Despite the obligations assumed by Croatian accession to the European Union in 2013, municipal waste still mainly ends at landfills, even in regions where significant investments were made in waste ...management centres based on mechanical-biological treatment, and in which mixed waste is collected and processed into refuse-derived fuel and disposed at so-called bioreactor landfills. Waste management sector in Croatia necessitates substantial restructuring if it is to achieve compliance with circular economy. Since Croatia is far from achieving specific targets, in 2016 an attempt was made to adopt a strategic waste management document that would have paved the way to reaching circular economy targets, but its contents were substantially modified in course of its adoption, preserving the concept devised a decade and half ago. The paper presents waste and circularity indicators for Croatia, analyses national policies, targets, achievements and EU recommendations, and proposes the measures which would accelerate Croatia’s path towards circular economy, resource efficiency, reduction of marine litter in the Adriatic and bio economy. The model is applicable to other countries in transition and those which still rely on landfilling and linear economy concept.
The purpose of the paper is to propose a model for evaluating land use quality and its variations to be used for planning the use of the space, issuing the permits and producing the environmental ...impact studies. Elaborated is the case of Quarner bay situated in northern part of the Adriatic Sea. Input parameters considered are variation in size of impervious surfaces, transforming the coastal belt into industrial zone, pressures from maritime transport, road transport, utilities sector, power generation sources and technology and the quality of governance prevailing at national and local level. Fuzzy inference system is used to calculate the output land use quality parameter integrating health, environment, quality of living of the local community and of tourism. Selected input parameters should be further developed and constantly monitored.
Prigovori građana na okoliš se sve više odnose na prisustvo neugodnih mirisa, koji su nažalost posljedica urbanog i industrijskog razvoja i koji su izvor mnogobrojnih zdravstvenih problema. Smrad ...utječe i na vrijednost nekretnina, turizam i produktivnost. Ljudski njuh je zaštitni osjet i trenutno predstavlja najosjetljiviji raspoloživi alat za procjenu krajolika mirisa. Onečišćenje doprinosi disfunkciji osjeta njuha i tako remeti kvalitetu života ljudi. U radu se daje pregled parametara mirisa, metoda mjerenja mirisa, te faktora kojim se karakterizira neugoda uzrokovana smradom. Posebna pozornost je usmjerena na regulatorni okvir u različitim zemljama i regijama, koji se odnosi na neugodne mirise, a koji čine propisi, norme i smjernice. Prisustvo neugodnih mirisa u zajednici je, također, pitanje nepoštivanja okolišne pravde. U Republici Hrvatskoj još uvijek ne postoji regulativa koja se bavi neugodnim mirisima, iako Zakon o vlasništvu i drugim stvarnim pravima sadrži odredbu o imisijama koja kaže da se nitko ne smije služiti ni koristiti nekretninom na način da zbog toga na tuđu nekretninu dospiju, između ostalog, mirisi, a odašiljanje neugodnih mirisa se smatra uznemiravanjem u vlasničkim pravima. Po mišljenju autora, Republika Hrvatska i lokalne samouprave imaju priliku preuzeti i prilagoditi rješenja iz drugih zemalja, jer se smrad mora prevenirati, te ograničavati učinak emisija.
Transportation sector, including maritime transport, exerts significant environmental impact. Public procurement as a policy strategy instrument which applies to the purchase of transport means, ...construction of infrastructure and the provision logistic services in supplying the goods, services and executing of works must integrate environmental considerations in the contract award procedures. While conventional life-cycle costing (LCC) is based on four categories to be assessed e.g. investment, operation, maintenance and end-of-life disposal expenses, the environmental LCC method also takes into account the external environmental costs. The paper is focused on sustainable public procurement and environmental life-cycle costing aspects of EU 2014 Directive. Analysis is made of the real cost of procurement, the externalities and the impact of maritime transport sector on the environment. The purpose of this research is to propose the framework for assessment of integral impact on the environment which combines environmental LCC approach with TBL concept using non-monetary units for measuring externalities. The authors advocate clean and energy-efficient maritime transport ensuring effective implementation of environmental policy objectives and targets and emphasize the role of public authorities and entities in fostering the inclusion of environmental externalities in calculation of LCC.
Coastal risks and resilience learning Runko Luttenberger, Lidija; Mandić, Nikola
Pomorstvo (Rijeka : 1999),
12/2022, Volume:
36, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The hazards that particularly affect local coastal communities require education that is conducive to the development within planetary boundaries. The paper analyses the features of education for ...resilience and sustainability based on good practice and the principles stipulated in strategic documents on sustainable development issued by international organizations and professional associations. In developing the curricula for strengthening resilience, focus should be placed on deeper learning about local knowledge, on stimulating local sustainability, systems thinking, integrating teaching about the environment and responsible citizenship into all school subjects. To achieve the objectives proposed it is necessary to enhance whole-institution approach and bridge the divide between the subjects in humanities and STEM areas by providing courses which afford insights into connections between various disciplines required for perceiving local and global issues and the solutions thereto, and to implement citizen science. Resilience thinking should be embedded in planning and strategic environmental assessment procedures for a wide range of themes and activities affecting coastal area environment and its communities.
Increasing number
of tourists wants to experience nature and at the same time have a positive
impact on nature during their tourist stay. This paper presents the
relationship between the preservation ...of natural capital of the locality and
tourist season duration, as well as destination sustainable management and longevity.
Tourism greatly depends on natural world, meaning the beauty of landscapes and
seascapes and man's connection with nature itself. It simultaneously depends on
local natural environment and exerts an impact thereon. Conservation and
sustainable management of natural capital maybe achieved in various ways.
Countries are attempting to preserve natural capital and to monitor its change
through regular reporting, using selected indicators. Croatia should strive to
preserve its unique natural resources and devise the tools to measure own
performance with due consideration of its specific feature, all with the aim of
ensuring sustainable all-year tourism. Finally, the paper considers
comprehensively all pressures on natural environment exerted by tourism as well
as benefits for the locality of preserving domestic natural capital in a long
term, while ensuring the monitoring of changes in state thereof. A 'high value,
low impact' approach would bring in the growing share of affluent nature-loving
tourists throughout the year, thus reducing present tourism seasonality and
highly negative impact on nature, local communities and microclimate change.
Marine transportation is considered to be one of the most important aspects of global transportation services. Due to the increase in marine transportation, there are significant impacts on the ...marine environment. One of the possible measures for mitigation of the environmental impact could be switching to environmentally friendly fuel. However, the alternative fuel selection process is considered to be a problem due to various criteria to be considered and stakeholders that should be involved in the selection process. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the application of multicriteria analysis as a decision-support tool for the alternative marine fuel selection problem in coastal marine traffic. The suggested methodology takes into account environmental, technological, and economic aspects, and ensures the participation of different stakeholders in the selection process. The priority ranking of the alternatives is based on a combination of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW). The implementation of this method considers the involvement of relevant stakeholders through evaluation of the criteria weights and performance of each alternative with respect to each criterion. The method is applied for the case study of Croatia, where the results demonstrated that the best alternative for all stakeholders is electric propulsion, even though there are differences in opinions and perceptions with respect to the objectives and criteria. The findings of this analysis, likely the first of this type in this area, can serve as a solid basis for strategic planning.
The Marine Strategy Framework Directive adopted in 2008 aims to achieve Good Environmental Status (GES) of the EU’s marine waters by 2020 and to protect the resource base upon which marinerelated ...economic and social activities depend. To that end each Member State is required to develop its Marine Strategy, keep it up-to-date and have it reviewed every 6 years. The Republic of Croatia has by mid-2019 not adopted its national strategic document. The paper analyses the chronology, content of EU official country reports on marine environment, possible obstacles in adoption procedure and presents proposal for more efficient approach to protecting the Adriatic Sea. Marine spatial planning is also considered key instrument for managing the conflicts resulting from the increasing utilization and industrialization of the world’s seas and oceans. The process of national marine policy adoption should be made more clear and transparent to general public which is at the same time the public concerned, and to expert community. Strategic vision can only be built on knowledge, education and awareness of wider public.
Biodiversity as a planetary boundary and sustainability are strongly related to fish stocks and fisheries that are regulated by a number of sources of law with the aim of achieving their ...sustainability. The paper analyses current application, impact and effectiveness of the Common Fisheries Policy that sets the rules for fishing fleets management in the European Union and for fish stocks conservation as well as the 2020 Report on its implementation by the European Court of Auditors. It also examines the present and potential implementation and effects of Blue Growth, Marine Strategy Framework Directive, United Nations legal framework and Sustainable Development Goals on fisheries and aquaculture activities in the Adriatic Sea, a semi-enclosed and biodiversity rich sea. Improvements in implementing marine ecosystem approach and marine spatial planning are proposed in policy and regulatory framework, focusing on characteristics of the Adriatic Sea. Resilient solutions require placing more focus on characteristics of regional seas and applying site-specific tailor-made solutions and less complex but efficient governance for the seas which entail integrated approach to exploitation and preservation of the resources and their health.
Environmental Impact of Underwater Noise Runko Luttenberger, Lidija; Slišković, Merica; Ančić, Ivica ...
Pomorski zbornik,
04/2022, Volume:
Special edition 4, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The description of sound as a form of energetic pollutant is very complex as is also its impact on aquatic life. Human activities causing continuous and implosive underwater noise, such as marine ...traffic, maintenance of ships, coastal tourism, marine research, military, offshore energy platforms, generation of ocean energies and construction operations are expected to increase. The paper analyses current approach to minimise the impact of underwater noise and limit its emissions, examines regulatory approach and discusses the possibilities to control this type of pollution in order to ensure the preservation of natural underwater soundscape. The timely implementation and further development of the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive and its provisions related to underwater noise is of exceptional importance for the Adriatic Sea, which is facing increasing pressure from various industries generating underwater noise.
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