High-speed assembly line food packaging quality defect detection methods have poor error detection rates, missing rates and accuracy. This paper advances a process of computer-aided online monitoring ...of food packaging based on a deep neural network model. Firstly, this paper uses the deep convolution method to analyze the defects in food packaging. Then the convolution method of food packaging defects is improved. The correct identification of defects in food packaging can be enhanced by adjusting VGG16. This paper uses a convolutional neural network, transfer learning and adaptive neural network to compare the recognition effect of food packaging defects based on a forward neural network. It is proved that the recognition accuracy of this method is 0.0005. Good identification results can be obtained after 10 times of repeated practices. This method has a good classification effect.
In the application of pedestrian reidentification, misjudgment is often caused by low video resolution, illumination variation, and background interference. In order to solve these problems, this ...study proposes a pedestrian reidentification algorithm based on local feature fusion. Taking advantage of the inherent structure of the human body, we pay attention to pedestrian parts with prominent features and ignore other parts with interference information. Feature extraction is carried out for detected pedestrian parts with significant features, and new fusion features are generated. By calculating distance measurement between image features, pedestrians are classified and recognized. Experimental results show that the accuracy of the proposed algorithm is superior to that of other comparison algorithms on the datasets of Market1501, Duke, and CUHK03. It is proved that the proposed algorithm has a good pedestrian reidentification effect.
Black soils (Mollisols) are one of the most important soil resources for maintaining food security of China and are mainly distributed in northeast China. To understand which environmental factors ...influence the microbial communities and how the communities are distributed in the black soils, we collected 26 soil samples with different soil carbon contents across the black soil zone in northeast China, and the soil bacterial community compositions were estimated using high resolution bar-coded pyrosequencing. A total of 355,813 bacterial 16S rDNA sequences were obtained, which were classified into at least 35 bacterial groups. The dominant groups across all samples (>5% of all sequences) were Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes and Planctomycetes. The composition and diversity of the soil bacterial community were dominantly affected by both soil pH and soil total carbon content, and the effect of soil pH was stronger than that of soil carbon content. Variance partitioning analysis showed that geographic distance contributed 14.75% of the bacterial community variation, and soil environmental factors explained approximately 37.52% of the variation. Pairwise analysis showed that a relatively higher diversity of the bacterial community was observed at lower latitudes, suggesting that a latitudinal diversity gradient of the bacterial community might be present in the black soil zone. In general, our results indicated that contemporary factors, such as soil pH and soil carbon content, were more important than the historical factor of geographic distance in shaping the bacterial community in the black soil zone in northeast China.
Variation partition analysis of the effects of geographic distance and soil variables on the phylogenetic structure of bacterial communities in the black soils of northeast China. Display omitted
•Bacterial communities in Mollisols were both affected by soil pH and soil C content.•The effect of soil pH on bacterial communities was stronger than soil C content.•Geographic distance was another important factor in shaping communities.•A latitudinal diversity gradient of the community was observed in the Mollisols.•Soil bacterial communities were spatially distributed in the black soil zone.
Doxorubicin is believed to cause dose-dependent cardiotoxicity through redox cycling and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here we show that cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Top2b ...(encoding topoisomerase-IIβ) protects cardiomyocytes from doxorubicin-induced DNA double-strand breaks and transcriptome changes that are responsible for defective mitochondrial biogenesis and ROS formation. Furthermore, cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Top2b protects mice from the development of doxorubicin-induced progressive heart failure, suggesting that doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is mediated by topoisomerase-IIβ in cardiomyocytes.
•Soil properties were still changed even after three years biochar addition.•Biochar increased bacterial abundance and the α-diversity of bacterial community.•Biochar influenced the relative ...abundances of some functional bacteria.•Biochar indirectly impacts on bacterial community by altering soil properties.
Although biochar has been widely evaluated as a soil-amendment, the response of soil bacterial community to biochar addition, especially after several years’ addition, has not yet been fully understood. Here, we studied the effect of a single addition of biochar on bacterial community compositions in a black soil of northeast China. The biochar was added with dosages of 0%, 2%, 4% and 8% of the total mass of the top 20cm soils in the spring of 2012, and soil samples were collected seasonally four times in 2014. The abundance and composition of bacterial community were determined using quantitative real-time PCR and Illumina MiSeq sequencing methods, respectively. The results showed that soil pH, moisture, total C, total N, total P, NO3−-N, available K and the C/N ratio significantly increased with biochar addition, but that soil bulk density and total K content decreased. The bacterial abundance increased with biochar addition, especially at a higher dosage. The biochar addition increased the alpha-diversity of soil bacterial community and changed the bacterial community compositions. Taxonomic analyses showed that Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla in this study, and the relative abundances of Acidobacteria decreased but Chloroflexi increased with biochar addition. Additionally, biochar addition increased the relative abundances of Bacillus and Pedomicrobium, but decreased the relative abundance of Bradyrhizobium. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that bacterial community compositions were closely associated with soil parameters such as pH, total C, total N and total K. Given the changes of these soil parameters were highly correlated with the amounts of biochar addition, which suggested that the impacts of long-term biochar amendment on the soil bacterial community were linked to the alteration of soil physiochemical properties.
Selecting an appropriate intensity of epidemic prevention and control measures is of vital significance to promoting the two-way dynamic coordination of epidemic prevention and control and economic ...development. In order to balance epidemic control and economic development and suggest scientific and reasonable traffic control measures, this paper proposes a SEIQR model considering population migration and the propagation characteristics of the exposed and the asymptomatic, based on the data of COVID-19 cases, Baidu Migration, and the tourist economy. Further, the factor traffic control intensity is included in the model. After determining the functional relationship between the control intensity and the number of tourists and the cumulative number of confirmed cases, the NSGA-II algorithm is employed to perform multi-objective optimization with consideration of the requirements for epidemic prevention and control and for economic development to get an appropriate traffic control intensity and suggest scientific traffic control measures. With Xi'an City as an example. The results show that the Pearson correlation coefficient between the predicted data of this improved model and the actual data is 0.996, the R-square in the regression analysis is 0.993, with a significance level of below 0.001, suggesting that the predicted data of the model are more accurate. With the continuous rise of traffic control intensity in different simulation scenarios, the cumulative number of cases decreases by a significant amplitude. While balancing the requirements for epidemic prevention and control and for tourist economy development, the model works out the control intensity to be 0.68, under which some traffic control measures are suggested. The model presented in this paper can be used to analyze the impacts of different traffic control intensities on epidemic transmission. The research results in this paper reveal the traffic control measures balancing the requirements for epidemic prevention and control and for economic development.
A type of MCM-41 supported dicationic imidazolium ionic liquid nanocatalyst has been synthesized and found to be competent for the synthesis of 2-oxazolidinones through the sustainable chemical ...conversion of CO
with aziridines. It was shown that the highest efficiency was achieved in the cycloaddition of a series of aziridines and CO
in the presence of a catalytic amount of the solid catalyst MCM-41@ILLaCl
under mild conditions. Merits of this meticulously designed protocol are the use of a novel supported ionic liquid catalyst, the easy work-up process, good to excellent yields, a short reaction time, and purification without column chromatography. Overall, the present protocol of synthesizing 2-oxazolidinones under cocatalyst- and solvent-free conditions using MCM-41@ILLaCl
is promising for industrial applications.
Long-term intensive cultivation leads to the loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) in agricultural lands, which inevitably threatens food security and exacerbates greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The ...RothC model (Ver. 26.3win) is generally used to evaluate the changes in SOC and its responses to agricultural practices and climate change. However, previous calibrations of the RothC model emphasize the parameterization of C decomposition and neglect the effect of input data on the model accuracy. In this study, a long-term soil relocation experiment (1 m depth) in Chinese Mollisols was used to determine the effect of input parameters on the performance of the RothC model, and the optimal combination was filtered to evaluate the changes in SOC after 16 years of soil relocation. The results showed that the estimated C input from crop residues ranged from 1.22 to 2.53 t C ha−1 yr−1, and these inputs were insufficient to maintain the equilibrium state of the SOC. We also found a non-linear relationship between the initial SOC and C input, i.e., the largest C input amount was obtained under 3.24 % SOC rather than 6.31 % SOC. The difference in C input derived from estimation algorithms was the main source of model uncertainty. The simulation results indicated that from 2005 to 2020, the loss of SOC in Mollisols ranged from 2.54 to 13.90 t ha−1 when the initial SOC stocks were greater than 60 t ha−1, while the rate of SOC sequestration was 0.15 t ha−1 yr−1 when the SOC stocks was 33.03 t ha−1. Meanwhile, warming accelerated the loss and delayed the recovery of SOC in Mollisols. We suggested the equilibrium point of SOC in Mollisols under current agricultural practices was approximately 45 t ha−1. These results highlighted that Mollisols were an important C source of GHG and that a substantial capacity exists in SOC sequestration under conventional agricultural practices.
•RothC model is used to evaluate the changes of SOC in Molllisols.•Substantial differences existed in C input among different estimation methods.•The optimal combination is mixed method, air temperature and multi-time input.•The equilibrium point of SOC in Mollisols is approximately 45 t ha−1.•Warming accelerates the loss and delays the recovery of SOC in Mollisols.
Lily-type lectin (LTL) plays significant roles in innate immune response against pathogen infection. LTL in animals and plants has received widespread attention. In the present study, an LTL (OppLTL) ...was identified from spotted knifejaw
Oplegnathus punctatus
. The OppLTL encoded a typical Ca
2+
-dependent carbohydrate-binding protein containing a CRD domain. The qRT-PCR showed that it was mainly expressed in the gill and was significantly upregulated after
Vibrio anguillarum
challenge. The agglutination analysis showed that the recombinant OppLTL could bind and agglutinate Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in a Ca
2+
-dependent manner. However, the binding activity was different. Meanwhile, the recombinant OppLTL could hemagglutinate mammalian and teleost erythrocytes. Subcellular localization revealed that OppLTL was mainly detected in the cytoplasm of HEK293T cells. The dual-luciferase analysis revealed that OppLTL could inhibit the activity of the NF-κB signal pathway in HEK293T cells after OppLTL overexpression. These findings collectively demonstrated that OppLTL could be involved in host innate immune response and defense against bacterial infection in spotted knifejaw.
