Photocatalyst in the supported form is more meaningful in large scale wastewater treatment than using powder material. HZSM-5 zeolite was used to support boron-doped anatase TiO
2
in a sol–gel route ...in this work. The supported B-TiO
2
(20%)/HZSM-5 composite photocatalyst has strong activity on azophloxine degradation. The crystallite size of anatase TiO
2
slightly increased from 6.1 to 8.4 nm when calcination temperature rose from 350 to 450 °C. The bandgap energies were around 3.3 eV for the composites calcined between 350 and 600 °C. The adsorption–desorption isotherm of the composites was the type IV isotherm for mesoporous material. The porous structure in the supported B-TiO
2
layer was responsible for the variations of both BET surface area and pore volume in the composite. The maximum photocatalytic activity was obtained on the sample calcined at 450 °C. After 30 min of irradiation, 61.8% of the initial azophloxine molecules were degraded on the material. The first order reaction rate constant was 0.06168 min
−1
. Photocatalytic degradation efficiency was enhanced with increasing B-TiO
2
concentration when the B-TiO
2
dosage was below 400 mg/L.
Highlights
HZSM-5 zeolite was used to support boron-doped anatase TiO
2
in a sol–gel route.
The bandgap energies were around 3.3 eV for the composites.
Mesopores were formed in the supported B-TiO
2
layer in the composite.
The composite calcined at 450 °C had the maximum photocatalytic activity.
Underwater imagery is plagued by issues such as image blurring and color distortion, which significantly impede the detection and operational capabilities of underwater robots, specifically ...Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs). Previous approaches to image fusion or multi-scale feature fusion based on deep learning necessitated multi-branch image preprocessing prior to merging through fusion modules. However, these methods have intricate network structures and a high demand for computational resources, rendering them unsuitable for deployment on AUVs, which have limited resources at their disposal. To tackle these challenges, we propose a multi-teacher knowledge distillation GAN for underwater image enhancement (MTUW-GAN). Our approach entails multiple teacher networks instructing student networks simultaneously, enabling them to enhance color and detail in degraded images from various perspectives, thus achieving an image-fusion-level performance. Additionally, we employ middle layer channel distillation in conjunction with the attention mechanism to extract and transfer rich middle layer feature information from the teacher model to the student model. By eliminating multiplexed branching and fusion modules, our lightweight student model can directly generate enhanced underwater images through model compression. Furthermore, we introduce a multimodal objective enhancement function to refine the overall framework training, striking a balance between a low computational effort and high-quality image enhancement. Experimental results, obtained by comparing our method with existing approaches, demonstrate the clear advantages of our proposed method in terms of visual quality, model parameters, and real-time performance. Consequently, our method serves as an effective solution for real-time underwater image enhancement, specifically tailored for deployment on AUVs.
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•The fermented and unfermented goji berry juices attenuated dextran sodium sulfate induced colitis.•The probiotics-fermented goji berry juice treatment (FGJ, 20 mL/kg/d) prevented ...histological damage.•FGJ enhanced intestinal integrity and modulated inflammatory cytokines in serum and colon.•The key gut bacteria at the phylums, family and genus level were regulated by FGJ.
This study administered the goji juice (20 mL/kg/d) fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptococcus thermophilus or unfermented juice for male mice for 30 days, then the effects on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis were investigated. The results shown that intaking fermented or unfermented goji juice decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in serum and colon, while increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH). Additionally, intaking fermented or unfermented goji juices decreased intestinal permeability, and modulated gut microbiota at the phylums, family and genus level in ulcerative colitis mice. It is worth noting that the probiotics-fermented goji juice showed better anti-inflammatory effects than unfermented goji juice. These results demonstrated that probiotics-fermentation enhanced the anti-ulcerative colitis function of goji berry juice by regulating oxidative stress and inflammation markers and modulating gut microbiota.
Accurate geopositioning of optical satellite imagery is a fundamental step for many photogrammetric applications. Considering the imaging principle and data processing manner, SAR satellites can ...achieve high geopositioning accuracy. Therefore, SAR data can be a reliable source for providing control information in the orientation of optical satellite images. This paper proposes a practical solution for an accurate orientation of optical satellite images using SAR reference images to take advantage of the merits of SAR data. Firstly, we propose an accurate and robust multimodal image matching method to match the SAR and optical satellite images. This approach includes the development of a new structural-based multimodal applicable feature descriptor that employs angle-weighted oriented gradients (AWOGs) and the utilization of a three-dimensional phase correlation similarity measure. Secondly, we put forward a general optical satellite imagery orientation framework based on multiple SAR reference images, which uses the matches of the SAR and optical satellite images as virtual control points. A large number of experiments not only demonstrate the superiority of the proposed matching method compared to the state-of-the-art methods but also prove the effectiveness of the proposed orientation framework. In particular, the matching performance is improved by about 17% compared with the latest multimodal image matching method, namely, CFOG, and the geopositioning accuracy of optical satellite images is improved, from more than 200 to around 8 m.
Landing site selection is of fundamental importance for lunar landing mission and it is closely related to the scientific goals of the mission. According to the widely concerned lunar science goals ...and the landing site selection of the ongoing lunar missions; China has carried out the selection of landing site for a series of Chang’ E (CE) missions. Under this background, this paper firstly introduced the principles, process, method and result of landing site selection of China’s Lunar Exploration Program (CLEP), and then analyzed the support of the selected landing sites to the corresponding lunar research. This study also pointed out the outcomes that could possibly contribute to the key lunar questions on the basis of the selected landing sites of CE-4 and CE-5 such as deep material in South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin, lunar chronology, volcanic thermodynamics and geological structure evolution history of the Moon. Finally, this approach analyzed the development trend of China’s follow-up lunar landing missions, and suggested that the South Pole Region of the Moon could be the landing site of high priority for the future CE missions.
Cancers develop from the accumulation of somatic mutations, yet it remains unclear how oncogenic lesions cooperate to drive cancer progression. Using a mouse model harboring NRas
and EZH2 mutations ...that recapitulates leukemic progression, we employ single-cell transcriptomic profiling to map cellular composition and gene expression alterations in healthy or diseased bone marrows during leukemogenesis. At cellular level, NRas
induces myeloid lineage-biased differentiation and EZH2-deficiency impairs myeloid cell maturation, whereas they cooperate to promote myeloid neoplasms with dysregulated transcriptional programs. At gene level, NRas
and EZH2-deficiency independently and synergistically deregulate gene expression. We integrate results from histopathology, leukemia repopulation, and leukemia-initiating cell assays to validate transcriptome-based cellular profiles. We use this resource to relate developmental hierarchies to leukemia phenotypes, evaluate oncogenic cooperation at single-cell and single-gene levels, and identify GEM as a regulator of leukemia-initiating cells. Our studies establish an integrative approach to deconvolute cancer evolution at single-cell resolution in vivo.
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•The research progress of UAE for bioactive components was overviewed.•The application of ultrasonic in extracting bioactive components had great potential.•Ultrasonic enhances ...extraction speed and the extracts with better quality and yield.•Ultrasonic ruptures cell walls, aiding content release and improving mass transfer.
The increasing focus on health and well-being has sparked a rising interest in bioactive components in the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. These components are gaining popularity due to their potential benefits for overall health. The growing interest has resulted in a continuous rise in demand for bioactive components, leading to the exploration of both edible and non-edible sources to obtain these valuable substances. Traditional extraction methods like solvent extraction, distillation, and pressing have certain drawbacks, including lower extraction efficiency, reduced yield, and the use of significant amounts of solvents or resources. Furthermore, certain extraction methods necessitate high temperatures, which can adversely affect certain bioactive components. Consequently, researchers are exploring non-thermal technologies to develop environmentally friendly and efficient extraction methods.
Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) is recognized as an environmentally friendly and highly efficient extraction technology. The UAE has the potential to minimize or eliminate the need for organic solvents, thereby reducing its impact on the environment. Additionally, UAE has been found to significantly enhance the production of target bioactive components, making it an attractive method in the industry. The emergence of ultrasonic assisted extraction equipment (UAEE) has presented novel opportunities for research in chemistry, biology, pharmaceuticals, food, and other related fields. However, there is still a need for further investigation into the main components and working modes of UAEE, as current understanding in this area remains limited. Therefore, additional research and exploration are necessary to enhance our knowledge and optimize the application of UAEE. The core aim of this review is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the principles, benefits and impact on bioactive components of UAE, explore the different types of equipment used in this technique, examine the various working modes and control parameters employed in UAE, and provide a detailed overview of the blending of UAE with other emerging extraction technologies. In conclusion, the future development of UAEE is envisioned to focus on achieving increased efficiency, reduced costs, enhanced safety, and improved reliability. These key areas of advancement aim to optimize the performance and practicality of UAEE, making it a more efficient, cost-effective, and reliable extraction technology.
Black holes entangled by radiation Liu, Yuxuan; Xian, Zhuo-Yu; Peng, Cheng ...
The journal of high energy physics,
09/2022, Volume:
2022, Issue:
9
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
A
bstract
We construct three models to describe the scenario where two eternal black holes are separated by a flat space, and can eventually be entangled by exchanging radiation. In the doubly ...holographic setup, we compute the entanglement entropy and mutual information among subsystems and obtain the dynamic phase structure of the entanglement. The formation of entanglement between these two black holes is delayed by the space which the radiation must travel through. If the black holes exchange sufficient Hawking modes, the final state is characterized by a connected entanglement wedge; otherwise, the final entanglement wedge contains two separate islands. In the former case, the entanglement wedge of the black holes forms at the time scale proportional to the size of the flat space between them. While in both cases, the unitarity of the evolution is preserved. When the sizes of the black holes are not equal, we observe a loss of entanglement between the smaller black hole and the radiation at late times. On the field theory side, we consider two Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) clusters coupled to a Majorana chain, which resemble two black holes connected by a radiation region. We numerically compute the same entanglement measures and obtain similar phase structures as the bulk results. In general, a time delay of the entanglement between the SYK clusters is found in cases with a long Majorana chain. In particular, when the SYK clusters are different in size, similar entanglement loss between the smaller SYK cluster and the Majorana chain is observed. Finally, we investigate a chain model composed of EPR clusters with particles exchanging between neighboring clusters and reproduce the features of entanglement observed in the previous models.
Boron-doped TiO2 was supported on HZSM-5 zeolite in a sol-gel route to prepare B-TiO2(x%)/HZSM-5 composites. The composites are composed of anatase TiO2 and HZSM-5 zeolite. The crystallite size of ...anatase TiO2 decreases after loading B-TiO2 on HZSM-5 zeolite. The SEM and TEM images of the composite show the dispersion of the B-TiO2 crystals on the external surface of HZSM-5. The bandgap energies of B-TiO2(x%)/HZSM-5 composites are approximately 3.2 eV. The N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms indicate that B-TiO2 is a mesoporous material and HZSM-5 zeolite is a microporous material. The mesoporous B-TiO2 layer is loaded on the external surface of the zeolite and does not enter into the inner micropores. The XPS results indicate the unchanged chemical environments of both titanium and oxygen in the supported B-TiO2. The B-TiO2(x%)/HZSM-5 composites have higher photocatalytic activity than the unsupported B-TiO2. The optimum B-TiO2 loading content is 20% in the composite, and 55.3% of the original ofloxacin molecules were degraded on the sample after 30 min of irradiation. Photocatalytic oxidation not only causes breaking up of the ofloxacin molecules, but also leads to decomposition of the major functional groups of the ofloxacin molecules.
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