Although stochastic modeling methods can achieve multiple implementations of sedimentary microfacies model in dense well blocks, it is difficult to realize continuous convergence of well spacing. ...Taking the small high-sinuosity meandering river sediments of the third member of Quantou Formation in Songliao Basin as an example, a deterministic modeling method based on geological vector information was explored in this article. Quantitative geological characteristics of point bar sediments were analyzed by field outcrops, modern sediments, and dense well block anatomy. The lateral extension distance, length, and spacing parameters of the point bar were used to quantitatively characterize the thickness, dip angle, and frequency of the lateral layer. In addition, the three-dimensional architecture modeling of the point bar was carried out in the study. The established three-dimensional architecture model of well X24-1 had continuous convergence near all wells, which conformed to the geological knowledge of small high-sinuosity meandering river, and verified the reliability of this method in the process of geological modeling in dense well blocks.
Complete abolition of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) is characteristic of end-stage lung disease. Transplantation therapy of type II AECs (AEC-IIs) or AEC-IIs-derived exosomes (ADEs) have been ...proposed as a means of repairing injury and preventing fibrosis. However, the mechanism by which ADEs balances airway immunity and alleviates damage and fibrosis remains unknown.
We investigated STIM-activating enhancer-positive ADEs (STIMATE
ADEs) in the lung of 112 ALI/ARDS and 44 IPF patients, and observed the correlation between STIMATE
ADEs and subpopulation proportion and metabolic status of tissue-resident alveolar macrophages (TRAMs). We constructed the conditional knockout mice STIMATE
, in which STIMATE was specifically knocked out in mouse AEC-IIs and observed the effects of STIMATE
ADEs deficiency on disease progression, immune selection and metabolic switching of TRAMs. We constructed a BLM-induced AEC-IIs injury model to observe the salvage treatment of damage/fibrosis progression with STIMATE
ADEs supplementation.
In clinical analysis, the distinct metabolic phenotypes of AMs in ALI/ARFS and IPF were significantly perturbed by STIMATE
ADEs. The immune and metabolic status of TRAMs in the lungs of STIMATE
mice was imbalanced, resulting in spontaneous inflammatory injury and respiratory disorders. STIMATE
ADEs are taken up by tissue-resident alveolar macrophages TRAMs to regulate high Ca
responsiveness and long-term Ca
signal transduction, which maintains M2-like immunophenotype and metabolism selection. This involves calcineurin (CaN)-PGC-1α pathway mediated mitochondrial biogenesis and mtDNA coding. In a bleomycin-induced mouse fibrosis model, supplementation with inhaled STIMATE
ADEs lessened early acute injury, prevented advanced fibrosis, alleviated ventilatory impairment and reduced mortality.
Thermal energy storage has been attracting more and more attentions due mainly to its distinctive features on peak-load shifting capability for systems with renewable energy involved. To further ...improve the overall thermal efficiency for charging/discharging processes, heat transfer techniques to enhance phase change heat transfer are typically employed. This paper introduced a novel concept of partially-filling ratio of metal foam into PCM. The melting heat transfer can be expected to be further enhanced with partially filled metal foams. To this aim, an axisymmetric two-dimensional computational model was established. A series of numerical simulations were carried out to study the effect of filling ratio of metal foam on the melting performance of a TES tube. Good agreement was achieved through the comparison of temperatures obtained from simulation and experimental measurements. Based on the results, it can be concluded as follows: if the goal was to enhance heat transfer simultaneously to save material cost, the suggested filling ratio was 0.90; if saving material cost was the aim, the filling ratio can be further reduced to 0.85. The proposed novel TES unit with partially-filled metal foam outperformed other competing heat transfer technique.
Myopia is an important public health problem due to its prevalence and significant public health cost. Elevating levels of myopia increase the risk of vision impairment, and therefore, high myopia ...has become one of the main causes of untreatable vision loss throughout the world due to its irreversible complications. At present, many options for slowing progression of myopia have already been proposed and evaluated such as progressive addition of executive bifocal spectacle lenses, peripheral defocusing lenses, overnight orthokeratology, pharmacological agents such as atropine eye drops, and multifocal soft contact lenses (MFSCLs). Use of MFSCLs has especially increased in recent years due to the growing demand to slow myopia progression during patient's adolescent growth period to avoid pathological myopia in adulthood. Compared with the other traditional methods of controlling myopia, MFSCLs allow myopic patients to better maintain their clear visual quality and slow myopia progression. In this manuscript, we aim to review the basics of myopia, recent advances in contact lenses to control myopia with emphasis on MFSCLs, define the elements for proper MFSCL fittings (such as pupil size, aberrations, accommodation and centering), discuss the potential rebound effect after discontinuation of contact lenses, and future directions for improvements of contact lenses for the control of myopia.
As the technology node continuously shrinks in semiconductor manufacturing, the multi-patterning method is used extensively, especially for BEOL layers. In a process of LELE (litho-etch-litho-etch) ...with cut layers, the relationship between each sub-patterning layer becomes critical for the fidelity of the original design transition, as well as the patterning process window. This paper introduces a defect detection method based on resist model simulation. The method detects the exact location according to the OPC simulation result to find the potential defects. Compared with the traditional method of image comparison, the new method could improve the detection speed and accuracy greatly. Besides, traditional defect detection methods lack quantitative defect evaluation criteria, but the new method introduced in this article can provide a numerical basis for defect detection and the continuous optimization for defect evaluation algorithm. In addition, the actual wafer defect data, not only could be used to optimize OPC target and reduce defect generation, but also could provide wafer data support for searching potential weak points based on OPC simulation, and optimizing OPC weak points spec continuously, and further improving defect detection efficiency. This paper takes a cut-missing defect as an example, and designs splits of cut enclosure length on mask to find out the minimum safe enclosure of cut pattern when cut layers and metal lines overlaid, especially in consideration of BEOL production process window. The experiment of PWIRC (Process Window Integration Rule Check) is of great significance to the good transition and graphic function of the original design, as well as the improvement of mass production process and yield.
The paper discussed how to develop simulator of marine power system which is a kind of power system making up of several generators and AC&DC power supply, including general design and simulation ...mathematical model. According to characteristics and operational requirements of marine power system, a complete set of mathematical models of marine power system were established, which included turbine generator models, diesel generator models, AC&DC converter unit models, storage battery models and AC&DC network models, etc. Mathematical model of the generators as PQ node or balance node in power flow algorithm and grid frequency of marine power system, were also considered in the model. Some simulation experiments for mathematical model of marine power system were done, the steady-state results accorded with the log of the marine power system and the dynamic curves had reasonable trends.
We have reported that three reversal agents were sifted out from 32 Chinese galenicals through a series of cell culture tests. Among them, Fw13-te41 has the best effect of reversal cancer multidrug ...resistance (MDR) in vitro. In this study, the reversal action of Fw13-te41 in vivo was studied on the animal model of nude mice with human leukemia k562/ADR. Twenty SPF BALB/c-nu/nu nude mice with xenograft tumor were randomly divided into the control group (n = 6), VCR group intraperitoneal (i.p.) VCR 250 micrograms/week, n = 5, VCR + Fw13-te41 group (i.p VCR 250 micrograms/week + Fw13-te41 0.2 ml/day, equivalent to crude drug 10 g/kg, n = 5), and Fw13-te41 group (i.p Fw13-te41 0.2 ml/day, equivalent to crude drug 10 g/kg, n = 4). After 18 days, the rate of tumor inhibition (RTI) of VCR group was 19.79%, but the RTI of VCR + Fw13-te41 group was as high as 86.95% (P < 0.05). There results demonstrate that the Chinese medicine Fw13-te41 has an evident reversal action of malignancy MDR in vitro and in vivo.
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