In foggy weather, outdoor safety helmet detection often suffers from low visibility and unclear objects, hindering optimal detector performance. Moreover, safety helmets typically appear as small ...objects at construction sites, prone to occlusion and difficult to distinguish from complex backgrounds, further exacerbating the detection challenge. Therefore, the real-time and precise detection of safety helmet usage among construction personnel, particularly in adverse weather conditions such as foggy weather, poses a significant challenge. To address this issue, this paper proposes the DST-DETR, a framework for foggy weather safety helmet detection. The DST-DETR framework comprises a dehazing module, PAOD-Net, and an object detection module, ST-DETR, for joint dehazing and detection. Initially, foggy images are restored within PAOD-Net, enhancing the AOD-Net model by introducing a novel convolutional module, PfConv, guided by the parameter-free average attention module (PfAAM). This module enables more focused attention on crucial features in lightweight models, therefore enhancing performance. Subsequently, the MS-SSIM + ℓ2 loss function is employed to bolster the model’s robustness, making it adaptable to scenes with intricate backgrounds and variable fog densities. Next, within the object detection module, the ST-DETR model is designed to address small objects. By refining the RT-DETR model, its capability to detect small objects in low-quality images is enhanced. The core of this approach lies in utilizing the variant ResNet-18 as the backbone to make the network lightweight without sacrificing accuracy, followed by effectively integrating the small-object layer into the improved BiFPN neck structure, resulting in CCFF-BiFPN-P2. Various experiments were conducted to qualitatively and quantitatively compare our method with several state-of-the-art approaches, demonstrating its superiority. The results validate that the DST-DETR algorithm is better suited for foggy safety helmet detection tasks in construction scenarios.
Rapid and reliable identification of mineral species is a challenging but crucial task with promising application prospects in mineralogy, metallurgy, and geology. Spectroscopic techniques such as ...laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and Raman spectroscopy (RS) efficiently capture the elemental composition and structural information of minerals, making them a potential tool for in situ and real-time analysis of minerals. This study introduces an integrated LIBS-RS system and the fusion of LIBS and RS spectra coupled with machine learning to classify six different types of natural mineral. In order to visualize the separability of different mineral species clearly, the spectral data were projected into low-dimensional space through t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE). Additionally, the Fisher score (FS) was used to identify important variables that contribute to the data classification, and the corresponding chemical elements and molecular bonds were then interpreted. The between-minerals difference in the feature spectral intensity of LIBS and RS variables could also be observed. After the minerals spectra were pre-processed, the relationship between spectral intensity and the mineral category was modeled using machine learning methods, including partial least squares–discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and kernel extreme learning machine (K-ELM). The results show that K-ELM and PLS-DA based on the fusion LIBS-RS data achieved the highest accuracy of 98.4%. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of the integrated LIBS-RS system combined with machine learning for the fast and reliable classification of minerals.
Hot deformation behaviors of an antibacterial 50Cr15MoVCu tool steel were studied. The flow stress curves presented three typical characteristics: (i) a single peak dynamic recrystallization curve, ...(ii) a monotone incremental work-hardening curve, and (iii) the equilibrium dynamic recovery curve. The flow stress increased with the increase of the deformation rate at each deformation temperature and decreased with the increase of the deformation temperature at the same deformation rate. The thermal activation energy and material constants were Q of 461.6574 kJ/mol, A of 3.42 × 1017, and α of 0.00681 MPa−1, respectively. The high temperature constitutive equation was: Z=ε˙expQ/RT=3.42 × 1017sinh0.0068 × σ5.6807. Based on the processing maps and microstructure evolution, the best hot working process was a deformation temperature of 1050 °C and deformation rate of 0.001 s−1.
Deep learning based methods have achieved state-of-the-art results on the task of ship type classification. However, most existing ship type classification algorithms take time–frequency (TF) ...features as input, the underlying discriminative information of these features has not been explored thoroughly. This paper proposes a novel feature optimization method which is designed to minimize an objective function aimed at increasing inter-class and reducing intra-class feature distance for ship type classification. The objective function we design is able to learn a center for each class and make samples from the same class closer to the corresponding center. This ensures that the features maximize underlying discriminative information involved in the data, particularly for some targets that usually confused by the conventional manual designed feature. Results on the dataset from a real environment show that the proposed feature optimization approach outperforms traditional TF features.
The corrected ultraviolet-visible light spectrum was used to calculate the color of synthetic rubies with different light path lengths, and the influence of light path length and standard light ...source on the color of synthetic ruby was studied. The results show that the difference in colour between the o light direction and the e light direction of the synthetic ruby decreases as the length of the light path increases. At the same time, as the length of the light path increases, the lightness L* decreases, and the hue angle h° increases. The chroma C* first increases as the length of the light path increases, and then begins to decrease under the influence of the continuous decrease in lightness. The color difference ΔE*
reaches the maximum when the light path length is around 10 mm, and the standard light source has the greatest influence on the color difference ΔE*
. As the length of the light path continues to increase, the influence of the standard light source on the color difference ΔE*
decreases. In the ultraviolet-visible light spectrum, the strong absorption band of Cr
at 545 nm is the main cause of the color of the ruby. The larger the area of the band at 545 nm, the lower the lightness and the higher the hue angle, which means the ruby colour is redder.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy with high mortality. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying CRC remain unclear. Controversies over the exact functions of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) ...in the progression of CRC have been prevailing for multiple years. Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated the regulatory roles of ncRNAs in various human cancers, including CRC. The intracellular signaling pathways by which ncRNAs act on tumor cells have been explored, and in CRC, various studies have identified numerous dysregulated ncRNAs that serve as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in the process of tumorigenesis through diverse mechanisms. In this review, we have summarized the functions and mechanisms of ncRNAs (mainly lncRNAs, miRNAs, and circRNAs) in the tumorigenesis of CRC. We also discuss the potential applications of ncRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic tools, as well as therapeutic targets in CRC. This review details strategies that trigger the recognition of CRC-related ncRNAs, as well as the methodologies and challenges of studying these molecules, and the forthcoming clinical applications of these findings.
Yellow jadeite is a kind of jadeite caused by secondary leaches. With a certain degree of transparency, its color is usually influenced by the objective conditions including light source and ...background. In this paper, 19 Munsell neutral value scales were selected to study the impact caused by background under the standard light source D65, where we found that the N9.5 Value Scale is suitable for color grading. All 33 yellow jadeites were tested by UV-VIS spectrophotometer and colorimetric analysis, and the colors were graded by the affinity propagation (AP) and K-means clustering methods. According to the result, the yellow jadeite color was classified into Fancy, Fancy Intense, Fancy Deep, and Fancy Light. It is also concluded that AP is more feasible to provide the color grading scheme, while K-means can be applied to the optimization of choosing clustering center.
Improving thermal ice melting efficiency is very important in the practical application of anti-icing surfaces. This work investigated the thermal ice melting performance of micro-nano-structured ...surfaces fabricated by femtosecond laser. To the best of our knowledge, we found that the micro-nano-structured surfaces significantly improve the ice melting time for the first time. The shortest melting time was on the porous micro-nano-structured surface, about one third of the original surface. Moreover, it was proven that the accelerated ice melting surface had good durability. The research in this paper showed that the micro-nano-structured surfaces are very suitable for the surface that needs to be heated to melt ice, providing essential guidance for the design of the anti-icing surface.
Current cancer therapies often fall short in addressing the complexities of malignancies, underscoring the urgent need for innovative treatment strategies. RNA interference technology, which ...specifically suppresses gene expression, offers a promising new approach in the fight against tumors. Recent studies have identified a novel immunostimulatory small-interfering RNA (siRNA) with a unique sequence (sense strand, 5'-C; antisense strand, 3'-GGG) capable of activating the RIG-I/IRF3 signaling pathway. This activation induces the release of type I and III interferons, leading to an effective antiviral immune response. However, this class of immunostimulatory siRNA has not yet been explored in cancer therapy.
IsiBCL-2, an innovative immunostimulatory siRNA designed to suppress the levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), contains a distinctive motif (sense strand, 5'-C; antisense strand, 3'-GGG). Glioblastoma cells were subjected to 100 nM isiBCL-2 treatment in vitro for 48 h. Morphological changes, cell viability (CCK-8 assay), proliferation (colony formation assay), migration/invasion (scratch test and Transwell assay), apoptosis rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were evaluated. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses were performed to assess RIG-I and MHC-I molecule levels, and ELISA was utilized to measure the levels of cytokines (IFN-β and CXCL10). In vivo heterogeneous tumor models were established, and the anti-tumor effect of isiBCL-2 was confirmed through intratumoral injection.
IsiBCL-2 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on glioblastoma cell growth and induced apoptosis. BCL-2 mRNA levels were significantly decreased by 67.52%. IsiBCL-2 treatment resulted in an apoptotic rate of approximately 51.96%, accompanied by a 71.76% reduction in MMP and a 41.87% increase in ROS accumulation. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses demonstrated increased levels of RIG-I, MAVS, and MHC-I following isiBCL-2 treatment. ELISA tests indicated a significant increase in IFN-β and CXCL10 levels. In vivo studies using nude mice confirmed that isiBCL-2 effectively impeded the growth and progression of glioblastoma tumors.
This study introduces an innovative method to induce innate signaling by incorporating an immunostimulatory sequence (sense strand, 5'-C; antisense strand, 3'-GGG) into siRNA, resulting in the formation of RNA dimers through Hoogsteen base-pairing. This activation triggers the RIG-I signaling pathway in tumor cells, causing further damage and inducing a potent immune response. This inventive design and application of immunostimulatory siRNA offer a novel perspective on tumor immunotherapy, holding significant implications for the field.
Corneal ectatic diseases are a group of corneal disorder characterized by the steepening and thinning of the cornea. Older people are not a high-risk population for corneal ectatic diseases; due to ...the lack of typical preoperative topographic manifestations, there is a high possibility that corneal ectasia is undetected.
Two patients with subclinical corneal ectasia and senile cataracts presented with irregular astigmatism after steep-axis incision during cataract surgery. The two cases presented in this case report are rare because both patients experienced tremendous changes in astigmatism after cataract surgery.
This case report may shed some light on astigmatism-correcting steep-axis incisions in cataract surgeries.
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