Lung cancer is the most common malignancy and the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. While smoking is by far the leading cause of lung cancer, other environmental and genetic factors influence ...the development and progression of the cancer. Since unique mutations patterns have been observed in individual cancer samples, identification and characterization of the distinctive lung cancer molecular profile is essential for developing more effective, tailored therapies. Until recently, personalized DNA sequencing to identify genetic mutations in cancer was impractical and expensive. The recent technological advancements in next-generation DNA sequencing, such as the semiconductor-based Ion Torrent sequencing platform, has made DNA sequencing cost and time effective with more reliable results. Using the Ion Torrent Ampliseq Cancer Panel, we sequenced 737 loci from 45 cancer-related genes to identify genetic mutations in 76 human lung cancer samples. The sequencing analysis revealed missense mutations in KRAS, EGFR, and TP53 genes in the breast cancer samples of various histologic types. Thus, this study demonstrates the necessity of sequencing individual human cancers in order to develop personalized drugs or combination therapies to effectively target individual, breast cancer-specific mutations.
To determine whether intraoperative transfusion of allogeneic or autologous blood is associated with an increased incidence of postoperative delirium (POD) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and ...total hip arthroplasty (THA).
The medical records of 1,143 older (≥65 years old) patients who received an intraoperative blood transfusion while undergoing total knee or hip arthroplasty at the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from 2014 to 2019 were reviewed; of these patients, 742 (64.92%) received allogeneic blood, while 401 (35.08%) received autologous blood. Patients who received autologous transfusion were paired with those received allogeneic transfusion using 1:1 propensity score matching method. The primary outcome was POD. The secondary outcomes were postoperative complications, including heart failure, deep vein thrombosis, myocardial infarction, stroke, and lung infection. Multivariable nominal logistic regression was used to identify any independent associations between intraoperative blood transfusions and POD, and secondary postoperative complications, respectively.
Postoperative delirium occurred in 6.6% (49/742) of patients who had received an allogeneic blood transfusion and in 2.0% (8/401) of patients who had received an autologous blood transfusion. It is noteworthy that the multivariable logistic regression demonstrated a significant association between intraoperative allogeneic blood transfusion and POD (odds ratio OR: 4.11; 95% confidence interval CI: 1.95-9.77;
< 0.001). After PSM, Allogeneic transfusion was also the strongest predictor for POD (OR: 4.43; 95% CI: 2.09-10.58;
< 0.001).
In the patients who had received THA or TKA, intraoperative allogeneic blood transfusions were associated with an increased risk of POD.
The present study investigated the water quality index, microbial composition and antimicrobial resistance genes in urban water habitats. Combined chemicals testing, metagenomic analyses and ...qualitative PCR (qPCR) were conducted on 20 locations, including rivers from hospital surrounds (
= 7), community surrounds (
= 7), and natural wetlands (
= 6). Results showed that the indexes of total nitrogen, phosphorus, and ammonia nitrogen of hospital waters were 2-3 folds high than that of water from wetlands. Bioinformatics analysis revealed a total of 1,594 bacterial species from 479 genera from the three groups of water samples. The hospital-related samples had the greatest number of unique genera, followed by those from wetlands and communities. The hospital-related samples contained a large number of bacteria associated with the gut microbiome, including
,
,
,
,
, and
, which were all significantly enriched compared to samples from the wetlands. Nevertheless, the wetland waters enriched bacteria from
,
and
, which are typically associated with aquatic environments. The presence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) that were associated with different species origins in each water sample was observed. The majority of ARGs from hospital-related samples were carried by bacteria from
,
and various genera from
, which each was associated with multiple ARGs. In contrast, the ARGs that were exclusively in samples from communities and wetlands were carried by species that encoded only 1 to 2 ARGs each and were not normally associated with human infections. The qPCR showed that water samples of hospital surrounds had higher concentrations of
and antimicrobial resistance genes such as
and other beta-lactam genes. Further genes of functional metabolism reported that the enrichment of genes associated with the degradation/utilization of nitrate and organic phosphodiester were detected in water samples around hospitals and communities compared to those from wetlands. Finally, correlations between the water quality indicators and the number of ARGs were evaluated. The presence of total nitrogen, phosphorus, and ammonia nitrogen were significantly correlated with the presence of
and
. Furthermore,
exhibited a significant correlation with
,
, and
, indicating a prevalence of ARGs in urban water environments might be due to the integron
's diffusion-promoting effect. However, the high abundance of ARGs was limited to the waters around the hospital, and we did not observe the geographical transfer of ARGs along with the river flow. This may be related to water purifying capacity of natural riverine wetlands. Taken together, continued surveillance is required to assess the risk of bacterial horizontal transmission and its potential impact on public health in the current region.
We numerically investigate the surface Brillouin scattering (surface-BS) in a transverse Anderson localization (TAL) guiding silica glass-air disordered optical fiber (DOF) with random air-holes. The ...normalized light intensity profiles of light beams propagating along DOF at different launch positions are obtained, which confirms the TAL mechanism. Then, the surface-BS in DOF is numerically investigated by the equation of elastodynamics with the electrostriction. It is found that there are two main peaks in the surface-BS spectrum and the Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) is sensitive to the air-fill fraction of DOF. Furthermore, the feasibility of longitudinal structural fluctuations evaluating of DOF by the Brillouin optical time-domain analysis technique is analyzed and discussed. The average sensitivity of BFS to the air-fill fraction is simulated to obtain an optimal performance in practical application. This paper is an interesting theoretical enlightenment for combining the novel concepts of surface-BS and DOF, also a useful exploration of longitudinal structural evaluating method for special optical fibers with microstructures.
Random-pattern skin flap replantation is generally used in the reconstruction of surgical tissues and covering a series of skin flap defects. However, ischemia often occurs at the flap distal parts, ...which lead to flap necrosis. Previous studies have shown that andrographolide (Andro) protects against ischemic cardiovascular diseases, but little is known about the effect of Andro on flap viability. Thus, our study aimed to building a model of random-pattern skin flap to understand the mechanism of Andro-induced effects on flap survival. In this study, fifty-four mice were randomly categorized into the control, Andro group, and the Andro+3-methyladenine group. The skin flap samples were obtained on postoperative day 7. Subsequently, the tissue samples were underwent a series of evaluations such as changes in the appearance of flap tissue, the intensity of blood flow, and neovascularization density of skin flap. In our study, the results revealed that Andro enhanced the viability of random skin flaps by enhancing angiogenesis, inhibiting apoptosis, and reducing oxidative stress. Furthermore, our results have also demonstrated that the administration of Andro caused an elevation in the autophagy, and these remarkable impact of Andro were reversed by 3-methyladenine (3-MA), the most common autophagy inhibitor. Together, our data proves novel evidence that Andro is a potent modulator of autophagy capable of significantly increasing random-pattern skin flap survival.
According to the activity–structure relationship of the C-13 side chain in paclitaxel or docetaxel, eighteen novel paclitaxel–dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) hybrids were designed and synthesized by ...Pd(II)-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of 17-trifluoromethanesulfonic enolate-DHEA with different aryl boronic acids. The in vitro anticancer activity of the hybrids against a human liver cancer cell line (HepG-2) was evaluated by MTT assay, showing that most of these hybrids possessed moderate antiproliferative activity against the HepG-2 cancer cell line. Among these hybrids, three ones (7b, 7g, and 7i) with ortho-substituents in the phenyl group of the D-ring of DHEA analogues exhibited moderate anticancer activity. The optimal compound 7i showed superior anticancer activity against the HepG-2 cell line with an IC50 value of 26.39 μM.
The influences of the crystallographic orientation and morphological alignment upon the magnetic anisotropic behavior of polycrystalline materials were investigated. Microstructures obtained in ...eutectic Mn-Sb alloys via directional solidification simultaneously displayed crystallographic orientation and morphological alignment. Both the crystallographic orientation and the morphological alignment were able to induce magnetic anisotropy in the alloys, wherein the influence of the crystallographic orientation and the morphological alignment upon the magnetic anisotropic behavior of the alloys strongly depended upon their directions and exhibited either mutual promotion or competition. These findings may provide useful guidance for the fabrication design of functional magnetic materials.
•We study effects of orientation in crystal and morphology on magnetic anisotropy.•Both orientation in crystal and morphology can induce magnetic anisotropy.•Their effects depend on direction and exhibit either mutual promotion or competition.
Postoperative delirium is a common complication in older patients, with poor long-term outcomes. This study aimed to investigate risk factors and develop a predictive model for postoperative delirium ...in older patients after major abdominal surgery.
This study retrospectively recruited 7577 patients aged ≥ 65 years who underwent major abdominal surgery between January 2014 and December 2018 in a single hospital in Beijing, China. Patients were divided into a training cohort (n = 5303) and a validation cohort (n = 2224) for univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses and to build a nomogram. Data were collected for 43 perioperative variables, including demographics, medical history, preoperative laboratory results, imaging, and anesthesia information.
Age, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, white blood cell count, glucose, total protein, creatinine, emergency surgery, and anesthesia time were associated with postoperative delirium in multivariate analysis. We developed a nomogram based on the above 8 variables. The nomogram achieved areas under the curve of 0.731 and 0.735 for the training and validation cohorts, respectively. The discriminatory ability of the nomogram was further assessed by dividing the cases into three risk groups (low-risk, nomogram score < 175; medium-risk, nomogram score 175~199; high-risk, nomogram score > 199; P < 0.001). Decision curve analysis revealed that the nomogram provided a good net clinical benefit.
We developed a nomogram that could predict postoperative delirium with high accuracy and stability in older patients after major abdominal surgery.
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