″Nano-metamaterials″, rationally designed novel class metamaterials with multilevel microarchitectures and both characteristic sizes and whole sizes at the nanoscale, are introduced into the area of ...drug delivery system (DDS), and the relationship between release profile and treatment efficacy at the single-cell level is revealed for the first time. Fe
-core-shell-corona nano-metamaterials (Fe
-CSCs) are synthesized using a dual-kinetic control strategy. The hierarchical structure of Fe
-CSCs, with a homogeneous interior core, an onion-like shell, and a hierarchically porous corona. A novel polytonic drug release profile occurred, which consists of three sequential stages: burst release, metronomic release, and sustained release. The Fe
-CSCs results in overwhelming accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytoplasm ROS, and mitochondrial ROS in tumor cells and induces unregulated cell death. This cell death modality causes cell membranes to form blebs, seriously corrupting cell membranes to significantly overcome the drug-resistance issues. It is first demonstrated that nano-metamaterials of well-defined microstructures can modulate drug release profile at the single cell level, which in turn alters the downstream biochemical reactions and subsequent cell death modalities. This concept has significant implications in the drug delivery area and can serve to assist in designing potential intelligent nanostructures for novel molecular-based diagnostics and therapeutics.
Increasingly intricate in their multilevel multiscale microarchitecture, metamaterials with unique physical properties are challenging the inherent constraints of natural materials. Their ...applicability in the nanomedicine field still suffers because nanomedicine requires a maximum size of tens to hundreds of nanometers; however, this size scale has not been achieved in metamaterials. Therefore, “nano‐metamaterials,” a novel class of metamaterials, are introduced, which are rationally designed materials with multilevel microarchitectures and both characteristic sizes and whole sizes at the nanoscale, investing in themselves remarkably unique and significantly enhanced material properties as compared with conventional nanomaterials. Microarchitectural regulation through conventional thermodynamic strategy is limited since the thermodynamic process relies on the frequency‐dependent effective temperature, Teff(ω), which limits the architectural regulation freedom degree. Here, a novel dual‐kinetic control strategy is designed to fabricate nano‐metamaterials by freezing a high‐free energy state in a Teff(ω)‐constant system, where two independent dynamic processes, non‐solvent induced block copolymer (BCP) self‐assembly and osmotically driven self‐emulsification, are regulated simultaneously. Fe3+‐“onion‐like core@porous corona” (Fe3+‐OCPCs) nanoparticles (the products) have not only architectural complexity, porous corona and an onion‐like core but also compositional complexity, Fe3+ chelating BCP assemblies. Furthermore, by using Fe3+‐OCPCs as a model material, a microstructure‐biological performance relationship is manifested in nano‐metamaterials.
“Nano‐metamaterials,” a novel class of metamaterials, are introduced, which are rationally designed materials with multilevel microarchitectures and both characteristic sizes and whole sizes at the nanoscale, investing in themselves remarkably unique material properties as compared with conventional nanomaterials. A dual‐kinetic control strategy to fabricate nano‐metamaterials is presented, regulating osmotically driven self‐emulsification and nonsolvent‐induced block copolymer self‐assembly simultaneously.
How to resolve contradictions between the nanoscale size and high saturation magnetization (M s) remains one of the scientific challenges in nanoscale magnetism as the theoretical optimal M s of ...nanocrystals is compromised by the surface spin disorder. Here, we proposed a novel nanotechnology solution, heterointerface constructions of exchange-coupling core–shell nanocrystals, to rearrange the surface spin for the enhancement of M s of nanomagnetic materials. As a demonstration of this principle, single-interface coupling FePt@Fe3‑δO4 core/shell nanocrystals and multi-interface coupling FePt@Fe3‑δO4@MFe2O4 (M = Mn or Co) core/shell/shell nanocrystals were synthesized. The simulated and experimental results demonstrated that constructing coupling heterointerfaces orientates the overall magnetic moment, ultimately enhancing the M s of nanomagnetic materials. Moreover, this work first demonstrated that the origin of coupling heterointerfaces arose from mismatched lattices rather than chemical composition mismatch at the core–shell interfaces, thus providing both a solution to unite different mechanisms and an explanation to explain the exchange coupling at heterointerfaces.
The investigation of intestinal microbiota can provide evidence for revealing the growth and development regulation, feeding habits, environmental adaptability and pollutant indication of marine ...organisms. To data, the intestinal microbiota of marine organisms in the South China Sea is relatively lacking. To supplement these information, we sequenced intestinal microbiota from five fishery resources (including Auxis rochei, A. thazard, Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis, Thunnus albacores, and Coryphaena equiselis) in the South China Sea using high-throughput Illumina sequencing technology. After filtering, a total of 18,706,729 reads were finally produced and then clustered into OTUs. The mean number of OTUs detected in A. rochei, A. thazard, C. equiselis, S. oualaniensis, and T. albacores was 127, 137, 52, 136, and 142, respectively. Although the Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Deferribacteres, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes, Thermi, and unclassified_Bacteria were the most abundant in the five species, Photobacterium is the most abundant microbiota. Meanwhile, intestinal microbiota showed species- and sampling sites- specificity, thus only 84 microbiota species were common to all species. Additionally, the potential functions of OTUs in the five species is mainly involved in the synthesis and metabolism of carbohydrate, amino acid, fatty acid and vitamin. This study can provide basic data for clarifying the diversity and species- specificity of intestinal microbiota of five species in the South China Sea, and help to improve the intestinal microbiota database of marine organisms.
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•The intestinal microbiota from five fishery resources in the South China Sea were first sequenced.•Eighty-four microbiota species were common to five species.•The potential functions of OTUs in the five species is mainly involved in the material synthesis and metabolism.
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Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures offer new platforms for exploring novel physics and diverse applications ranging from electronics and photonics to ...optoelectronics at the nanoscale. The studies to date have largely focused on transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) based samples prepared by mechanical exfoliation method, therefore it is of significant interests to study high-quality vdW heterostructures using novel materials prepared by a versatile method. Here, we report a two-step vapor phase growth process for the creation of high-quality vdW heterostructures based on perovskites and TMDCs, such as 2D Cs3Bi2I9/MoSe2, with a large lattice mismatch. Supported by experimental and theoretical investigations, we discover that the Cs3Bi2I9/MoSe2 vdW heterostructure possesses hybrid band alignments consisting of type-I and type-II heterojunctions because of the existence of defect energy levels in Cs3Bi2I9. More importantly, we demonstrate that the type-II heterojunction in the Cs3Bi2I9/MoSe2 vdW heterostructure not only shows a higher interlayer exciton density, but also exhibits a longer interlayer exciton lifetime than traditional 2D TMDCs based type-II heterostructures. We attribute this phenomenon to the reduced overlap of electron and hole wavefunctions caused by the large lattice mismatch. Our work demonstrates that it is possible to directly grow high-quality vdW heterostructures based on entirely different materials which provide promising platforms for exploring novel physics and cutting-edge applications, such as optoelectronics, valleytronics, and high-temperature superfluidity.
The heterogeneity in biofilms is a major challenge in biofilm therapies due to different susceptibility of bacteria and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to antibacterial agents. Here, we ...describe a therapeutic strategy that overcame biofilm heterogeneity, where antibacterial agent (NO) and EPS dispersant (reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐inducing Fe3+) were separately loaded in the yolk and shell compartment of a yolk–shell nanoplatform. Compared with traditional combinational chemotherapies which suffer from inconsistent pharmacokinetics profiles, this strategy drew on the pharmacokinetic complementarity of ROS and NO, where ROS with a short diffusion distance and a high redox potential corrupted the EPS, facilitating NO, which has a long diffusion distance and a broad antimicrobial spectrum, to penetrate the biofilm and eliminate the resident bacteria. Additionally, the construction of a three‐dimensional spherical biofilm model is novel and clinically relevant.
A therapeutic strategy to overcome biofilm heterogeneity is presented, in which antibacterial agent (NO) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) dispersant (reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐inducing Fe3+) are separately loaded in the yolk and shell compartment of a yolk–shell nanoplatform. The spatiotemporally ordered release manner and pharmacokinetic complementarity of ROS and NO improve the anti‐biofilm outcome synergistically.
The heterogeneity in biofilm is a major challenge in biofilm therapies due to different susceptibility of bacteria and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to antibacterial agents. Here, we ...described a therapeutic strategy that overcame biofilm heterogeneity, where antibacterial agent (NO) and EPS dispersant (reactive oxygen species (ROS)-inducing Fe 3+ ) were separately loaded in the yolk and shell compartment of a yolk-shell nanoplatform. Compared with traditional combinational chemotherapies which suffer from inconsistent pharmacokinetics profiles, this strategy drew on the pharmacokinetic complementarity of ROS and NO, where ROS with a short diffusion distance and a high redox potential corrupted the EPS, facilitating NO, which has a long diffusion distance and a broad antimicrobial spectrum, to penetrate the biofilm and eliminate the resident bacteria. Additionally, the construction of three-dimensional spherical biofilm model is novel and clinically relevant.
