Ionogels have gained increasing attentions as a flexible conductive material. However, it remains a big challenge to integrate multiple functions into one gel that can be widely applied in various ...complex scenes. Herein, a kind of multifunctional ionogels with a combination of desirable properties, including transparency, high stretchability, solvent and temperature resistance, recyclability, high conductivity, underwater self‐healing ability, and underwater adhesiveness is reported. The ionogels are prepared via one‐step photoinitiated polymerization of 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl acrylate and acrylamide in a hydrophobic ionic liquid. The abundant noncovalent interactions including hydrogen bonding and ion–dipole interactions endow the ionogels with excellent mechanical strength, resilience, and rapid self‐healing capability at room temperature, while the fluorine‐rich polymeric matrix brings in high tolerance against water and various organic solvents, as well as tough underwater adhesion on different substrates. Wearable strain sensors based on the ionogels can sensitively detect and differentiate large body motions, such as bending of limbs, walking and jumping, as well as subtle muscle movements, such as pronunciation and pulse. It is believed that the designed ionogels will show great promises in wearable devices and ionotronics.
A physically crosslinked multifunctional ionogel is designed and prepared via a simple one‐step photoinitiated polymerization of a fluorinated monomer and a hydrogen bond enabling comonomer in a hydrophobic ionic liquid. The ionogels possess excellent comprehensive performance, including high transparency, robust mechanical properties, self‐healing and self‐adhesion in air/underwater, easy recyclability, solvent tolerance, and sensitive and reliable strain sensing.
Since December 2019, an epidemic caused by novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection has occurred unexpectedly in China. As of 8 pm, 31 January 2020, more than 20 pediatric cases have been reported in ...China. Of these cases, ten patients were identified in Zhejiang Province, with an age of onset ranging from 112 days to 17 years. Following the latest
National recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia caused by 2019-nCoV
(the 4th edition) and current status of clinical practice in Zhejiang Province, recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory infection caused by 2019-nCoV for children were drafted by the National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, the National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine to further standardize the protocol for diagnosis and treatment of respiratory infection in children caused by 2019-nCoV.
High‐performance thermal insulating aerogels are attractive candidates for thermal protection in extreme environments. However, inorganic aerogels’ brittleness and poor machinability limit their ...applications, while organic aerogels suffer from severe strength degradation and structural collapse at high temperatures. Herein, for the first time, a thermo‐responsive self‐ceramifiable aerogel is demonstrated with exceptional strengthening and thermal insulation at high temperatures. This aerogel exhibits excellent toughness and processability like polymers under normal conditions but spontaneously transforms into high‐strength semi‐crystalline hard ceramics upon exposure to high temperatures. After prolonged thermal attack at 800 °C, the strength of the aerogels does not decrease but significantly increases several‐fold (from 0.739 to 2.726 MPa). The self‐ceramization behavior and mechanism of the aerogel are illustrated in detail. The unique self‐ceramifiable capacity enables aerogels to provide fire resistance, high‐strength support, and excellent thermal insulation at ultrahigh temperatures. Even with continuous burning at 1300 °C for 60 min, the 15 mm thick aerogel shows low backside temperature below 300 °C, crack‐free overall structure, and invariant porous morphology. This self‐ceramifiable aerogel opens up a new avenue for developing thermal‐protection materials with toughness, machinability, high strength, and thermal insulation in extreme environments.
A new thermo‐responsive self‐ceramifiable aerogel is for the first time reported with exceptional strengthening and thermal insulation at high temperatures. Under normal conditions, the aerogel exhibits excellent toughness and machinability. Upon exposure to high temperatures, the aerogel spontaneously and rapidly transforms into robust semi‐crystalline hard ceramics, thus leading to fire resistance, high strength, and thermal insulation in extreme environments.
The development of stretchable/soft electronics requires power sources that can match their stretchability. In this study, a highly stretchable, transparent, and environmentally stable triboelectric ...nanogenerator with ionic conductor electrodes (iTENG) is reported. The ion‐conducting elastomer (ICE) electrode, together with a dielectric elastomer electrification layer, allows the ICE‐iTENG to achieve a stretchability of 1036% and transmittance of 91.5%. Most importantly, the ICE is liquid solvent‐free and thermally stable up to 335 °C, avoiding the dehydration‐induced performance degradation of commonly used hydrogels. The ICE‐iTENG shows no decrease in electrical output even after storing at 100 °C for 15 h. Biomechanical motion energies are demonstrated to be harvested by the ICE‐iTENG for powering wearable electronics intermittently without extra power sources. An ICE‐iTENG‐based pressure sensor is also developed with sensitivity up to 2.87 kPa−1. The stretchable ICE‐iTENG overcomes the strain‐induced performance degradation using percolated electrical conductors and liquid evaporation‐induced degradation using ion‐conducting hydrogels/ionogels, suggesting great promising applications in soft/stretchable electronics under a relatively wider temperature range.
Stretchable, transparent, and thermally stable triboelectric nanogenerators are reported based on solvent‐free ion‐conducting elastomer electrodes, achieving excellent environmental stability and overcoming the dehydration issue of commonly used hydrogel electrodes
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which hold great promise for sustainably powering wearable electronics by harvesting distributed mechanical energy, are still severely limited by their ...unsatisfactory power density, small capacitance, and high internal impedance. Herein, a materials optimization strategy is proposed to achieve a high performance of TENGs and to lower the matching impedance simultaneously. A permittivity-tunable electret composite film, i.e., a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrix with polyethylene glycol (PEG) additives and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) nanoparticle inclusions, is employed as the triboelectric layer. Through optimizing the dielectric constant of the composite, the injected charge density and internal capacitance of the TENG are significantly enhanced, thus synergistically boosting the output power and reducing the impedance of the TENG. The optimal output power reaches 16.8 mW at an external resistance of 200 kΩ, showing a 17.3 times enhancement in output power and a 90% decline in matching impedance. This work demonstrates a significant progress toward the materials optimization of a triboelectric generator for its practical commercialization.
Soft ionic conductors show great promise in multifunctional iontronic devices, but currently utilized gel materials suffer from liquid leakage or evaporation issues. Here, a dry ion‐conducting ...elastomer with dynamic crosslinking structures is reported. The dynamic crosslinking structures endow it with combined advantageous properties simultaneously, including high ionic conductivity (2.04 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 25 °C), self‐healing capability (96% healing efficiency), stretchability (563%), and transparency (78%). With this ionic conductor as the electrode, two soft iontronic devices (electroluminescent devices and triboelectric nanogenerator tactile sensors) are realized with entirely self‐healing and stretchable capabilities. Due to the absence of liquid materials, the dry ion‐conducting elastomer shows wide operational temperature range, and the iontronic devices achieve excellent stability. These findings provide a promising strategy to achieve highly conductive and multifunctional soft dry ionic conductors, and demonstrate their great potential in soft iontronics or electronics.
Dynamically crosslinked dry ion‐conducting elastomers with exceptional properties of high ionic conductivity, self‐healing capability, stretchability, and transparency are reported. Two self‐healing stretchable iontronic devices (electroluminescent devices and triboelectric nanogenerator tactile sensors) are then realized with excellent environmental stability.
Abstract
Background
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may have prognostic value in bladder cancer for their key role in tumorigenesis and innate immunity.
Methods
Bladder ...cancer transcriptome data and the corresponding clinical data were acquired from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The m6A-immune-related lncRNAs were identified using univariate Cox regression analysis and Pearson correlation analysis. A risk model was established using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analyses, and analyzed using nomogram, time-dependent receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. The differences in infiltration scores, clinical features, and sensitivity to Talazoparib of various immune cells between low- and high-risk groups were investigated.
Results
Totally 618 m6A-immune-related lncRNAs and 490 immune-related lncRNAs were identified from TCGA, and 47 lncRNAs of their intersection demonstrated prognostic values. A risk model with 11 lncRNAs was established by Lasso Cox regression, and can predict the prognosis of bladder cancer patients as demonstrated by time-dependent ROC and Kaplan–Meier analysis. Significant correlations were determined between risk score and tumor malignancy or immune cell infiltration. Meanwhile, significant differences were observed in tumor mutation burden and stemness-score between the low-risk group and high-risk group. Moreover, high-risk group patients were more responsive to Talazoparib.
Conclusions
An m6A-immune-related lncRNA risk model was established in this study, which can be applied to predict prognosis, immune landscape and chemotherapeutic response in bladder cancer.
Electrochromic supercapacitor devices (ESCDs) are highly promising for energy‐saving applications or smart windows, whereas they still require electrical energy inputs. In this study, a self‐charging ...ESCD (SC‐ESCD) based on the ESCD and a sliding‐mode direct‐current triboelectric nanogenerators is successfully proposed. The SC‐ESCD cannot merely convert mechanical sliding kinetic energy into electrical energy and store the electricity in electrochromic supercapacitors but can also show optical responses to the mechanical sliding motions. The prominent electrochemical performances of the SC‐ESCD are confirmed by the high areal capacitance (15.2 mF cm−2 at 0.1 mA cm−2) and stable cycling performance (99% for 5000 cycles). Besides, it can be prepared into arbitrary characters or patterns to adapt to various applications. The study demonstrates a potential approach to develop multifunctional self‐charging power sources which combine energy harvesting, energy storage, and electrochromic functions.
Self‐charging electrochromic supercapacitor devices are demonstrated, which cannot only scavenge and store the sliding kinetic energy but also show optical responses according to the mechanical motions.
Although fossil‐based plastic products have many attractive characteristics, their production has led to severe environmental burdens that require immediate solutions. Despite these plastics being ...non‐natural chemical compounds, they can be degraded and metabolized by some microorganisms, which suggests the potential application of biotechnologies based on the mechanism of plastic biodegradation. In this context, microbe‐based strategies for the degradation, recycling, and valorization of plastic waste offer a feasible approach for alleviating environmental challenges created by the accumulation of plastic waste. This Minireview highlights recent advances in the biotechnology‐based biodegradation of both traditional polymers and bio‐based plastics, focusing on the mechanisms of biodegradation. From an application perspective, this Minireview also summarizes recent progress in the recycling and valorization of plastic waste, which are feasible solutions for tackling the plastic waste dilemma.
Plastic biodegradation: Severe plastic wastes pollution requires immediate remediation. As one green alternative, plastic wastes recycling and valorization based on the principle of biodegradation attracts attention from all relevant fields. With the assistance of biotechnology, it could provide feasible solutions for tackling the plastic waste dilemma.
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