Abstract
JUNO is a 20 kt liquid scintillator detector located ∼650 m underground in Jiangmen, China. The construction will be finished in 2023. Its energy resolution can reach 3% at 1 MeV, which ...allows it to realize its main goal of determining the neutrino mass ordering (NMO) detecting antineutrinos from two nuclear power plants at 53 km baseline. Mass ordering is expected to have 3
σ
of significance in 6 years of data taking. Meanwhile the measurement of oscillation parameters sin
2
θ
12
,
Δ
m
21
2
, and
|
Δ
m
32
2
|
will reach sub-percent precision. The Taishan Antineutrino Observatory will be placed ∼30 m from the core of one power plant, in order to measure the reactor antineutrino spectrum, as a reference spectrum for the determination of NMO in JUNO, with resolution better than 2% at 1 MeV. The OSIRIS pre-detector is designed to monitor the LS of JUNO during the several months of filling. With its massive LS volume and excellent energy resolution, JUNO will be able to explore many other neutrino, astro, and particle physics topics. For example, detection of supernova neutrinos, atmospheric neutrinos, solar neutrinos, and geoneutrinos. This paper reviews the current status of JUNO and introduces recent studies on JUNO’s potential in many different physics topics.
The Serappis (SEarch for RAre PP-neutrinos In Scintillator) project aims at a precision measurement of the flux of solar
pp
neutrinos on the few-percent level. Such a measurement will be a relevant ...contribution to the study of solar neutrino oscillation parameters and a sensitive test of the equilibrium between solar energy output in neutrinos and electromagnetic radiation (solar luminosity constraint). The concept of Serappis relies on a small organic liquid scintillator detector (
∼
20 m
3
) with excellent energy resolution (
∼
2.5% at 1 MeV), low internal background and sufficient shielding from surrounding radioactivity. This can be achieved by a minor upgrade of the OSIRIS facility at the site of the JUNO neutrino experiment in southern China. To go substantially beyond current accuracy levels for the
pp
flux, an organic scintillator with ultra-low
14
C
levels (below
10
-
18
) is required. The existing OSIRIS detector and JUNO infrastructure will be instrumental in identifying suitable scintillator materials, offering a unique chance for a low-budget high-precision measurement of a fundamental property of our Sun that will be otherwise hard to access.
The Serappis (SEarch for RAre PP-neutrinos In Scintillator) project aims at a
precision measurement of the flux of solar $pp$ neutrinos on the few-percent
level. Such a measurement will be a relevant ...contribution to the study of solar
neutrino oscillation parameters and a sensitive test of the solar luminosity
constraint. The concept of Serappis relies on a small organic liquid
scintillator detector ($\sim$20 m$^3$) with excellent energy resolution
($\sim$2.5 % at 1 MeV), low internal background and sufficient shielding from
surrounding radioactivity. This can be achieved by a minor upgrade of the
OSIRIS facility at the site of the JUNO neutrino experiment in southern China.
To go substantially beyond current accuracy levels for the $pp$ flux, an
organic scintillator with ultra-low $^{14}$C levels (below $10^{-18}$) is
required. The existing OSIRIS detector and JUNO infrastructure will be
instrumental in identifying suitable scintillator materials, offering a unique
chance for a low-budget high-precision measurement of a fundamental property of
our Sun that will be otherwise hard to access.
The Serappis (SEarch for RAre PP-neutrinos In Scintillator) project aims at a precision measurement of the flux of solar \(pp\) neutrinos on the few-percent level. Such a measurement will be a ...relevant contribution to the study of solar neutrino oscillation parameters and a sensitive test of the solar luminosity constraint. The concept of Serappis relies on a small organic liquid scintillator detector (\(\sim\)20 m\(^3\)) with excellent energy resolution (\(\sim\)2.5 % at 1 MeV), low internal background and sufficient shielding from surrounding radioactivity. This can be achieved by a minor upgrade of the OSIRIS facility at the site of the JUNO neutrino experiment in southern China. To go substantially beyond current accuracy levels for the \(pp\) flux, an organic scintillator with ultra-low \(^{14}\)C levels (below \(10^{-18}\)) is required. The existing OSIRIS detector and JUNO infrastructure will be instrumental in identifying suitable scintillator materials, offering a unique chance for a low-budget high-precision measurement of a fundamental property of our Sun that will be otherwise hard to access.
Two-dimensional titanium carbide (MXene) with an adjustable bandgap (0.92–1.75eV), excellent structural stability, high conductivity and hydrophilicity has always been a hotspot in the field of ...environmental photocatalysis. However, the rapid recombination of light-excited carriers of a single photocatalytic material decreases quantum efficiency and photocatalytic performance. The modification of MXene could overcome these problems to improve photocatalytic properties. Among various improvement strategies, the composition of MXene heterostructure and Schottky junction is an effective and straightforward strategy for adjusting electronic structure and accelerating photocatalytic performance. This review aims to design typical, cost-effective heterojunctions and Schottky junctions and their progress, mechanisms, and trends in environmental organic pollutants' degradation. This review detailed the heterogeneous catalytic mechanism of MXene-based photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants. It is discussed the way to improve the photocatalytic performance of MXene by constructing heterojunction and Schottky junction. The surface properties, catalyst performance and pollution management of various MXene-based catalysts were compared, and then some dilemmas and application strategies of MXene development were analyzed in depth. This review can open up ideas for new approaches and provide valuable clues for designing MXene as a cocatalyst to develop more effective photocatalysts for practical application in environmental pollution management.
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•We selected to review topics related to the specific application of LDH removal of heavy metals.•Classify and summarize its modification methods, absorption properties, composition, ...structure, and other aspects.•It is determined that future research needs to reduce environmental impact and economic costs to promote the synthesis and use of LDH.•This system summary will provide helpful guidance for preparing high-efficiency LDHs-based adsorbents and offer critical clues to elucidating the adsorption behavior of heavy metals on LDHs-based materials.
Heavy metal pollution is highly toxic and persistent, posing a severe threat to human health, agriculture, and the safe environment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for fast and efficient heavy metal removal technology to deal with emergency response to heavy metal leakage. In recent years, the development of a unique layered double hydroxide material has attracted widespread attention in sewage treatment. Due to these fundamental scientific issues, the general concern about environmental pollution management of LDH-based materials, and the recent significant developments in this field, it is necessary to conduct a thematic review. This article summarizes 474 related articles published since 2005 and outlines functionalized layered double hydroxide (LDH) research status as heavy metal adsorption materials. In addition, there is still a lack of reviews on the adsorption characteristics, interaction mechanism, and application of LDHs-based nanomaterials in heavy metal removal. Here, the primary purpose of this article is to systematically summarize LDHs-based materials and their applications in removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions (Fig. 1). First, we will focus on its preparation and modification methods to understand LDH intuitively. Subsequently, the effects of different environmental conditions on factors such as pH, temperature, and contact time were summarized. Finally, the interaction mechanism between LDHs composites and heavy metals is briefly described, and a quick conclusion is given.
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•Double heterojunctions facilitates the separation and transfer of charge carriers.•Ag2S/NH2-MIL-88B(Fe)/PEN is flexible, temperature resistant and recycled.•Dual regulation strategy ...of membrane separation and support layer modification built.•Structure-activity relationship MOF’s dose and catalytic activity proposed.•Ag0 could accelerated the conversion of Fe3+ to Fe2+ by serving as a reductant.
The separation and reuse of powdered photocatalysts have become a significant obstacle to applying photocatalytic technology in engineering. Here, we propose a method that is fully applicable to the conventional solvent-nonsolvent induced phase separation (NIPS) technique by mixing porous nano photocatalyst NH2-MIL-88B(Fe) into polyaryl ether nitrile(PEN) with carboxyl groups in situ construction of nano-functionalized photocatalytic matrix membrane (NH2-MIL-88B(Fe)/PEN). Then, silver sulfide(Ag2S) was grown on the surface of the NH2-MIL-88B(Fe)/PEN film as a separation layer by thermal reaction self-assembly to obtain a photocatalytic composite film Ag2S/NH2-MIL-88B(Fe)/PEN. The formation of the double heterojunction can effectively inhibit the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes, and the heterojunction is established at the interface after the composite material is constructed, thereby reducing the resistance and accelerating the photoinduced carrier transfer. The experimental results show that under optimal conditions, the well-stabilized Ag2S/NH2-MIL-88B(Fe)/PEN ternary composite membrane can remove 99.97 % of SDZ, and the mineralization rate is 85.41 %. After 8 cycles of Ag2S/NH2-MIL-88B(Fe)/PEN photocatalytic membrane, the removal rate of SDZ is still as high as 91.76 %, indicating that the catalytic membrane has good reusability and stability. The photocatalytic film system can also achieve good strength, toughness, and high-temperature resistance. Furthermore, possible photo-degradation pathways were investigated based on LC-MS/MS analysis to better understand the photo-degradation process. This study provides a new idea for developing a new generation of multifunctional photocatalytic membranes.
In this study, to overcome the problems of photo corrosion and structural instability, an attempt was made to construct a semiconductor heterojunction with MOF that can resist photo corrosion and ...reduction to adjust the electron (e−) transport path. The crystal stability and photo corrosion resistance are improved by creating Z-type heterojunctions to change the electron transfer path of Ag photocatalysts. MOFs have unique optical, electrical, and catalytic properties and thus play a key role in optimizing electron transfer pathways. Even if a semiconductor-catalyst heterojunction is constructed, migration-matched catalysts induce a cascade of crystal reduction and photo corrosion in a built-in electric field. At this time, PENS provides an electron acceptor platform, which can temporarily store photoelectrons, prevent the decrease of photoelectrons to the crystal, and improve electron transfer efficiency. The degradation of antibiotics and dyes assessed the resulting impact on photocatalytic efficiency under simulated sunlight, and photocatalytic activity was measured with an eye toward real outdoor applications. Due to the synergistic effect of the double self-cleaning structure, the ultrafiltration membrane exhibits superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic properties. It shows excellent separation efficiency and recyclability in the separation of oil-in-water emulsion experiments.
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•Z-scheme facilitates the separation and transfer of charge carriers.•Flexibility, temperature resistance and acid and alkali resistance were achieved.•Membrane reactor exhibits efficient photocatalytic mineralization of antibiotics.•Superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic to achieve efficient oil-water separation.•Very robust performance over re-use cycles (×8 times) was achieved.
This study fabricated PENS/TA/ZIF-67@Ag2S (PZA), a double self-cleaning network antifouling polymer membrane reactor, by the non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) method. Due to the synergistic effect of the double self-cleaning structure, it showed an excellent separation efficiency of 99.65% and a high flux of 1198.011 L·m−2·h−1 in the separation of oil-in-water emulsion experiments. After eight cycles, Oil-water separation efficiency remains >99% recyclable. The Z-type heterogeneous conjunctival reactor we constructed has a high-efficiency degradation rate of 99.94% and a mineralization rate of 80.315% for sulfamethoxazole (SMX) within 120 min. From the results of mechanical properties, TGA and DSC, it can be seen that PZA has good strength, toughness and high temperature resistance. According to the experimental analysis of active substances, the active ingredients produced by PZA are •OH., h+, •O2–. Based on Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and intermediate analysis, sulfamethoxazole's active sites and degradation pathways (SMX) were explored. According to the Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) of the Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (TEST), the toxicity of the intermediates produced during the degradation of SMX was predicted. This study provides a feasible strategy for fabricating Z-scheme metal-organic framework (MOF)-based polymer membrane reactors for efficient green antibiotic wastewater treatment and oil-water self-cleaning.
Simultaneous removal of petroleum and dye pollutants posed a huge challenge to the development of membranes. NH2-MIL-125 was widely used in separation membranes, but so far had not been used for ...oil/water separation. We successfully prepared NH2-MIL-125@polyacrylic acid (referred to as NH2-MIL-125@PAA) composite membrane on the PVDF by vacuum-assisted self-assembly technology. Due to the introduction of a large number of hydrophilic nanoparticles on the PVDF, the composite membrane exhibited excellent hydrophilicity and underwater oleophobic properties. At the same time, the membrane could efficiently separate oil/water emulsions and dyes. After 10 cycles, the separation rate of the oil/water emulsions and the dye was above 99%, and the flux was above 400 L/m2∙h. Moreover, due to the successful cross-linking of PAA and NH2-MIL-125, the membrane had good stability. Therefore, the composite membrane in this study provided an idea for the removal of multi-component pollutants.
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•For the first time, NH2-MIL-125 composite membrane was used to oil/water emulsions separate.•The composite membrane can remove both oil/water emulsion and dye simultaneously.•After 10 cycles, the separation rate of the oil/water emulsions and the dye was above 99%.
