This paper aims to highlight vision related tasks centered around "car", which has been largely neglected by vision community in comparison to other objects. We show that there are still many ...interesting car-related problems and applications, which are not yet well explored and researched. To facilitate future car-related research, in this paper we present our on-going effort in collecting a large-scale dataset, "CompCars", that covers not only different car views, but also their different internal and external parts, and rich attributes. Importantly, the dataset is constructed with a cross-modality nature, containing a surveillance-nature set and a web-nature set. We further demonstrate a few important applications exploiting the dataset, namely car model classification, car model verification, and attribute prediction. We also discuss specific challenges of the car-related problems and other potential applications that worth further investigations. The latest dataset can be downloaded at http://mmlab.ie.cuhk.edu.hk/ datasets/comp_cars/index.html.
A Ni/Co co‐catalyzed reductive hydrocyanation of various alkynes was developed for the production of saturated nitriles. Hydrocyanic acid is generated in situ from safe and readily available ...formamide. Formamide played multiple roles as a cyano source, dehydrant, and reductant for the NiII pre‐catalyst and vinyl nitriles, along with acting as the co‐solvent in this reaction. Detailed mechanistic investigation supported a pathway via hydrocyanation of C≡C bond and the subsequent reduction of C=C bond. Wide substrate scope, the employment of a cheap and stable nickel salt as pre‐catalyst, a safe cyano source and convenient experimental operation render this hydrocyanation practical for the laboratory synthesis of saturated nitriles.
Estimating the elasticity of hydrogel phantoms in a cell culture plane is important for understanding the cell behavior in response to various types of mechanical stimuli. Hence, a noncontact tool ...for measuring the elastic properties of hydrogel phantoms in such three-dimensional cell cultures is required. A well-known method to determine the mechanical properties of hydrogels is the transient wave method. However, due to the multiple reflections of waves from the boundaries, a bigger cell culture plane or multiple directional filters may be required. In this study, we utilized reverberant shear wave elastography, which is based on the autocorrelation principle, to evaluate the shear wave speed in hydrogel samples within a culture dish. Numerical simulations were performed first to confirm the validity of the reverberant elastography method. Subsequently, we used this method to measure the wave speeds in hydrogel phantoms with different concentrations. Shear rheology tests were also performed, and their results were found to be in good agreement with the measured shear wave speeds. The proposed method could be useful for measuring the elasticity of tissues in tissue engineering applications in an inexpensive and noncontact manner.
Deep Learning Strong Parts for Pedestrian Detection Tian, Yonglong; Luo, Ping; Wang, Xiaogang ...
2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV),
12/2015
Conference Proceeding, Journal Article
Recent advances in pedestrian detection are attained by transferring the learned features of Convolutional Neural Network (ConvNet) to pedestrians. This ConvNet is typically pre-trained with massive ...general object categories (e.g. ImageNet). Although these features are able to handle variations such as poses, viewpoints, and lightings, they may fail when pedestrian images with complex occlusions are present. Occlusion handling is one of the most important problem in pedestrian detection. Unlike previous deep models that directly learned a single detector for pedestrian detection, we propose DeepParts, which consists of extensive part detectors. DeepParts has several appealing properties. First, DeepParts can be trained on weakly labeled data, i.e. only pedestrian bounding boxes without part annotations are provided. Second, DeepParts is able to handle low IoU positive proposals that shift away from ground truth. Third, each part detector in DeepParts is a strong detector that can detect pedestrian by observing only a part of a proposal. Extensive experiments in Caltech dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of DeepParts, which yields a new state-of-the-art miss rate of 11:89%, outperforming the second best method by 10%.
Understanding fashion images has been advanced by benchmarks with rich annotations such as DeepFashion, whose labels include clothing categories, landmarks, and consumer-commercial image pairs. ...However, DeepFashion has nonnegligible issues such as single clothing-item per image, sparse landmarks (4∼8 only), and no per-pixel masks, making it had significant gap from real-world scenarios. We fill in the gap by presenting DeepFashion2 to address these issues. It is a versatile benchmark of four tasks including clothes detection, pose estimation, segmentation, and retrieval. It has 801K clothing items where each item has rich annotations such as style, scale, view- point, occlusion, bounding box, dense landmarks (e.g. 39 for 'long sleeve outwear' and 15 for 'vest'), and masks. There are also 873K Commercial-Consumer clothes pairs. The annotations of DeepFashion2 are much larger than its counterparts such as 8× of FashionAI Global Challenge. A strong baseline is proposed, called Match R- CNN, which builds upon Mask R-CNN to solve the above four tasks in an end-to-end manner. Extensive evaluations are conducted with different criterions in Deep- Fashion2. DeepFashion2 Dataset will be released at : https://github.com/switchablenorms/DeepFashion2
This study explored the effect of liver resection on perioperative circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and found that the prognostic significance of surgery was associated with changes in CTC counts in ...patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
One hundred thirty-nine patients with HCC were consecutively enrolled. The time-points for collecting blood were one day before operation and three days after operation. CTCs in the peripheral blood were detected by the CellSearch™ System.
Both CTC detection incidence and mean CTC counts showed greater increases postoperatively (54%, mean 1.54 cells) than preoperatively (43%, mean 1.13 cells). The postoperative CTC counts increased in 41.7% of patients, decreased in 25.2% of patients and did not change in 33.1% of patients. The increase in postoperative CTC counts was significantly associated with the macroscopic tumor thrombus status. Patients with increased postoperative CTC counts (from preoperative CTC < 2 to postoperative CTC ≥ 2) had significantly shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) than did patients with persistent CTC < 2. Patients with persistent CTC levels of ≥2 had the worst prognoses.
Surgical liver resection is associated with an increase in CTC counts, and increased postoperative CTC numbers are associated with a worse prognosis in patients with HCC.
Abstract
We investigate the kinematic-chemical distribution of red-giant branch stars from the LAMOST survey crossed matched with Gaia DR2 proper motions, and present time tagging for the well-known ...ridge structures (diagonal distributions for
V
R
in the
R
,
V
ϕ
plane) in the range of Galactocentric distance
R
= 8 to 15 kpc. We detect six ridge structures, including five ridges apparent in the radial velocity distribution and three ridges apparent in the vertical velocity, the sensitive time of which to the perturbations are from young population (0–3 Gyr) to old population (9–14 Gyr). Based on an analysis of the evolution of angular momentum distribution, we find that four ridges are relatively stationary, while another is evolving with time, which is confirmed by the difference analysis at different populations and supporting that there might be two kinds of dynamical origins. Furthermore, ridge features are also vividly present in the chemical properties (Fe/H,
α
/Fe). The comparison between the north and south hemispheres of the Galaxy does show some differences and the ridge features are asymmetrical. Moreover, we find that diagonal ridge structures may affect the shape of the rotation curve, which is manifested as fluctuations and undulations on top of a smooth profile. Finally we speculate that the bar dynamics should be not enough to explain all ridge properties including the break feature in the
V
Z
–
L
Z
plane.
Abstract
Background
The expression of the Bcl‐2 protein is frequently observed in basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), making it a significant biological marker and potential therapeutic target. Skin ...ultrasonography offers a noninvasive means of obtaining anatomical information about cutaneous tumors.
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between ultrasound features and Bcl‐2 expression in BCCs, to provide a reference for developing pharmacological treatment plans.
Methods
According to the Bcl‐2 protein expression, 74 BCCs confirmed by surgical pathology were divided into high Bcl‐2 expression BCCs (HB‐BCCs) and low Bcl‐2 expression BCCs (LB‐BCCs). Preoperative lesion ultrasound features were analyzed retrospectively based on Liang's criteria, which included the following features: shape, surface, keratinization, base, infiltration level, internal echogenicity, distribution of hyperechoic spots, posterior echogenic changes, internal Doppler signal, and lesion size (maximum diameter and infiltration depth). The differences of two groups were compared using a chi‐square test or a paired t‐test.
Results
Based on ultrasound features, cystic areas were more frequent in LB‐BCCs (
χ
2
= 7.015,
P
= .008). Furthermore, LB‐BCCs exhibited greater infiltration depth than HB‐BCCs (4.86 ± 2.12 mm vs. 2.72 ± 1.40 mm,
P
= .000), had a higher propensity to infiltrate the subcutaneous tissue (
χ
2
= 12.422,
P
= .002), and displayed a more abundant internal Doppler signal within the lesions (
χ
2
= 24.696,
P
= .000). Conversely, maximum diameter of the lesions, shape, surface, keratinization, base, hyperechoic spots distribution, and posterior echogenic changes of the lesions did not differ significantly between the two groups.
Conclusions
Ultrasound features are correlated with Bcl‐2 protein expression level in BCCs. LB‐BCCs show greater infiltration depth, subcutaneous infiltration, more cystic changes and more abundant internal Doppler signal than HB‐BCCs, which may suggest a potential basis for drug selection in BCC chemotherapy.
Three heat-treatment routes incorporating bainite formation, namely bainite-based quenching plus tempering, bainite austempering and bainite-based quenching plus partitioning (BQ&P), were applied to ...a medium-carbon Mn–Si–Cr alloyed steel. An optimum combination of strength, ductility and toughness was achieved after the BQ&P treatment (ultimate tensile strength: 1688MPa; total elongation: 25.2%; U-notch impact toughness at −40°C: 48Jcm−2). The enhanced mechanical properties were attributed to an increased amount of refined filmy retained austenite (22vol.%, nanometer width range: <100nm and submicron width range: 100–500nm). The formation process of the bainitic microstructure as well as martensite and retained austenite was revealed by conducting dilatometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effect of the retained austenite on mechanical properties was discussed in terms of its size and morphology.
Objectives
DNA N6‐methyladenine (N6‐mA) demethylase Alkbh1 participates in regulating osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) and vascular calcification. However, the role of ...Alkbh1 in bone metabolism remains unclear.
Materials and Methods
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)‐specific Alkbh1 knockout mice were used to investigate the role of Alkbh1 in bone metabolism. Western blot, qRT‐PCR, and immunofluorescent staining were used to evaluate the expression of Alkbh1 or optineurin (optn). Micro‐CT, histomorphometric analysis, and calcein double‐labeling assay were used to evaluate bone phenotypes. Cell staining and qRT‐PCR were used to evaluate the osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Dot blotting was used to detect the level of N6‐mA in genomic DNA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (Chip) assays were used to identify critical targets of Alkbh1. Alkbh1 adeno‐associated virus was used to overexpress Alkbh1 in aged mice.
Results
Alkbh1 expression in BMSCs declined during aging. Knockout of Alkbh1 promoted adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs while inhibited osteogenic differentiation. BMSC‐specific Alkbh1 knockout mice exhibited reduced bone mass and increased marrow adiposity. Mechanistically, we identified optn as the downstream target through which Alkbh1‐mediated DNA m6A modification regulated BMSCs fate. Overexpression of Alkbh1 attenuated bone loss and marrow fat accumulation in aged mice.
Conclusions
Our findings demonstrated that Alkbh1 regulated BMSCs fate and bone‐fat balance during skeletal aging and provided a potential target for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Our findings revealed that DNA N6‐methyladenine demethylase Alkbh1 regulates bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell fate during aging. Loss of Alkbh1 inhibited bone formation and promoted marrow fat accumulation. Mechanistically, we identified optn as the downstream target through which Alkbh1‐mediated DNA m6A modification regulated BMSCs fate.
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