The port cities of Trieste, Rijeka, and Koper all lie in the northern Adriatic, although in three different countries: Italy, Croatia, and Slovenia. The greatest advantage of this port city region is ...its geostrategic location: it connects Western Europe with the Danube region, the Balkans, Eastern Europe, and Asia Minor. This location is also the greatest threat to the region’s stability, for countries, cities, and ports are always struggling for political and economic dominance. This article first defines approaches to urban resilience and various forms of capacity and vulnerability. It then identifies the key factors in the three cities’ resilience or lack of it over two thousand years. Finally, it shows how these notions are visible in the more recent past and present of each port city.
The focus of this study is to integrate the DEX (Decision EXpert) decision-modeling method in architectural and urban design (A & UD) competitions. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of ...integrating the DEX (Decision EXpert) decision-modeling method into the evaluation process of A & UD competitions to enhance decision-making transparency, objectivity, and efficiency. By using symbolic values in decision models, the approach offers a more user-friendly alternative to the conventional jury decision-making process. The practical application of the DEX method is demonstrated in the Rhinoceros 3D environment to show its effectiveness in evaluating A & UD competition project solutions related to the development of the smart city. The results indicate that the DEX method, with its hierarchical and symbolic values, significantly improves the simplicity of the evaluation process in A & UD competitions, aligning it with the objectives of the smart cities. This method provides an efficient, accessible, and viable alternative to other multi-criteria decision-making approaches. This study importantly contributes to the field of architectural decision making by merging qualitative multi-criteria decision models into the CAD environment, thus supporting more informed, objective, and transparent decision-making processes in the planning and development of smart cities.
Ports are clearly demarcated structures on land and water. They are fenced in, easily recognizable on satellite and orthophoto images, and they have specific functions. This apparent clarity of ...ports, their function and outline, in relation to nearby urban and rural areas, becomes more complex when explored through the lens of land use, that is the existing and planned future functional dimension or socio-economic purpose of the land. In contrast to urban and rural areas, where land use has been mapped and defined for centuries, the use and function of land and water in port areas has long been multifunctional and not defined on land use maps. This raises questions about the role and understanding of port territory in relation to neighboring spaces, past, and present. This article first defines land use and describes its historical development. Scholars from various disciplines, including geographers, planners, and economists, have addressed the issue of land use in port areas. Land use patterns have emerged over time and are based on earlier demarcations of port areas and distinctions between port and city. As shown by the historical port city borders in Hamburg, Rotterdam, and Koper, these delimitations can change over time, by location and by function. The land use register has only recently been harmonized at the European level. European and national registers distinguish existing and planned land use in port areas differently. Mixed uses prevail in new port interventions, creating a new kind of permeability or porosity; that is, areas where port, urban and rural functions merge. New land use porosity is a particular state of land use (on both sides of the boundaries of port areas) that goes beyond the physical boundaries marked by fences. Land use porosity effectively creates land use continuity, a functional porosity that serves as a hidden blueprint for future planning. Understanding land use porosity can provide a foundation for novel approaches to the development of transition strategies that are needed to address contemporary challenges, including climate change and sea level rise, digitization, and new work and life practices in port city regions. In conclusion, we note that due to the porosity of land use patterns, the separation between the present port and the city is beginning to crumble. However, this process has yet to be made fully visible and used as a basis for design.
Industrial symbiosis (IS) recognizes the exchange of waste resources and by-products between companies that do not normally cooperate in resource exchange; on the other hand, urban symbiosis (UrS) ...recognizes the use of solid waste in cities as input sources for industries that do not normally accept these sources. It is difficult to realize both in a pre-planned process, and there are few successful initiatives based on the exchange of waste and energy. The main objective of this research is to find out whether there are urban strategies that support the emergence, existence and development of IS and/or UrS in Slovenia. National documents, networks, projects, programs, and national statistical sources were examined. The Integrated Sustainable Urban Development Strategies (ISUSD) for eleven cities and municipalities were reviewed against ten selected indicators. The main findings are that there is intense awareness raising on IS and UrS, and adequate overall legislative support, aligned with EU legislation. Nevertheless, there has been surprisingly less waste conversion to energy recovery since 2010. The reuse of by-products either for energy or new products is non-existent or negligible. Selected main urban strategies for cities in Slovenia are far from setting more concrete guidelines for the development of IS and/or UrS. In the future, more successful integration of IS and UrS is possible in the context of regeneration development of brownfield sites.
The southern inner ring road in Ljubljana, Slovenia was equipped with low-cost sensors supported by the Telraam integrated platform. The sensors were built with open-source components (Raspberry PI). ...The software is running, and the counting data is collected and analysed via an internet portal (www.telraam.com). The Telraam sensor counts pedestrians, cyclists, cars and freight/heavy vehicles using the images provided by the device sensor and the analysis performed by the “Raspberry Pi” (a small computer on which the device is based). The sensor software uses the size and speed of the passing object to determine and classify the different vehicles. The classification is based on the average observed full value and the axis ratio of each observed object (which meets a set of criteria that helps filter out any movement in the field of view that should be associated with road users). The five traffic sensors camera is mounted directly on the inside of the window glass facing the street at varying distances from the road (from 3 to 15 meters), where they count traffic only during daylight hours, update their count every hour and separate car traffic by direction.
Prishtina is the capital city and at the same time the fastest-growing city of Kosovo, which is an eastern European country that is both a developing country and a post-conflict country dealing with ...poverty and underdevelopment. Kosovo separated from Yugoslavia in 1999, and since then it has experienced various development stages, transformations, and radical changes regarding urban planning, society, and the political system. Urban planning in combination with local politics that had no visionary urban strategies resulted in the failure of Prishtina's planning to direct massive growth towards sustainable urban development. To confirm this hypothesis, Prishtina is studied using a set of fifteen principles of green urbanism, which serves as a tool to assess Prishtina's sustainability principles. The results show that postwar urban development patterns have been unsustainable thus far. Prishtina lacks the majority of sustainable city principles, but there have also been positive aspects of city development. The question remains whether Kosovo as a developing country should follow the same unsustainable steps as developed countries to catch up with them, or whether it could use other means such as universities, which can act as think tanks for transforming cities. The findings of this study can be used as a reference for existing development patterns and can provide guidance for future sustainable urban planning and developments in Prishtina.
The types of relationships between buildings, settlements, and terraces are numerous, and sometimes they can represent a pattern that occurs in a particular region. Because the aim of civil and other ...initiatives is to protect terraced landscapes from the prejudice of marginality and ignorance, extended studies may be expected in this vast field of case studies. The creative phases are 3) marking passages between key locations that are oriented towards natural space, or earthly phenomena, or have guides such as mountain peaks or constellations, or, on a smaller scale, markings carved In a trunk along the way; such markings are of vital significance: the path must remain known If people want to exploit the area safely, and 4) the creation of the first spatial agglomeration. The question Is what kind of relationship exists between the analytical and creative phases when leveled platforms are built: are they part of the analytical phase or the creative phase? THE FIRST SETTLEMENT AND THE TERRACED LANDSCAPE The descriptions In the Introductory part can be presented using the example of Lepenski VIr, which Is one of the best-known Mesolithic and Early Neolithic sites not only in Europe but in the world2 and one of the best examples of the so-called Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in Europe.3 The Danube Gorges, an area embracing a 130 km tion of Danube Valley along the Serbian-Romanian border, were probably continuously populated at least between 10,000 and 5500 cal BC.4 There is an assumption that intensified fishing led to the prolonged stay of human groups in the area and consequently to the formation of the first (semi)sedentary settlements.5 The riverside terraces were certainly favorable for fishing and hunting wildfowl because they were close to large whirlpools and small river tributaries.6 The settlement sits in a narrow terraced belt between the river and the forest. ...a phenomenon can occur only in a society that lives practically permanently in one location.18 The excavators and researchers of Lepenski Vir19 speculated that the form of the house was related to the body position (sitting with crossed legs) of Burial 69 at Lepenski Vir.20 Authors such as Radovanovic21 and Boric22 have published interpretations that emphasize the significance of body position and orientation in relation to the landscape.
The paper compares methods and results concerning the two most recent inventories of brownfield sites in Slovenia: while the MOP inventory focuses more on spatial planning issues, the MGRT inventory ...concentrates more on economic issues. Therefore, the two methodologies used cannot be properly combined and a new methodology for brownfields inventory is only able to adopt certain elements of each.
U radu se prikazuju metode i rezultati koji se odnose na usporedbu dva novija popisa brownfield lokacija u Sloveniji: popis MOP-a usmjeren na probleme prostornog planiranja i popis MGRT-a usmjeren na gospodarske probleme. Stoga se dvije korištene metodologije ne mogu adekvatno kombinirati. Nova metodologija za izradu popisa brownfield lokacija mogla bi usvojiti neke elemente iz obje postojeće.
Negotiations between the public and private sectors in the urban regeneration process can help achieve public interest objectives. Two conventional urban indicators, the floor area ratio FAR and the ...site coverage ratio SCR, are used as steering instruments to examine the success of the city’s entrance into dynamic negotiations with private owners. A comparison of the starting development vision and final result at the conclusion of the negotiations shows that the negotiation process has yielded significant benefits for all parties involved.
Terraced landscapes are important to the cultural and environmental characteristics of many regions worldwide. Accurate and comprehensive documentation of these landscapes is challenging, especially ...when inventorying dry-stone walled terraced landscapes and abandoned agricultural terraces. Even inventory methods based on LIDAR and fieldwork do not capture all of the mapped information. To address this challenge, the study proposed the inclusion of additional data sources into the inventory process, specifically aerial photographs from drones and photographs taken with advanced GPS devices. The combination of already-tested methods and other data sources enabled a more comprehensive and accurate inventory process. The improved methodology was tested in three cadastral municipalities of the Vipava Valley (Črniče, Gojače and Vrtovin), where the terraces have predominantly dry-stone risers with different heights. A large percentage of the terraced landscape in the selected cadastral municipalities is abandoned, so the terraced structures are overgrown by vegetation and forest; in Gojače, almost half of the terraced landscape is like this. In some places, the terraced landscape has become almost completely unrecognizable. With an improved inventory methodology, both active and abandoned agricultural terraces can be mapped.
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