•Artificial intelligence (AI) significantly promotes technological innovation.•AI promotes technological innovation by knowledge creation and spillover, learning and absorption, and investment in ...R&D.•This paper empirically tests the promotional effect of AI on technological innovation and its sector heterogeneity.
This paper analyzes the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on technological innovation through logic reasoning and empirical modeling. Based on the industrial robot data provided by the International Federation of Robotics (IFR) and the panel data of China's 14 manufacturing sectors from 2008 to 2017, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of AI on technological innovation. Our analysis shows that the mechanism of how AI affects technological innovation is that the former promotes technological innovation through accelerating knowledge creation and technology spillover, improving learning and absorptive capacities, while increasing R&D and talent investment. Our empirical results indicate that under the condition of controlling intensity of R&D investment, FDI, ownership structure, technical imitation, AI significantly promotes technological innovation. And the impact of AI on technological innovation experiences sector heterogeneity: AI has more significant impact on the technological innovation of low-tech sectors. The higher the level of AI, the greater its impact on technological innovation. Based on our established conclusions, we provide corresponding suggestions and recommendations for managerial decision-making.
The COVID-19 pandemic presents an unprecedented challenge to global public health. Rapid development and deployment of safe and effective vaccines are imperative to control the pandemic. In the ...current study, we applied our adjuvanted stable prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike (S-2P)-based vaccine, MVC-COV1901, to hamster models to demonstrate immunogenicity and protection from virus challenge. Golden Syrian hamsters immunized intramuscularly with two injections of 1 µg or 5 µg of S-2P adjuvanted with CpG 1018 and aluminum hydroxide (alum) were challenged intranasally with SARS-CoV-2. Prior to virus challenge, the vaccine induced high levels of neutralizing antibodies with 10,000-fold higher IgG level and an average of 50-fold higher pseudovirus neutralizing titers in either dose groups than vehicle or adjuvant control groups. Six days after infection, vaccinated hamsters did not display any weight loss associated with infection and had significantly reduced lung pathology and most importantly, lung viral load levels were reduced to lower than detection limit compared to unvaccinated animals. Vaccination with either 1 μg or 5 μg of adjuvanted S-2P produced comparable immunogenicity and protection from infection. This study builds upon our previous results to support the clinical development of MVC-COV1901 as a safe, highly immunogenic, and protective COVID-19 vaccine.
This book presents fundamental theory, methods, and practical applications of grey systems theory, absorbing recent theoretical and applied advances, and vividly presenting the overall picture of ...this new theory and its frontal research activities.
Urban governance is an important cornerstone in the modernization of a national governance system. The establishment of smart cities driven by digitalization will be a vital way to promote economic ...green and sustainable growth. By using the data of 274 prefecture-level cities in China from 2004 to 2017, we study the impact of smart city policy on economic green growth and the underlying mechanism of the impact. It is shown that the establishment of smart cities has significantly promoted the green growth of China’s economy. This conclusion is further confirmed by using exogenous geographic data as instrumental variables and robustness tests, such as the quasi-experimental method of Difference in Difference with Propensity Score Matching (PAM-DID). The mechanism test shows that promoting economic growth, reducing per unit GDP energy consumption, and lowering waste emissions represent three ways for smart cities to promote green economic growth. The heterogeneity test shows that smart city policy has an obvious promotional effect on the economic green growth of both large cities and non-resource-based cities. This paper is expected to provide a reference for the urban development and economic transformation of emerging economies.
The construction of benzopyrone‐fused hydrobenzofuranones via DABCO‐catalyzed 3+2 cyclization/deformylation cascade of p‐quinols with 3‐formylchromones is described. The reaction works under mild ...reaction conditions to provide the desired products in 53–90% yields with complete diastereoselectivities. In addition, an enantioselective version with 81% ee is also realized in the presence of Takemoto's chiral thiourea catalyst.
Next‐generation energy storage devices should be soft, stretchable, and self‐healable. Previously reported self‐healable batteries mostly possess limited stretchability and rely on healable ...electrodes or electrolytes rather than achieving full‐device self‐healability. Herein, an all‐component self‐bonding strategy is reported to obtain an all‐eutectogel soft battery (AESB) that simultaneously achieves full‐cell autonomous self‐healability and omnidirectional intrinsic stretchability (>1000% areal strain) over a broad temperature range (−20~60 °C). Without requiring any external stimulus, the five‐layered soft battery can efficiently recover both its mechanical and electrochemical performance at full‐cell level. The developed AESB can be easily configured into various 3D architectures with highly interfacial compatible eutectogel electrodes, electrolyte, and substrate, presenting an excellent opportunity for the development of embodied energy technologies. The present work provides a general and user‐friendly soft electronic material platform for fabricating a variety of intrinsic self‐healing stretchable multi‐layered electronics, which are promising beyond the field of energy storage, such as displays, sensors, circuits, and soft robots.
Most reported self‐healable batteries possess limited stretchability and unable to achieve full‐device self‐healability. Herein, an all‐component self‐bonding strategy is presented to obtain an all‐eutectogel soft battery (AESB) that simultaneously achieves full‐cell autonomous self‐healability and omnidirectional intrinsic stretchability (>1000% areal strain) even at –20 °C. The present work provides a general soft electronic material platform for fabricating next‐generation self‐healing stretchable electronics.
Bioprinting is the most convenient microfabrication method to create biomimetic three‐dimensional (3D) cardiac tissue constructs, that can be used to regenerate damaged tissue and provide platforms ...for drug screening. However, existing bioinks, which are usually composed of polymeric biomaterials, are poorly conductive and delay efficient electrical coupling between adjacent cardiac cells. To solve this problem, a gold nanorod (GNR)‐incorporated gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)‐based bioink is developed for printing 3D functional cardiac tissue constructs. The GNR concentration is adjusted to create a proper microenvironment for the spreading and organization of cardiac cells. At optimized concentrations of GNR, the nanocomposite bioink has a low viscosity, similar to pristine inks, which allows for the easy integration of cells at high densities. As a result, rapid deposition of cell‐laden fibers at a high resolution is possible, while reducing shear stress on the encapsulated cells. In the printed GNR constructs, cardiac cells show improved cell adhesion and organization when compared to the constructs without GNRs. Furthermore, the incorporated GNRs bridge the electrically resistant pore walls of polymers, improve the cell‐to‐cell coupling, and promote synchronized contraction of the bioprinted constructs. Given its advantageous properties, this gold nanocomposite bioink may find wide application in cardiac tissue engineering.
A gold nanorod‐incorporated gelatin methacryloyl‐based bioink for printing of 3D cardiac tissue constructs is developed. The rapid deposition of the cell‐laden fibers at a high resolution is achieved, while reducing the shear stress on the encapsulated cells. The incorporated gold nanorods improve the electrical propagation between cardiac cells and promote their functional improvement in the printed cardiac construct.
The faithful storage and coherent manipulation of quantum states with matter-systems would enable the realization of large-scale quantum networks based on quantum repeaters. To achieve useful ...communication rates, highly multimode quantum memories are required to construct a multiplexed quantum repeater. Here, we present a demonstration of on-demand storage of orbital-angular-momentum states with weak coherent pulses at the single-photon-level in a rare-earth-ion-doped crystal. Through the combination of this spatial degree-of-freedom (DOF) with temporal and spectral degrees of freedom, we create a multiple-DOF memory with high multimode capacity. This device can serve as a quantum mode converter with high fidelity, which is a fundamental requirement for the construction of a multiplexed quantum repeater. This device further enables essentially arbitrary spectral and temporal manipulations of spatial-qutrit-encoded photonic pulses in real time. Therefore, the developed quantum memory can serve as a building block for scalable photonic quantum information processing architectures.
Human ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 1 (UQCRC1) is an evolutionarily conserved core subunit of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III. We recently identified the ...disease-associated variants of UQCRC1 from patients with familial parkinsonism, but its function remains unclear. Here we investigate the endogenous function of UQCRC1 in the human neuronal cell line and the Drosophila nervous system. Flies with neuronal knockdown of uqcrc1 exhibit age-dependent parkinsonism-resembling defects, including dopaminergic neuron reduction and locomotor decline, and are ameliorated by UQCRC1 expression. Lethality of uqcrc1-KO is also rescued by neuronally expressing UQCRC1, but not the disease-causing variant, providing a platform to discern the pathogenicity of this mutation. Furthermore, UQCRC1 associates with the apoptosis trigger cytochrome c (cyt-c), and uqcrc1 deficiency increases cyt-c in the cytoplasmic fraction and activates the caspase cascade. Depleting cyt-c or expression of the anti-apoptotic p35 ameliorates uqcrc1-mediated neurodegeneration. Our findings identify a role for UQCRC1 in regulating cyt-c-induced apoptosis.
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•Neuronal reduction of uqcrc1, the ETC complex III subunit, causes PD-like symptoms•uqcrc1 regulates DA neuronal maintenance and locomotor activity in flies•The disease-associated uqcrc1 variant fails to bind cytochrome c, triggering apoptosis•Targeting cytochrome c, but not ROS, ameliorates uqcrc1-mediated neurodegeneration
Point mutations in human UQCRC1 associate with familial parkinsonism, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using the fruit fly as a model, Hung et al. show that the disease variant fails to retain apoptosis trigger cyt-c in mitochondria, resulting in apoptotic neurodegeneration.
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that share components of their parent cells and are attractive in biotechnology and biomedical research as potential disease biomarkers as well as therapeutic ...agents. Crucial to realizing this potential is the ability to manufacture high‐quality exosomes; however, unlike biologics such as proteins, exosomes lack standardized Good Manufacturing Practices for their processing and characterization. Furthermore, there is a lack of well‐characterized reference exosome materials to aid in selection of methods for exosome isolation, purification, and analysis. This review informs exosome research and technology development by comparing exosome processing and characterization methods and recommending exosome workflows. This review also provides a detailed introduction to exosomes, including their physical and chemical properties, roles in normal biological processes and in disease progression, and summarizes some of the on‐going clinical trials.
The capability to manufacture high quality exosomes is essential for fully realizing their potential as disease biomarkers as well as therapeutic agents. This review informs exosome research and technology development by comparing exosome processing and characterization methods and recommending exosome workflows. The figure shows relative yield, purity, and throughput of different exosome isolation techniques.
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![DABCO‐Catalysed [3+2] Cycli...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/1615-4150/small "DABCO‐Catalysed [3+2] Cyclization/Deformylation Cascade of p‐Quinols with 3‐Formylchromones: Access to Benzopyrone‐Fused Tetracyclic Ring Systems")
