The quantum state control or entanglement preparation for macroscopic matter is an attractive research. Optomechanical system provides an ideal platform to observe the quantum behaviors of ...macroscopic matter. In this paper, we present a scheme to implement the average excitation fluctuations transfer between two membranes in an optomechanical system via shortcut to adiabatic passage which is based on transitionless quantum driving. In order to quickly attain the transfer, we choose a suitable evolution path and optimize the experimental parameters. Numerical simulation demonstrates that the proposed scheme is robust against membrane damping and cavity decay. Furthermore, this idea can be used to generate entanglement of two membrane modes in a short time. Finally, we also discuss the experimental implementation of this scheme. This work may provide a new method for generating the macroscopic superposition state in the optomechanical system.
Smarandache initiated neutrosophic sets (NSs) as a tool for handling undetermined information. Wang et al. proposed single valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs) that is an especial NSs and can be used ...expediently to deal with real-world problems. In this paper, we propose single valued neutrosophic rough sets by combining single valued neutrosophic sets and rough sets. We study the hybrid model by constructive and axiomatic approaches. Firstly, by using the constructive approach, we propose the lower/upper single valued neutrosophic approximation operators and illustrate the connections between special single valued neutrosophic relations (SVNRs) and the lower/upper single valued neutrosophic approximation operators. Then, by using the axiomatic approach, we discuss the operator-oriented axiomatic characterizations of single valued neutrosophic rough sets. We obtain that different axiom sets of the lower/upper single valued neutrosophic set-theoretic operators guarantee the existence of different classes of SVNRs which produce the same operators. Finally, we introduce single valued neutrosophic rough sets on two-universes and an algorithm of decision making based on single valued neutrosophic rough sets on two-universes, and use an illustrative example to demonstrate the application of the proposed model.
A "Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)" monkeypox outbreak was declared by the World Health Organization on 23 June 2022. More than 16,000 monkeypox cases were reported in more ...than 75 countries across six regions as of July 25. The Bayesian SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered) model with the directed acyclic graphic method was used to estimate the basic/effective reproductive number (R
/R
) and to assess the epidemic spread of monkeypox across the globe. The maximum estimated R
/R
was 1.16 (1.15-1.17), 1.20 (1.20-1.20), 1.34 (1.34-1.35), 1.33 (1.33-1.33) and 2.52 (2.41-2.66) in the United States, Spain, Brazil, the United Kingdom and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, respectively. The values of R
/R
were below 1 after August 2022. The estimated infectious time before isolation ranged from 2.05 to 2.74 days. The PHEIC of the global spreading of human monkeypox has been contained so as to avoid a pandemic in the light of the reasoning-based epidemic model assessment.
Imatinib is a crucial therapeutic strategy against chronic myeloid leukemia. Though superficial edema is a common adverse effect of imatinib, massive fluid retention is rarely reported. Here, we ...report the case of an adolescent who had tolerated imatinib for a long time, and then presented with massive pleural/pericardial effusion during an episode of Campylobacter jejuni bacteremia. A stepwise and comprehensive survey excluded all other plausible causes of disease. The Naranjo scale was used to assess the probability of an adverse effect of medication, and the score turned out to be 9, indicating severe fluid retention to be a definite reaction to imatinib. Drug discontinuation, antibiotic administration, and invasive procedures improved this condition. After this episode, the patient could tolerate imatinib again, illustrating the transient and reversible nature of this reaction. Since prolonged imatinib usage is crucial for chronic myeloid leukemia control, alertness to drug-related adverse effects is recommended, even if the subject has previously shown a good tolerance to the drug due to various physical conditions, especially physiological stressors, like infection or inflammation.
Objectives
To elucidate the impact of
18
FFDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) vs. CT workup on staging and prognostic evaluation of clinical stage (c) I-II NSCLC.
Methods
...We retrospectively identified 659 cI-II NSCLC who underwent CT (267 patients) or preoperative CT followed by PET/CT (392 patients), followed by curative-intended complete resection in our hospital from January 2008 to December 2013. Differences were assessed between preoperative and postoperative stage. Five-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier approach and compared with log-rank test. Impact of preoperative PET/CT on survival was assessed by Cox regression analysis.
Results
The study included 659 patients mean age, 59.5 years ± 10.8 (standard deviation); 379 men. The PET/CT group was superior over CT group in DFS 12.6 vs. 6.9 years, HR 0.67 (95% CI 0.53–0.84),
p
< 0.001 and OS 13.9 vs. 10.5 years, HR 0.64 (95% CI 0.50–0.81),
p
< 0.001. In CT group, more patients thought to have cN0 migrated to pN1/2 disease as compared with PET/CT group 26.4% (66/250) vs. 19.2% (67/349),
p
< 0.001, resulting in more stage cI cases being upstaged to pII–IV 24.7% (49/198) vs. 16.1% (47/292),
p
= 0.02, yet this was not found in cII NSCLC 27.5% (19/69) vs. 27.0% (27/100),
p
= 0.94. Cox regression analysis identified preoperative PET/CT as an independent prognostic factor of OS and DFS (
p
= 0.002, HR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.54–0.88;
p
= 0.004, HR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.58–0.90).
Conclusion
Addition of preoperative
18
FFDG PET/CT was associated with superior DFS and OS in resectable cI–II NSCLC, which may result from accurate staging and stage-appropriate therapy.
Euphorbia neriifolia L. is widely distributed in India, Thailand, and China and has been used to treat diseases such as rotten sores and asthma as well as for its antidiabetic and anticancer effects. ...In this study, seven undescribed triterpenes, including six euphanes, neritriterpenols A-B and D-G, and a tirucallane, neritriterpenol C, together with four known triterpenes, were isolated from ethanolic extracts of E. neriifolia stems. Their structures with absolute configurations were determined through detailed spectroscopic data, including 1D and 2D NMR data analyses, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, ECD spectra, and DP4+ NMR data calculations as well as Mo2(OAc)4-induced ECD analysis. Furthermore, preliminarily evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects of the isolated triterpenes leads to the structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies implying that the unsaturated functional group at the end of the C17 side chain on euphane-type triterpenes may be correlated with the increase of anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities.
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•Seven undescribed triterpenes were isolated from ethanolic extracts of Euphorbia neriifolia stems.•Structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses including NMR spectra, X-ray diffraction analysis, ECD spectra, DP4+ NMR data calculations, and Mo2(OAc)4-induced ECD analysis.•The anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities of the isolates were evaluated.
Evaluating the magnitude of overdiagnosis associated with stool-based service screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) beyond a randomized controlled trial is often intractable and understudied. We aim ...to estimate the proportion of overdiagnosis in population-based service screening programs for CRC with the fecal immunochemical test (FIT). The natural process of overdiagnosis-embedded disease was first built up to learn transition parameters that quantify the pathway of non-progressive and progressive screen-detected cases calibrated with sensitivity, while also taking competing mortality into account. The Markov algorithms were then developed for estimating these transition parameters based on Taiwan FIT service CRC screening data on 5,417,699 residents aged 50-69 years from 2004 to 2014. Following the digital twin design with the parallel universe structure for emulating the randomized controlled trial, the screened twin, mirroring the control group without screening, was virtually recreated by the application of the above-mentioned trained parameters to predict CRC cases containing overdiagnosis. The ratio of the predicted CRCs derived from the screened twin to the observed CRCs of the control group minus 1 was imputed to measure the extent of overdiagnosis. The extent of overdiagnosis for invasive CRCs resulting from FIT screening is 4.16% (95% CI: 2.61-5.78%). The corresponding figure is increased to 9.90% (95% CI: 8.41-11.42%) for including high grade dysplasia (HGD) and further inflated to 15.83% (95% CI: 15.23-16.46%) when the removal adenoma is considered. The modest proportion of overdiagnosis modelled by the digital twin method, dispensing with the randomized controlled trial design, suggests the harm done to population-based FIT service screening is negligible.
Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is involved in the pathophysiology of stroke. Previous studies have shown that MMP-2 activity is increased in stroke; however, evidence of epigenetic regulation of ...the MMP-2 in stroke is still limited. We examined methylation of the MMP-2 promoter in patients with ischemic stroke. This study included 298 patients with ischemic stroke and 258 age-matched and sex-matched controls. MMP-2 promoter methylation levels were measured by pyrosequencing at eight potential cytosine-guanine (CpG) sites. Multivariate regression analysis was used to adjust for general stroke risk factors, and the specific effects of sex and stroke subtype were analysed. The methylation levels of MMP-2 in the peripheral blood of the patients with stroke were lower than controls in all eight CpG sites, especially at site 1, site 5, site 7, and site 8 (adjusted p=0.036, 0.002, 0.021, and 0.041, respectively). In subgroup analysis by sex, a significant association was found only in men but not in women. When the stroke subtype was considered, men with small-vessel stroke had significantly lower methylation levels at all MMP-2 CpG sites than the controls (3.01% vs 3.65%, adjusted p=0.018). Although men with large-artery atherosclerosis stroke also had lower MMP-2 methylation levels, no significant difference was found (3.25% vs 3.65%, adjusted p=0.253). Demethylation of the MMP-2 promoter in patients with ischemic stroke was in a sex and stroke subtype-specific manners. These findings may add to the understanding of epigenetic modification of MMP-2 on ischemic stroke.
...the advancement of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology has expanded our understanding of heterogeneous tissues, especially mammalian embryos and reproductive organs (Shami et al., ...2020; Xiang et al., 2020; Yan et al., 2013). scRNA-seq is an unbiased method that can sequence thousands of cells in a single experiment, as well as obtain thousands of individual features per cell and provide ultrahigh-resolution transcriptomes of animal tissues and organs (Choi & Kim, 2019). Germ and somatic cells were grouped according to the marker genes in sheep, mice, humans, and monkeys, and six somatic cell groups and ten germ cell subgroups were determined. To explore whether this condition is prevalent in adolescent dairy goat testes, we analyzed and examined the Sertoli cell population (Clusters 1, 2, and 6 in Figure 1Aii), Leydig cell population (Cluster 4 in Figure 1Aii), and myoid cell population (Cluster 0 in Figure 1Aii). During spermatogenesis, genes showing significant changes in expression were mainly enriched in the Notch, Hippo, and TGF-ß signaling pathways, as well as the signaling pathway regulating the pluripotency of stem cells (Figure
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