Compact coding has been widely applied to approximate nearest neighbor search for large-scale image retrieval, due to its computation efficiency and retrieval quality. This paper presents a compact ...coding solution with a focus on the deep learning to quantization approach, which improves retrieval quality by end-to-end representation learning and compact encoding and has already shown the superior performance over the hashing solutions for similarity retrieval. We propose Deep Visual-Semantic Quantization (DVSQ), which is the first approach to learning deep quantization models from labeled image data as well as the semantic information underlying general text domains. The main contribution lies in jointly learning deep visual-semantic embeddings and visual-semantic quantizers using carefully-designed hybrid networks and well-specified loss functions. DVSQ enables efficient and effective image retrieval by supporting maximum inner-product search, which is computed based on learned codebooks with fast distance table lookup. Comprehensive empirical evidence shows that DVSQ can generate compact binary codes and yield state-of-the-art similarity retrieval performance on standard benchmarks.
Some cancers originate from a single mutation event in a single cell. Blood cancers known as myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are thought to originate when a driver mutation is acquired by a ...hematopoietic stem cell (HSC). However, when the mutation first occurs in individuals and how it affects the behavior of HSCs in their native context is not known. Here we quantified the effect of the JAK2-V617F mutation on the self-renewal and differentiation dynamics of HSCs in treatment-naive individuals with MPNs and reconstructed lineage histories of individual HSCs using somatic mutation patterns. We found that JAK2-V617F mutations occurred in a single HSC several decades before MPN diagnosis—at age 9 ± 2 years in a 34-year-old individual and at age 19 ± 3 years in a 63-year-old individual—and found that mutant HSCs have a selective advantage in both individuals. These results highlight the potential of harnessing somatic mutations to reconstruct cancer lineages.
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•Single-cell transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing of HSPCs from individuals with MPNs•The JAK2-V617F mutation occurs in a single HSC decades before diagnosis•JAK2-V617F HSCs have increased fitness in native human hematopoiesis•JAK2 mutant fraction varies in myeloid progenitor compartments in the same individuals
Van Egeren et al. investigated the effect of the JAK2-V617F mutation in individuals with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) using single-cell profiling and found that the mutation occurs decades before MPN diagnosis and increases the fitness of HSCs. JAK2-V617F induces a megakaryocyte-erythroid differentiation bias. The JAK2-mutant fraction varies in myeloid compartments in the same individuals.
Our research mainly focuses on investigating the formability and processes of GLARE materials in the hydro-bulging test. Finite element simulation software ABAQUS/Explicit is applied to study the ...state of stress and strain as well as wall thickness distribution while experiments have done to validate the simulation results. The results indicate that cavity pressure and blank holder force have a significant effect on the forming behavior compared with traditional metal blanks. Curing process is also introduced in the production stage after first forming step. This study will increase the application of composite laminate manufacturing and open new ways for specialists working on high-strength lightweight material for future research.
In order to construct a unified permeability prediction model for multi-stage tight gas sandstones with permeability across 6 orders of magnitude and changeable porosity-permeability relationship, ...Bayesian regularization neural network is properly configured with core porosity, conventional logs and a few derivates of them as input items. With high accuracy and excellent generalization, it is promising to be stably and reliably popularized in the study area. The way of model construction, optimization and evaluation may provide underlying insights needed for permeability prediction of similar reservoirs and application of machine learning in reservoir evaluation.
•No consistent porosity-permeability relation exists in channel sandstones.•Universal permeability model is built with Bayesian regularization neural network.•Sufficient petrophysical-geological information is contained in logs.•Prior knowledges enhance interpretability, controllability and applicability.
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic and intricate microenvironment with excellent biophysical, biomechanical, and biochemical properties, which can directly or indirectly regulate cell ...proliferation, adhesion, migration, and differentiation, as well as plays key roles in homeostasis and regeneration of tissues and organs. The ECM has attracted a great deal of attention with the rapid development of tissue engineering in the field of regenerative medicine. Tissue-derived ECM scaffolds (also referred to as decellularized tissues and whole organs) are considered a promising therapy for the repair of musculoskeletal defects, including those that are widely used in orthopedics, although there are a few shortcomings. Similar to tissue-derived ECM scaffolds, cell-derived ECM scaffolds also have highly advantageous biophysical and biochemical properties, in particular their ability to be produced in vitro from a number of different cell types. Furthermore, cell-derived ECM scaffolds more closely resemble native ECM microenvironments. The products of cell-derived ECM have a wide range of biomedical applications; these include reagents for cell culture substrates and biomaterials for scaffolds, hybrid scaffolds, and living cell sheet coculture systems. Although cell-derived ECM has only just begun to be investigated, it has great potential as a novel approach for cell-based tissue repair in orthopedic tissue engineering. This review summarizes and analyzes the various types of cell-derived ECM products applied in cartilage, bone, and nerve tissue engineering in vitro or in vivo and discusses future directions for investigation of cell-derived ECM.
•W/Mo separation was studied using cationic polymer/clay composites for the first time.•Effects of clay concentration, ultrasound time and power on W/Mo separation were investigated.•Instead of ...regeneration, W/Mo separation-derived composite was used to remove heavy metals.•W/Mo separation-derived composite could effectively remove cationic and anionic heavy metals.
The use of a resin to selectively separate thiomolybdate from a tungsten (W) feed solution is a well-known protocol for achieve high-purity W products; however, the regeneration of saturated resin is laborious. In this study, poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDADMA) was used to modify ultrasound-pretreated montmorillonite (Mt) for W and molybdenum (Mo) separation for the first time, and the resultant tetrathiomolybdate (MoS42-)-loaded composite was further tested to remove heavy metals instead of regeneration. Among the three variables of ultrasound pretreatment, that is, Mt concentration, ultrasound power, and treatment time, the Mt concentration exhibited the most significant influence followed by ultrasound power on the separation performance of W and Mo. Compared to the distance of the interlayer space and the surface charge of the modified Mt, the PDADMA content showed a closer correlation with the W/Mo separation coefficient. Assisted by Box–Behnken design, with Mt concentration of 6.9 g/L, ultrasound power of 593.8 W, and treatment time of 13.8 min, the composite with the greatest separation coefficient was obtained. The adsorption of Cu(II) on the optimal W/Mo separation-derived composite was ascribed to the formation of Cu-S complexes, while that of Pb(II) was attributed to complexation and surface precipitation. In contrast, ion exchange with the initially loaded anions, reduction by sulfide to Cr(III), and formation of Cr(III)-S complexes accounted for Cr(VI) removal. The adsorption of Cu(II) and Pb(II) equilibrated faster and showed higher acid-resistance than that of Cr(VI). The adsorption capacities for Cu(II), Pb(II), and Cr(VI) were 0.535, 1.398, and 0.882 mmol/g, respectively. Applying PDADMA to modify Mt as a reagent for W/Mo separation was feasible, and the derived composite was capable of removing cationic and anionic heavy metals.
During the development of the vertebrate embryo, segmented structures called somites are periodically formed from the presomitic mesoderm (PSM) and give rise to the vertebral column. While somite ...formation has been studied in several animal models, it is less clear how well this process is conserved in humans. Recent progress has made it possible to study aspects of human paraxial mesoderm (PM) development such as the human segmentation clock
using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs); however, somite formation has not been observed in these monolayer cultures. Here, we describe the generation of human PM organoids from hPSCs (termed Somitoids), which recapitulate the molecular, morphological, and functional features of PM development, including formation of somite-like structures
. Using a quantitative image-based screen, we identify critical parameters such as initial cell number and signaling modulations that reproducibly yielded formation of somite-like structures in our organoid system. In addition, using single-cell RNA-sequencing and 3D imaging, we show that PM organoids both transcriptionally and morphologically resemble their
counterparts and can be differentiated into somite derivatives. Our organoid system is reproducible and scalable, allowing for the systematic and quantitative analysis of human spine development and disease
.
The Sky View Factor (SVF) stands as a critical metric for quantitatively assessing urban spatial morphology and its estimation method based on Street View Imagery (SVI) has gained significant ...attention in recent years. However, most existing Street View-based methods prove inefficient and constrained in SVI dataset collection. These approaches often fall short in capturing detailed visual areas of the sky, and do not meet the requirements for handling large areas. Therefore, an online method for the rapid estimation of a large area SVF using SVI is presented in this study. The approach has been integrated into a WebGIS tool called BMapSVF, which refines the extent of the visible sky and allows for instant estimation of the SVF at observation points. In this paper, an empirical case study is carried out in the street canyons of the Qinhuai District of Nanjing to illustrate the effectiveness of the method. To validate the accuracy of the refined SVF extraction method, we employ both the SVI method based on BMapSVF and the simulation method founded on 3D urban building models. The results demonstrate an acceptable level of refinement accuracy in the test area.
Urgent start peritoneal dialysis (USPD) is an effective therapeutic method for end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, whether it is safe to initiate peritoneal dialysis (PD) within 24 h unclear. We ...examined the short-term outcomes of a break-in period (BI) of 24 h for patients undergoing USPD.
This real-world, multicenter, retrospective cohort study evaluated USPD patients from five centers from January 2013 to August 2020. Patients were divided into BI ≤ 24 h or BI > 24 h groups. The Primary outcomes included incidence of mechanical and infectious complications. The secondary outcome was technique failure. Moreover, we presented a subgroup analysis for patients who did not receive temporary hemodialysis (HD).
A total of 871 USPD patients were included: 470 in the BI ≤ 24 h and 401 in the BI > 24 h groups. Mechanical and infectious complications did not differ between the two groups across the follow-up timepoints (2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months) (p > 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that BI ≤ 24 h was not an independent risk factor for mechanical complications, catheter migration, or infectious complications (p > 0.05). A BI ≤ 24 h was not an independent significant risk factor for technique failure by multivariate Cox regression analysis (p > 0.05). The subgroup analysis of patients who did not receive temporary HD returned the same results.
Initiating PD within 24 h of catheter insertion was not associated with increased mechanical complications, infectious complications, or technique failures.
Thromboembolism is the leading cause of cardiovascular mortality. Currently, for the lack of targeting, short half-life, low bioavailability and high bleeding risk of the classical thrombolytic ...drugs, pharmacological thrombolysis is usually a slow process based on micro-pumping. In addition, frequently monitoring and regulating coagulation functions are also required during (and after) the process of thrombolysis. To address these issues, a targeted thrombolytic and anticoagulation nanoplatform (UCATS-UK) is developed based on upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) that can convert 808 or 980 nm near-infrared (NIR) light into UV/blue light. This nanoplatform can target and enrich in the thrombus site. Synergistic thrombolysis and anticoagulation therapy thus could be realized through the controlled release of urokinase (UK) and nitric oxide (NO). Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have confirmed the excellent thrombolytic and anticoagulative capabilities of this multifunctional nanoplatform. Combined with the unique fluorescent imaging capability of UCNPs, this work is expected to contribute to the development of clinical thrombolysis therapy towards an integrated system of imaging, diagnosis and treatment.
An upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) regulated drug & gas dual effective nanoplatform is developed. This nanoplatform can target on the thrombus site and convert NIR light to UV/blue light, thus fuel azo and stimulate NO donor to release UK and NO for synergistic thrombolytic and drug-free anticoagulation therapy. Display omitted
•This work is not only the first application of UCNPs in the thrombolysis therapy, but also the first attempt to develop a dual effective drug & gas nanoplatform for thrombolytic & anticoagulation therapy.•Besides conventional in vitro and animal experiments, a 3D printed vascular model is also constructed to further verify the feasibility of UCATS-UK.•Through surface chemical modification, the nanoplatform possesses the capabilities of targeting thrombus, as well as light-controlled NO release for drug-free anticoagulation therapy.
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