Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis represents a dominant woody lineage in East Asian evergreen broadleaved forests. Regardless of its ecological and economic importance, little is known about the ...genomes of species in this unique oak lineage. Quercus glauca is one of the most widespread tree species in the section Cyclobalanopsis. In this study, a high‐quality haplotype‐resolved reference genome was assembled for Q. glauca from PacBio HiFi and Hi‐C reads. The genome size, contig N50, and scaffold N50 measured 902.88, 7.60, and 69.28 Mb, respectively, for haplotype1, and 913.28, 7.20, and 71.53 Mb, respectively, for haplotype2. A total of 37,457 and 38,311 protein‐coding genes were predicted in haplotype1 and haplotype2, respectively. Homologous chromosomes in the Q. glauca genome had excellent gene pair collinearity. The number of R‐genes in Q. glauca was similar to most East Asian oaks but less than oak species from Europe and America. Abundant structural variation in the Q. glauca genome could contribute to environmental stress tolerance in Q. glauca. Sections Cyclobalanopsis and Cerris diverged in the Oligocene, in agreement with fossil records for section Cyclobalanopsis, which document its presence in East Asia since the early Miocene. The demographic dynamics of closely related oak species were largely similar. The high‐quality reference genome provided here for the most widespread species in section Cyclobalanopsis will serve as an essential genomic resource for evolutionary studies of key oak lineages while also supporting studies of interspecific introgression, local adaptation, and speciation in oaks.
The brown planthopper (
Nilaparvata lugens Stål,
BPH) is one of the most destructive rice pests worldwide. GXU202 is a germplasm of common wild rice (
Oryza rufipogon
Griff.) with high resistance to ...the BPH. In this study, genetic analysis indicated that the BPH-resistant phenotype of GXU202 is controlled by a major gene. Through the combination and comparison of QTL linkage and BSA-seq analyses, a novel gene locus,
BPH41,
conferring BPH resistance was identified. This gene locus was finely mapped to a 116-kb region delimited by W4-4–3 and W1-6–3 on chromosome 4. The markers D01031 and D01045 showed high accuracy in predicting phenotypes resistant to BPH, suggesting their reliability for marker-assisted selection of
BPH41
in breeding BPH-resistant rice varieties. The present identification of
BPH41
will establish a foundation for further map-based cloning and functional characterization of the gene.
An efficient “turn-on” rodamine-based fluorescent probe for intracellular Cu2+ image in living HeLa cells has been developed. The fluorescent probe exhibits high Cu2+ selectivity and excellent ...sensitivity (limit of detection is 1.2×10−8M) in CH3CN/HEPES (1/1, v/v) buffered solution and an immediate fluorescent response toward Cu2+ under physiological conditions. Moreover, the fluorescent probe effectuates the naked-eye detection of Cu2+.
Abstract
Background
Novel endoscopic techniques used in the treatment of gastric lesions with local submucosal fibrosis need preclinical evaluation and training due to safety limitations. Therefore, ...the purpose of our study was to establish an animal model of gastric local fibrotic target lesions and assess its feasibility in the evaluation and training of endoscopic techniques.
Methods
In six experimental beagles, a 50% glucose solution was injected into three submucosal areas of the fundus, body, and antrum of the stomach to create gastric local fibrotic target lesions (experimental group). On post-injection day (PID) 7, the injection sites were assessed endoscopically to confirm the presence of submucosal fibrosis formation, and the dental floss clip traction assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection (DFC-ESD) procedure was performed on the gastric local fibrotic target lesions to confirm its feasibility after endoscopic observation. The normal gastric mucosa of six control beagles underwent the same procedure (control group). All the resected specimens were evaluated by histological examination.
Results
All 12 beagles survived without postoperative adverse events. On PID 7, 16 ulcer changes were observed at the injection sites (16/18) under the endoscope, and endoscopic ultrasonography confirmed the local submucosal fibrosis formation in all ulcer lesions. The subsequent DFC-ESD was successfully performed on the 32 gastric target lesions, and the mean submucosal dissection time in the ulcer lesions was greater than that in the normal gastric mucosa (15.3 ± 5.6 vs. 6.8 ± 0.8 min;
P
< 0.001). There was no difference in rates of en bloc resection, severe hemorrhage, or perforation between the two groups. Histological analysis of the ulcer lesions showed the absence of epithelial or muscularis mucosae and extensive submucosal fibrous tissue proliferations compared with normal gastric mucosa. Overall, endoscopists had high satisfaction with the realism and feasibility of the animal model.
Conclusion
We developed a novel animal model of gastric local fibrotic target lesions to simulate difficult clinical situations, which strongly appeared to be suitable for the preclinical evaluation and learning of advanced endoscopic techniques.
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease, with a very high cancer rate. At present, endoscopic resection of polyps ≥ 1 cm is often chosen for patients with ...non-cancerous polyps who are unwilling to undergo surgery, and regular review is conducted. Once the polyps are pathologically confirmed to be cancerous, surgical resection of the diseased large intestine is generally recommended, but surgery often leads to a series of complications. So what do you do with cancer patients who don't want surgery?
A 19-year-old woman presented with intermittent hematochezia with abdominal pain. A colonoscopy revealed hundreds of intestinal polyps.
The patient had a family history of FAP, and there were hundreds of polyps in the intestine. The pathology was adenomatous, and some polyps became cancerous, which met the diagnostic criteria of FAP.
Endoscopic examination was arranged for the patient, the resection of intestinal polyps ≥ 1 cm was given priority, and other polyps were removed as far as possible. After that, metformin 500 mg orally was given twice a day, and endoscopic follow-up was conducted every 6 months. During each endoscopic follow-up, intestinal polyps ≥ 1 cm were preferred to be removed, and other polyps were removed as far as possible.
The patient's abdominal pain and blood in the stool disappeared after endoscopic treatment. Cancerous polyps were found at the second and third follow-up visits, but the patient always refused surgical treatment. After 4 years of follow-up, polyp load was significantly reduced, abdominal pain and bloody stool symptoms did not appear again, and imaging examination showed no tumor recurrence and metastasis.
Endoscopic polyp resection is an important method to treat the clinical symptoms of FAP. Metformin combined with endoscopic therapy is a good alternative for patients with familial polyposis who do not want surgery. When the polyp is cancerous and the polyp is radically resected by the endoscope, if the patient refuses additional surgery, oral metformin combined with endoscopic follow-up can be considered.
A new ratiometric fluorescent probe (RPM) was developed based on through-bond energy transfer (TBET) mechanism for detecting hypochlorous acid. The probe was constructed from imidazo1,5-apyridine as ...the energy donor and the rhodamine as the energy acceptor. The probe could be used to determine the concentration of HOCl with high selectivity and sensitivity (the detection limit = 2.08 × 10−6 M). In addition, RPM had a good time resolution for measuring HOCl with the response time of less than 30 s. Upon addition of HOCl, the fluorescence colors of probe RPM solution changed from green to red. Moreover, the probe has been successfully utilized for sensing HOCl in living cells.
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•Imidazo1,5-αpyridine derivative is the first time to report as a TBET donor.•The probe can detect HOCl in 30 s.•The probe can detect HOCl with high selectivity and sensitivity.•The probe was applied to sensing HOCl in living cells with low toxicity.
Abstract Blood vessel endothelial dysfunction induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and vasculopathy. The ox-LDL-elicited ...reactive oxygen species (ROS) release has been assumed to serve a critical function in endothelial damage. Myricitrin (from Myrica cerifera ) is a natural antioxidant that has strong anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-nociceptive activities. However, the protective effect of myricitrin on ROS-induced endothelial cell injury and its related molecular mechanisms have never been investigated. This study demonstrates that myricitrin can inhibit ox-LDL-induced endothelial apoptosis and prevent plaque formation at an early stage in an atherosclerotic mouse model. The administration of myricitrin in vivo decreases the thickness of the vascular wall in the aortic arch of ApoE −/− mice. In vitro study shows that ox-LDL-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell apoptosis can be reduced upon receiving myricitrin pre-treatment. Treatment with myricitrin significantly attenuated ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell apoptosis by inhibiting LOX-1 expression and by increasing the activation of the STAT3 and PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathways. At the same time, our result demonstrates that myricitrin treatment optimizes the balance of pro/anti-apoptosis proteins, including Bax, Bad, XIAP, cIAP-2, and survivin. Our study suggests that myricitrin treatment can effectively protect cells from ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell apoptosis, which results in reduced atherosclerotic plaque formation. This result indicates that myricitrin can be used as a drug candidate for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
► Salvianolic acid B protects against arsenic trioxide-induced H9c2 cell injury. ► Salvianolic acid B regulates PI3K/Akt signal pathway. ► A series of Bcl-2 family proteins are regulated by ...salvianolic acid B.
The clinical use of arsenic trioxide (ATO), a potent anti-neoplastic agent, is often limited because of its severe cardiotoxicity. Salviae miltiorrhiza is widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. One of the most abundant ingredients of S. miltiorrhiza is salvianolic acid B (Sal B). The present study was designed to evaluate whether Sal B protects against ATO-induced cardiac cell injury in vitro. With MTT cell viability assay, LDH release, ROS generation, caspase-3 activity assay and Hoechst 33342/PI staining, we found that Sal B pretreatment provided significantly protection against ATO-induced cell death. The effect was correlated with the activation of the PI3K/Akt signal pathway. Conversely, blocking Akt activation with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 effectively suppressed the protective effect of Sal B against ATO-induced cell apoptosis. In addition, the PI3K inhibitor partially blocked the effects of Sal B on the upregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl protein expression, and downregulation of Bax protein expression. Collectively, the results showed that Sal B decreased the apoptosis and necrosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes caused by ATO treatment, and PI3K played a crucial role in enhancing cell survival during this process. These observations indicate that Sal B has the potential to exert cardioprotective effects against ATO toxicity.
Ultraviolet (UV)-induced DNA damage is a crucial molecular trigger for sunburn cell formation and skin cancer. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is the main mechanism in repairing UVB-induced DNA ...damage to mammalian cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional role of ginsenoside Rb1 in UV-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in HaCaT (keratinocyte cell line) cells, and Xpc− knockout mouse keratinocytes. Flow cytometry and Hoechst 33258 staining were performed in analyzing UV-induced apoptosis in keratinocytes treated with ginsenoside Rb1. The ImmunoDotBlot assay was used to detect cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, the main sign of DNA damage. Western blot analysis was applied for analyzing Xeroderma pigmentosum-C (XPC) and excision repair cross-complementing 1 (ERCC1), two of the NER proteins. Ginsenoside Rb1 inhibited UV-induced apoptosis of keratinocytes and caused a notable reduction in UV-specific DNA lesions which was due to induction of DNA repair. This reduction was not observed in Xpc− knockout keratinocytes. Ginsenoside Rb1 induced the expression of specific components of the NER complex, such as XPC and ERCC1. Our results demonstrate that ginsenoside Rb1 can protect cells from apoptosis induced by UV radiation by inducing DNA repair.
A new ratiometric fluorescent probe based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) for sensing lysosomal pH has been developed. The probe (RMPM) was composed of imidazo1,5-αpyridine quaternary ...ammonium salt fluorophore as the FRET donor and the rhodamine moiety as the FRET acceptor. It’s the first time to report that imidazo1,5-αpyridine quaternary ammonium salt acts as the FRET donor. The ratio of fluorescence intensity of the probe at two wavelengths (I
424
/I
581
) changed significantly and responded linearly toward minor pH changes in the range of 5.4–6.6. It should be noted that it’s rare to report that a ratiometric pH probe could detect so weak acidic pH with pKa = 6.31. In addition, probe RMPM exhibited excellent water-solubility, fast-response, all-right selectivity and brilliant reversibility. Moreover, RMPM has been successfully applied to sensing lysosomal pH in HeLa cells and has low cytotoxicity.
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