. Through LinkedOmics, we identified genes significantly correlated with YBX-1. The WEB-based Gene SeT AnaLysis Toolkit was used for KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Additionally, using shRNA-mediated knockdown, we explored the potential role of YBX1 in tumor cell biology.
Our study identifies pronounced overexpression of YBX-1 across multiple cancer types, correlating with adverse outcomes, notably in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC). A distinct association between elevated YBX-1 expression and heightened immune cell infiltration suggests YBX-1′s potential role in reshaping the tumor microenvironment. Intriguingly, our KEGG pathway analysis indicated a tight nexus between YBX-1 expression and lipid metabolism. Moreover, the suppression of YBX-1 via shRNA revealed diminished cellular proliferation and marked reductions in crucial molecules steering the fatty acid synthesis pathway, implicating YBX-1′s potential regulatory role in lipid metabolism within LIHC.
YBX-1 serves as a favorable prognostic indicator in various cancers, particularly in liver hepatocellular carcinoma. Targeting YBX1 in HCC offers potential therapeutic strategies. This work paves the way for fresh insights into targeted therapeutic approaches for cancers, especially benefiting liver hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
Wildfires, as an environmental filter, are pivotal ecological disturbances that reshape plant communities and soil dynamics, playing a crucial role in regulating biogeographic patterns and ecosystem ...services. In this study, we aim to explore the effects of wildfires on forest ecosystems, specifically focusing on the plant-soil feedback mechanisms within the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Utilizing Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM), we investigated the interrelationships among soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, species diversity, and community stability at varying post-fire recovery stages (5, 15, and 23 years). Results indicated that in the early recovery stages, rapid changes in soil properties such as decreased pH (p < 0.001) and increased nutrient availability facilitate the emergence of early successional species with high resource utilization traits. As the ecosystem evolved toward a climax community, the soil and vegetation exhibit increased stability. Furthermore, soil enzyme activities displayed dynamic patterns that corresponded with changes in soil nutrient content, directly influencing the regeneration and diversity of plant communities. Importantly, our study documented a transition in the influence of soil properties on community stability from direct positive effects in initial recovery phases to negative impacts in later stages, while indirect benefits accrue through increased species diversity and enzyme activity. Vegetation composition and structure changed dynamically with recovery time during community succession. Plant nutrient absorption and accumulation affected nutrient dynamics in the soil, influencing plant regeneration, distribution, and diversity. Our results underscore the complex interactions between soil and vegetation that drive the recovery dynamics post-wildfire, highlighting the resilience of forest ecosystems to fire disturbances. This study contributes to the understanding of post-fire recovery processes and offers valuable insights for the management and restoration of fire-affected forest ecosystems.
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the most common and lethal subtype of lung cancer, continues to be a major health concern worldwide. Despite advances in targeted and immune therapies, only a minority of ...patients derive substantial benefits. As a result, the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies to improve lung cancer treatment outcomes remains undiminished.
In our study, we employed the TIMER database to scrutinize TNFSF11 expression across various cancer types. We further examined the differential expression of TNFSF11 in normal and tumor tissues utilizing the TCGA-LUAD dataset and tissue microarray, and probed the associations between TNFSF11 expression and clinicopathological parameters within the TCGA-LUAD dataset. We used the GSE31210 dataset for external validation. To identify genes strongly linked to TNFSF11, we engaged LinkedOmics and conducted a KEGG pathway enrichment analysis using the WEB-based Gene SeT AnaLysis Toolkit. Moreover, we investigated the function of TNFSF11 through gene knockdown or overexpression approaches and explore its function in tumor cells. The therapeutic impact of ferroptosis inducers in tumors overexpressing TNFSF11 were also investigated through in vivo and in vitro experiments. Through these extensive analyses, we shed light on the potential role of TNFSF11 in lung adenocarcinoma, underscoring potential therapeutic targets for this malignancy.
This research uncovers the overexpression of TNFSF11 in LUAD patients and its inverse correlation with peroxisome-related enzymes. By utilizing gene knockdown or overexpression assays, we found that TNFSF11 was negatively associated with GPX4. Furthermore, cells with TNFSF11 overexpression were relatively more sensitive to the ferroptosis inducers.
Our research has provided valuable insights into the role of TNFSF11, revealing its negative regulation of GPX4, which could be influential in crafting therapeutic strategies. These findings set the stage for further exploration into the mechanisms underpinning the relationship between TNFSF11 and GPX4, potentially opening up new avenues for precision medicine in the treatment of LUAD.
Vehicle exhaust has been acknowledged as an essential factor affecting human health due to the extensive use of cars. Its main components include volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides ...(NOx), which can cause acute irritation and chronic diseases, and significant research on the treatment of vehicle exhaust has received increasing attention in recent decades. Recently, photocatalytic technology has been considered a practical approach for eliminating vehicle emissions. This review highlights the crucial role of photocatalytic technology in eliminating vehicle emissions using semiconductor catalysts. A particular emphasis has been placed on various photocatalytic materials, such as TiO2-based materials, Bi-based materials, and Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs), and their recent advances in the performance of VOC and NOx photodegradation. In addition, the applications of photocatalytic technology for the elimination of vehicle exhaust are presented (including photocatalysts combined with pavement surfaces, making photocatalysts into architectural coatings and photoreactors), which will offer a promising strategy for photocatalytic technology to remove vehicle exhaust.
Coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) has recently emerged as a major cause of hand, foot and mouth disease in children worldwide but no vaccine is available against CVA6 infections. Here, we demonstrate the ...isolation of two forms of stable CVA6 particles-procapsid and A-particle-with excellent biochemical stability and natural antigenicity to serve as vaccine candidates. Despite the presence (in A-particle) or absence (in procapsid) of capsid-RNA interactions, the two CVA6 particles have essentially identical atomic capsid structures resembling the uncoating intermediates of other enteroviruses. Our near-atomic resolution structure of CVA6 A-particle complexed with a neutralizing antibody maps an immune-dominant neutralizing epitope to the surface loops of VP1. The structure-guided cell-based inhibition studies further demonstrate that these loops could serve as excellent targets for designing anti-CVA6 vaccines.Coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) causes hand, foot and mouth disease in children. Here the authors present the CVA6 procapsid and A-particle cryo-EM structures and identify an immune-dominant neutralizing epitope, which can be exploited for vaccine development.
Photocatalysis has been recently developed and implemented in various areas. Almost all reported works still focus on the fundamental studies on a lab scale, due to the limitations of the low quantum ...efficiency under solar light. The key to overcome the low photocatalytic activity is in improving the separation of photogenerated charge carriers. Various approaches have been adopted and reported, among which the loading of noble metal nanoparticles onto the surface has been recognized as an effective method in promoting the photocatalytic activity of a substrate. Not only can metal nanoparticles suppress the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers, but they can also be activated by visible light photons to produce the surface plasmonic resonance effect. The primarily studied plasmonic metals are silver, gold and platinum. Recently, our group and other groups have found that palladium may be another promising plasmonic metal in improving the visible light-driven photocatalytic activity. In this review, most of reported works on palladium enhanced plasmonic photocatalysis have been comprehensively reviewed and will serve as a good reference to guide future works.
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•Fundamentals of plasmonic photocatalysis have been comprehensively introduced.•Recent development on palladium based plasmonic photocatalysis has been summarized.•Advantages and disadvantages of palladium based photocatalysis have been discussed.•Future works on palladium based photocatalysis were suggested.
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•Reactive oxidation species for BBS were explored and clarified.•No OH radicals were produced for most BBS systems.•Holes may be more effective in photocatalytic oxidation for BBS.
...Bismuth-based semiconductors (BBS) are a group of promising candidates applied to visible light-induced photocatalysis. With deep positions of valence bands (2.34–4.04 eV), BBS exhibited excellent activity in oxidation processes. Fundamental studies on the reactive oxidation species primarily focused on TiO2 under ultraviolet, and it was recognized that OH radicals were effective reactive oxidative species in photocatalytic oxidation processes. This verdict may not be applicable for all other photocatalytic systems. In this study, the reactive oxidation species for BBS in the photocatalytic decomposition of phenol were explored. BBS were prepared with Hierarchical structures and high crystallinity. It was found that OH radicals and superoxide radicals were negligibly produced in most BBS photocatalytic systems. Instead, separated holes on the valence band may directly react with adsorbed species including organics, and acted as the primary ROS. One of the possible explanations of this phenomenon may be due to the shorter lifetime of photogenerated charge carriers on most BBS (212.3–415.7 ms) compared to that of TiO2 (1193.8 ms). Photocatalytic reaction pathways of degradation of phenol were also different between BBS and TiO2, which were proposed. This work shed light on the significance of addressing and clarifying the reactive oxidation species in BBS photocatalysis.
Recent development on MoS2-based photocatalysis: A review Li, Zizhen; Meng, Xiangchao; Zhang, Zisheng
Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. C, Photochemistry reviews,
June 2018, 2018-06-00, 20180601, Volume:
35
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
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•MoS2 based photo(electro)-catalysis is comprehensively reviewed.•Its applications in various photocatalytic areas are summarized.•Possible approaches to solve exhibited problems are ...listed and discussed.
MoS2-based photocatalysts attract wide attention as they possess a suitable band gap for visible-light harvesting, making it a promising earth-abundant photocatalyst for hydrogen production, environmental remediation, and photosynthesis. However, the rapid recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, limited quantity of active edge sites, and difficult photocatalyst separation and recycling hinder the practical application of this material. In this review, recent development of MoS2-based photocatalysts in various photocatalytic applications is summarized. In addition, possible approaches to enhance photocatalytic activity and separate photocatalysts from reaction media are discussed to provide a future direction in highly efficient photocatalyst design.
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