Cu-doped Li4Ti5O12/graphene composite (Cu-LTO@FG) was successfully prepared using a facile hydrothermal process coupled with a freeze-drying process. The Cu-doping can produce a large number of ...structure defects including oxygen vacancies and stacking faults in Li4Ti5O12 nanosheets, greatly improving the intrinsic electrical conductivity. Meanwhile, the graphene network ensures high-efficiency electron conduction and Li+ diffusion not only around the Li4Ti5O12 nanosheets but also through the overall electrode. Thus the as-fabricated composite possesses a continuous conductive path to accelerate the motion of electron and Li+ inside and outside the Li4Ti5O12 nanosheets. The Cu-LTO@FG exhibits superb specific capacity of 177.3 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at 1 C (1 C = 175 mA h g−1), excellent rate capability up to 20 C with a specific capacity of 160.6 mA h g−1, and outstanding cycling stability as anode material for lithium-ion battery. The extraordinary electrochemical performance is related to the improved electronic conductivity and pseudocapacitive effect, which lead to faster surface charge-transfer and excess lithium-ion storage. In addition, benefiting from the synergistic effect of structure defects and graphene network, the Cu-LTO@FG stores more lithium-ion and alleviates agglomeration of the Li4Ti5O12 nanosheets. Thus, the combined strategy with the Cu-doping and graphene network shows its great potential in improving the performance of anode material for high-rate LIBs.
•Cu-doped LTO/graphene composite was prepared by hydrothermal and freeze-drying.•The continuous conductive network was built up by Cu-doping and graphene wrapping.•The composite shows high capacity, rate capability and cycling stability.
Microorganisms can be used for enhancing flavors or metabolizing functional compounds. The fermented-food-derived bacterial strains comprising
,
, and
mixed with
and
were used to ferment goji berry (
...L.) juice in this study. The fermentation abilities and antioxidant capacities of different mixtures of multiple strains in goji juice were compared. The results showed that the lactic acid contents increased 9.24-16.69 times from 25.30 ± 0.71 mg/100 mL in goji juice fermented using the SLV (
,
, and
), SZP (
,
, and
), and SZVP (
,
,
, and
) mixtures, and the protein contents increased 1.31-2.11 times from 39.23 ± 0.67 mg/100 mL. In addition, their contents of volatile compounds increased with positive effects on aroma in the fermented juices. Conversion of the free and bound forms of phenolic acids and flavonoids in juice was influenced by fermentation, and the antioxidant capacity improved significantly. Fermentation enhanced the contents of lactic acid, proteins, volatile compounds, and phenols. The antioxidant capacity was strongly correlated with the phenolic composition.
Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) are commonly recognized by correlative chromatin features, yet the molecular composition of the vast majority of CREs in chromatin remains unknown. Here, we describe ...a CRISPR affinity purification in situ of regulatory elements (CAPTURE) approach to unbiasedly identify locus-specific chromatin-regulating protein complexes and long-range DNA interactions. Using an in vivo biotinylated nuclease-deficient Cas9 protein and sequence-specific guide RNAs, we show high-resolution and selective isolation of chromatin interactions at a single-copy genomic locus. Purification of human telomeres using CAPTURE identifies known and new telomeric factors. In situ capture of individual constituents of the enhancer cluster controlling human β-globin genes establishes evidence for composition-based hierarchical organization. Furthermore, unbiased analysis of chromatin interactions at disease-associated cis-elements and developmentally regulated super-enhancers reveals spatial features that causally control gene transcription. Thus, comprehensive and unbiased analysis of locus-specific regulatory composition provides mechanistic insight into genome structure and function in development and disease.
Display omitted
•dCas9 capture enables analysis of locus-specific chromatin-regulating proteome•dCas9 capture identifies high-resolution locus-specific long-range DNA interactions•Capture of disease-associated CREs uncovers mechanisms for β-globin disorders•Capture of super-enhancers reveals composition-based hierarchical structure
A biotinylated dCas9-based method for simultaneously studying long-range DNA interactions and chromatin-associated proteins at any genomic location.
Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1) is a vital innate immune sensor that regulates inflammation during pathogen invasion. ZBP1 may contribute to pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis in infectious ...diseases. In this study, Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) infection caused periapical inflammation through proinflammatory cell death and ZBP1 was involved in regulating the inflammatory activities caused by F. nucleatum infection in apical periodontitis (AP).
Human periapical tissues were tested by fluorescent in situ hybridization, immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT‒PCR) and western blotting. F. nucleatum-infected and F. nucleatum extracellular vesicles (F. nucleatum-EVs)-treated RAW264.7 cells were used to detect the expression of inflammatory cytokines and different cell death mechanisms by qRT‒PCR and western blotting. ZBP1 expression in F. nucleatum-infected tissues and RAW264.7 cells was detected by qRT‒PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, the expression of ZBP1 was inhibited by siRNA and different cell death pathways, including pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, and inflammatory cytokines were measured in F. nucleatum-infected RAW264.7 cells.
F. nucleatum was detected in AP tissues. F. nucleatum-infected RAW264.7 cells polarized to the M1 phenotype, and this was accompanied by inflammatory cytokine production. High levels of ZBP1 and GSDME (gasdermin E)-mediated pyroptosis, caspase-3-mediated apoptosis and MLKL-mediated necroptosis (PANoptosis) were identified in F. nucleatum-infected tissues and RAW264.7 cells. ZBP1 inhibition reduced inflammatory cytokine secretion and the occurrence of PANoptosis.
The present study identified a previously unknown role of ZBP1 in regulating F. nucleatum-induced proinflammatory cell death and inflammatory activation. Video abstract.
We numerically investigate the evolution of the holographic subregion complexity during a quench process in Einstein-Born-Infeld theory. Based on the subregion CV conjecture, we argue that the ...subregion complexity can be treated as a probe to explore the interior of the black hole. The effects of the nonlinear parameter and the charge on the evolution of the holographic subregion complexity are also investigated. When the charge is sufficiently large, it not only changes the evolution pattern of the subregion complexity, but also washes out the second stage featured by linear growth.
High-performance carbon materials for supercapacitors were prepared by a one-step molten salt carbonization of tobacco stem in molten carbonate. Physicochemical properties of the as-prepared carbon ...materials were studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, as well as electrochemical properties were measured by tests of cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. All of the carbon materials possess hierarchically porous structure with rich self-doping of oxygen for introducing pseudocapacitance and high specific surface area for providing sufficient active sites, and exhibit ideal capacitive behavior with high performance which is comparable to that of commercial activated carbon material. Carbon material obtained by molten salt carbonization for 2 h delivers specific capacitance of 225.3 F/g at 0.2 A/g, energy density of 31.2 Wh/kg at 0.2 A/g and power density of 989.5 W/kg at 2 A/g besides acceptable rate capacity and long-term cyclic stability using a three-electrode configuration in 1 mol/L H
2
SO
4
aqueous solution. Moreover, it possesses specific capacitance of 143.5 F/g at 0.2 A/g, energy density of 5.0 Wh/kg at 0.2 A/g and power density of 491.3 W/kg at 2 A/g besides excellent rate capacity using a symmetrical two-electrode configuration in 6 mol/L KOH aqueous solution. The dependence of the capacitive performance on hierarchically porous structure is also discussed.
Ceria (CeO2) as a support, additive, and active component for heterogeneous catalysis has been demonstrated to have great catalytic performance, which includes excellent thermal structural stability, ...catalytic efficiency, and chemoselectivity. Understanding the surface properties of CeO2 and the chemical reactions occurred on the corresponding interfaces is of great importance in the rational design of heterogeneous catalysts for various reactions. In general, the reversible Ce3+/Ce4+ redox pair and the surface acid-base properties contribute to the superior intrinsic catalytic capability of CeO2, and hence yield enhanced catalytic phenomenon in many reactions. Particularly, nanostructured CeO2 is characterized by a large number of surface-bound defects, which are primarily oxygen vacancies, as the surface active catalytic sites. Many efforts have therefore been made to control the surface defects and properties of CeO2 by various synthetic strategies and post-treatments. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress in regulating the surface structure and composition of CeO2 and its applications in catalysis.
Abstract
Sustainable afterglow room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials, especially afterglow RTP structural materials, are crucial but remain difficult to achieve. Here, an oxidation ...strategy is developed to convert lignin to afterglow materials with a lifetime of ~ 408 ms. Specifically, lignin is oxidized to give aromatic chromophores and fatty acids using H
2
O
2
. The aromatic chromophores are locked by a fatty acid-based matrix by hydrogen bonds, triggering enhanced spin orbit coupling and long afterglow emission. More interestingly, motivated by this discovery, an auto fabrication line is built to convert wood (natural structural materials) to wood with afterglow RTP emission (RTP wood) via in situ oxidation of naturally-occurring lignin located in the wood cell walls to oxidized lignin (OL). The as-prepared RTP wood exhibits great potential for the construction of sustainable afterglow furniture. With this research we provide a new strategy to promote the sustainability of afterglow RTP materials and structural materials.
Reflected entropy in double holography Ling, Yi; Liu, Peng; Liu, Yuxuan ...
The journal of high energy physics,
02/2022, Volume:
2022, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
A
bstract
Recently, the reflected entropy is proposed in holographic approach to describe the entanglement of a bipartite quantum system in a mixed state, which is identified as the area of the ...reflected minimal surface inside the entanglement wedge. In this paper, we study the reflected entropy in the doubly holographic setup, which contains the degrees of freedom of quantum matter in the bulk. In this context, we propose a notion of quantum entanglement wedge cross-section, which may describe the reflected entropy with higher-order quantum corrections. We numerically compute the reflected entropy in pure AdS background and black hole background in four dimensions, respectively. In general, the reflected entropy contains the contribution from the geometry on the brane and the contribution from the CFT. We compute their proportion for different Newton constants and find that their behaviors are in agreement with the results based on the semi-classical gravity and the correlation of CFT coupled to the bath CFT.
Display omitted
•The research progress of UAE for bioactive components was overviewed.•The application of ultrasonic in extracting bioactive components had great potential.•Ultrasonic enhances ...extraction speed and the extracts with better quality and yield.•Ultrasonic ruptures cell walls, aiding content release and improving mass transfer.
The increasing focus on health and well-being has sparked a rising interest in bioactive components in the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. These components are gaining popularity due to their potential benefits for overall health. The growing interest has resulted in a continuous rise in demand for bioactive components, leading to the exploration of both edible and non-edible sources to obtain these valuable substances. Traditional extraction methods like solvent extraction, distillation, and pressing have certain drawbacks, including lower extraction efficiency, reduced yield, and the use of significant amounts of solvents or resources. Furthermore, certain extraction methods necessitate high temperatures, which can adversely affect certain bioactive components. Consequently, researchers are exploring non-thermal technologies to develop environmentally friendly and efficient extraction methods.
Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) is recognized as an environmentally friendly and highly efficient extraction technology. The UAE has the potential to minimize or eliminate the need for organic solvents, thereby reducing its impact on the environment. Additionally, UAE has been found to significantly enhance the production of target bioactive components, making it an attractive method in the industry. The emergence of ultrasonic assisted extraction equipment (UAEE) has presented novel opportunities for research in chemistry, biology, pharmaceuticals, food, and other related fields. However, there is still a need for further investigation into the main components and working modes of UAEE, as current understanding in this area remains limited. Therefore, additional research and exploration are necessary to enhance our knowledge and optimize the application of UAEE. The core aim of this review is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the principles, benefits and impact on bioactive components of UAE, explore the different types of equipment used in this technique, examine the various working modes and control parameters employed in UAE, and provide a detailed overview of the blending of UAE with other emerging extraction technologies. In conclusion, the future development of UAEE is envisioned to focus on achieving increased efficiency, reduced costs, enhanced safety, and improved reliability. These key areas of advancement aim to optimize the performance and practicality of UAEE, making it a more efficient, cost-effective, and reliable extraction technology.
PDF
