Compressive sensing (CS) is successfully applied in inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging. But, as target rotation rate is not concerned in the CS-based imaging methods, the obtained image ...cannot be scaled in the cross-range dimension. Consequently, difficulties arise in extracting the target geometrical information from the CS ISAR image. But, target geometrical size is an important parameter in automatic radar target recognition. To remedy this problem, a joint ISAR imaging and cross-range scaling method is proposed. In the proposed method, an adaptive parametric dictionary, comprising chirp rate parameter, is used to represent the observed data. By minimizing the reconstruction error, sparsity-constrained optimization, combined with the chirp-rate parameter and target reflective coefficient, is established. To find a solution to the nonlinear and nonconvex optimization problem, an iterative procedure is developed. Finally, with the help of the chirp-rate, target rotation rate can be estimated by the least square method, and the ISAR image can be scaled in cross-range. Experimental results show that the proposed method can fit the observed data better than the method using a fixed Fourier dictionary. Besides, cross-range scaled ISAR images can be obtained with limited pulses.
Brønsted acidic ionic liquids (ILs) as dual catalyst and solvent offer a potential substitute for conventional homogenous/heterogeneous catalysts and solvent for Claisen–Schmidt (CS) condensation ...between acetophenone and benzaldehyde to produce chalcones. The ILs showed good catalytic activities and recycle capabilities. Both the structure of cation and anion of ILs could affect the activity of ILs. The optimized reaction conditions were investigated.
Brønsted acidic ionic liquids (ILs) as dual catalyst and solvent offer potential substitute for conventional homogenous/heterogeneous catalysts and solvent for Claisen–Schmidt(CS) condensation between acetophenone and benzaldehyde to produce chalcones. The ILs showed good catalytic activities and recycle capabilities. Both the structure of cation and anion of ILs could affect the activity of ILs. The optimized reaction conditions were investigated.
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Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) with low cost and high safety are considered as an electrochemical energy storage technology suitable for large-scale energy storage. Hard carbon, which is inexpensive and ...has both high capacity and low sodium storage potential, is regarded as the most promising anode for commercial SIBs. However, the commercialization of hard carbon still faces technical issues of low initial Coulombic efficiency, poor rate performance, and insufficient cycling stability, due to the intrinsically irregular microstructure of hard carbon. To address these challenges, the rational design of the hard carbon microstructure is crucial for achieving high-performance SIBs, via gaining an in-depth understanding of its structure–performance correlations. In this context, our review firstly describes the sodium storage mechanism from the perspective of the hard carbon microstructure's formation. We then summarize the state-of-art development of hard carbon, providing a critical overview of emergence of hard carbon in terms of precursor selection, microstructure design, and electrolyte regulation to optimize strategies for addressing practical problems. Finally, we highlight directions for the future development of hard carbon to achieve the commercialization of high-performance SIBs. We believe this review will serve as basic guidance for the rational design of hard carbon and stimulate more exciting research into other types of energy storage devices.
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•The technical issues hindering the commercialization of hard carbon are summarized.•The sodium storage mechanism of hard carbon in relation to microstructure formation is revealed.•Precursor selection, microstructure design, and electrolyte regulation for hard carbon are reviewed.•Challenges for and perspectives on the future of hard carbon design are presented.
PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate whether bronchial artery can supply a percutaneously inoculated canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) in a lung tumor model. METHODS Fresh CTVT tissue blocks were ...percutaneously inoculated into unilateral or bilateral lungs of six immunosuppressed dogs at the mid zone of the middle or lower lobe. Tumor growth was monitored by computed tomography (CT). Ten weeks after inoculation, pulmonary arterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA), bronchial arterial DSA, transpulmonary arterial contrast-enhanced multislice CT, transbronchial arterial contrast-enhanced multislice CT (BA-MSCT), and transpulmonary arterial lipiodol multislice CT were performed. RESULTS Tumor growth was seen in all 10 inoculated sites, with a maximum diameter of 2.734+ or -0.138 cm at 10th week. Bronchial arterial blood supply was evident in 9 nodules on DSA, and was equivocal in one which was later demonstrated on BA-MSCT. No obvious pulmonary arterial blood supply was observed in any of the nodules. Lipiodol deposition was displayed in two of the small distant metastases, which indicated that pulmonary artery was involved in the supply of the metastases. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated bronchial arterial blood supply in this new lung cancer model. This model may be used in further research on transbronchial arterial intervention for lung cancer.
Origin-destination- (O-D-) based travel time reliability (TTR) is fundamental to next-generation navigation tools aiming to provide both travel time and reliability information. While previous works ...are mostly focused on route-based TTR and use either ad hoc data or simulation in the analyses, this study uses open-source Uber Movement and Weather Underground data to systematically analyze the impact of rainfall intensity on O-D-based travel time reliability. The authors classified three years of travel time data in downtown Boston into one hundred origin-destination pairs and integrated them with the weather data (rain). A lognormal mixture model was applied to fit travel time distributions and calculate the buffer index. The median, trimmed mean, interquartile range, and one-way analysis of variance were used for quantification of the characteristics. The study found some results that tended to agree with the previous findings in the literature, such that, in general, rain reduces the O-D-based travel time reliability, and some seemed to be unique and worthy of discussion: firstly, although in general the reduction in travel time reliability gets larger as the intensity of rainfall increases, it appears that the change is more significant when rainfall intensity changes from light to moderate but becomes fairly marginal when it changes from normal to light or from moderate to extremely intensive; secondly, regardless of normal or rainy weather, the O-D-based travel time reliability and its consistency in different O-D pairs with similar average travel time always tend to improve along with the increase of average travel time. In addition to the technical findings, this study also contributes to the state of the art by promoting the application of real-world and publicly available data in TTR analyses.
Abstract Background Hundreds of millions of tons coal fly ash are produced annually to support economic development and industrial production. However, directly applying coal fly ash to agricultural ...production can decrease the land productivity and pose a threat to the ecosystem due to the poor physicochemical properties and seriously heavy metal pollution. Methods In this study, a field experiment to investigate the effects of coal fly ash as a soil amendment was conducted in Hebei province, China. The coal fly ash (CFA) soil field was mixed with the carrier soil (CS, without containing coal fly ash) at different rates (0–40% mass content) in the 0–20 cm layer of top soil and then mixed with a rotovator. The soil was then amended with 0.45–1.80 kg·m − 2 of G1 soil amendment for planting corn. Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the response mechanism of soil microbial community activities, and soil physicochemical properties to soil amendment and carrier soil in coal fly ash soil. Key results The study found that the G1 amendment, which consisted of humic acid, polyacrylamide, zeolite powder, and FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O, improved the soil chemical properties and physical structure by increasing soil bulk density and macroaggregates. The highest corn yield was observed in B5 (20% CS and 1.3500 kg·m − 2 G1). Meanwhile, the abundance of microorganisms that facilitate the circulation of soil nutrients such as Acidobacteria (77.05%), Sphingomonas (25.60%), Nitrospira (20.78%), Streptomyces (11.32%), and Gaiella (10.20%) was increased. Conclusions Overall, our results indicate that the use of coal fly ash soil as a amendment can enhance soil sustainability by improving soil microbial functions. These findings provide a reference for the development and application of coal fly ash soil amendments.
Glioblastoma is the most frequent form of malignant brain tumor. Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 4 (CPEB4) is overexpressed and involved in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of ...glioblastoma. miR-130a-3p has been revealed to be aberrantly expressed in tumors and has aroused wide attention. In present study, we would like to investigate the effect and potential mechanism of miR-130a-3p on the proliferation and migration in glioblastoma. The relative expression levels of miR-130a-3p and CPEB4 in glioblastoma cell lines were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cell viability and migration were detected by methylthiazolyl tetrazolium assay and transwell assay, and cell cycle analysis was detected by flow cytometry. The expression of CPEB4 protein and epithelial-mesenchymal transition associated markers were detected by western blot. Bioinformatics and luciferase activity analysis were used to verify the targeting relationship between miR-130a-3p and CPEB4. We observed that the expression of CPEB4 was upregulated while that of miR-130a-3p was downregulated in glioblastoma cell lines. CPEB4 was validated as a target of miR-130a-3p by luciferase activity assay. Increased levels of miR-130a-3p inhibited the proliferation and migration of the glioblastoma cells and the overexpression of miR-130a-3p inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition. However, CPEB4 overexpression resisted the inhibitory effects of miR-130a-3p. Our study elucidates CPEB4 is upregulated because of the downregulated miR-130a-3p in glioblastoma, which enhances the glioblastoma growth and migration, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for the disease.
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by thrombus formation, poor pregnancy outcomes, and a proinflammatory response. H3K4me3‐related monocytes activation are key regulators of APS ...pathogenesis. Therefore, H3K4me3 CUT&Tag and ATAC‐seq are performed to examine the epigenetic profiles. The results indicate that the H3K4me3 signal and chromatin accessibility at the FOXJ2 promoter are enhanced in an in vitro monocyte model by stimulation with β2GPI/anti‐β2GPI, which mimics APS, and decreases after OICR‐9429 administration. Furthermore, FOXJ2 is highly expressed in patients with primary APS (PAPS) and is the highest in patients with triple‐positive antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs). Mechanistically, FOXJ2 directly binds to the SLAMF8 promoter and activates SLAMF8 transcription. SLAMF8 further interacts with TREM1 to stimulate TLR4/NF‐κB signaling and prohibit autophagy. Knockdown of FOXJ2, SLAMF8, or TREM1 blocks TLR4/NF‐κB and provokes autophagy, subsequently inhibiting the release of inflammatory and thrombotic indicators. A mouse model of vascular APS is established via β2GPI intraperitoneal injection, and the results suggest that OICR‐9429 administration attenuates the inflammatory response and thrombus formation by inactivating FOXJ2/SLAMF8/TREM1 signaling. These findings highlight the overexpression of H3K4me3‐mediated FOXJ2 in APS, which consequently accelerates APS pathogenesis by triggering inflammation and thrombosis via boosting the SLAMF8/TREM1 axis. Therefore, OICR‐9429 is a promising candidate drug for APS therapy.
H3K4me3 signaling and chromatin accessibility at the FOXJ2 promoter are enhanced in an in vitro monocyte model mimicking APS, and FOXJ2 is highly expressed in patients with primary APS. FOXJ2 overexpression activates SLAMF8/TREM1‐mediated inflammation and thrombosis by directly binding to the SLAMF8 promoter. OICR‐9429 administration attenuates APS pathogenesis in vivo and in vitro.
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