The imaging quality of the Mapping Imaging Spectrometer (IMS) is crucial for spectral identification and detection performance. In IMS, the image mapper significantly influences the imaging quality. ...Traditional image mappers utilize a single-point diamond machining process. This process leads to inevitable edge eating phenomena that further results in noticeable deficiencies in imaging, impacting spectral detection performance. Therefore, we propose a manufacturing process for the image mapper based on ultra-thin layered glass. This process involves precision polishing of ultra-thin glass with two-dimensional angles, systematically assembling it into an image mapper. The surface roughness after coating is generally superior to 10 nm, with a maximum angle deviation of less than 3'. This results in high mapping quality. Subsequently, a principle verification experimental system was established to conduct imaging tests on real targets. The reconstructed spectrum demonstrates excellent alignment with the results obtained from the Computed Tomography Imaging Spectrometer (CTIS). We thereby validate that this approach effectively resolves the issues associated with edge eating (caused by traditional single-point diamond machining), and leads to improved imaging quality. Also when compared to other techniques (like two-photon polymerization (2PP)), this process demonstrates notable advantages such as simplicity, efficiency, low processing costs, high fault tolerance, and stability, showcasing its potential for practical applications.
Aberrant expression of circular RNAs contributes to the initiation and progression of cancers, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive.
RNA-seq and qRT-PCR were performed to screen differential ...expressed circRNAs between gastric cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Candidate circRNA (circMRPS35) was screened out and validated by qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation and invasion ability were determined by CCK-8 and cell invasion assays. RNA-seq, GO-pathway, RNA pull-down and ChIRP were further applied to search for detailed mechanism.
Here, a novel circRNA named circMRPS35, was screened out by RNA-seq in gastric cancer tissues, whose expression is related to clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in gastric cancer patients. Biologically, circMRPS35 suppresses the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, circMRPS35 acts as a modular scaffold to recruit histone acetyltransferase KAT7 to the promoters of FOXO1 and FOXO3a genes, which elicits acetylation of H4K5 in their promoters. Particularly, circMRPS35 specifically binds to FOXO1/3a promoter regions directly. Thus, it dramatically activates the transcription of FOXO1/3a and triggers subsequent response of their downstream target genes expression, including p21, p27, Twist1 and E-cadherin, resulting in the inhibition of cell proliferation and invasion. Moreover, circMRPS35 expression positively correlates with that of FOXO1/3a in gastric cancer tissues.
Our findings not only reveal the pivotal roles of circMRPS35 in governing histone modification in anticancer treatment, but also advocate for triggering circMRPS35/KAT7/FOXO1/3a pathway to combat gastric cancer.
The novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) outbreak that emerged in late 2019 has posed a severe threat to human health and social and economic development, and thus has become a major public health ...crisis affecting the world. The spread of COVID-19 in population and regions is a typical geographical process, which is worth discussing from the geographical perspective. This paper focuses on Shandong province, which has a high incidence, though the first Chinese confirmed case was reported from Hubei province. Based on the data of reported confirmed cases and the detailed information of cases collected manually, we used text analysis, mathematical statistics and spatial analysis to reveal the demographic characteristics of confirmed cases and the spatio-temporal evolution process of the epidemic, and to explore the comprehensive mechanism of epidemic evolution and prevention and control. The results show that: (1) the incidence rate of COVID-19 in Shandong is 0.76/100,000. The majority of confirmed cases are old and middle-aged people who are infected by the intra-province diffusion, followed by young and middle-aged people who are infected outside the province. (2) Up to February 5, the number of daily confirmed cases shows a trend of "rapid increase before slowing down", among which, the changes of age and gender are closely related to population migration, epidemic characteristics and intervention measures. (3) Affected by the regional economy and population, the spatial distribution of the confirmed cases is obviously unbalanced, with the cluster pattern of "high-low" and "low-high". (4) The evolution of the migration pattern, affected by the geographical location of Wuhan and Chinese traditional culture, is dominated by "cross-provincial" and "intra-provincial" direct flow, and generally shows the trend of "southwest → northeast". Finally, combined with the targeted countermeasures of "source-flow-sink", the comprehensive mechanism of COVID-19 epidemic evolution and prevention and control in Shandong is revealed. External and internal prevention and control measures are also figured out.
To develop and validate an MR radiomics-based nomogram to predict the presence of MVI in patients with solitary HCC and further evaluate the performance of predictors for MVI in subgroups (HCC ≤ 3 cm ...and > 3 cm).
Between May 2015 and October 2020, 201 patients with solitary HCC were analysed. Radiomic features were extracted from precontrast T
WI, arterial phase, portal venous phase, delayed phase and hepatobiliary phase images in regions of the intratumoral, peritumoral and their combining areas. The mRMR and LASSO algorithms were used to select radiomic features related to MVI. Clinicoradiological factors were selected by using backward stepwise regression with AIC. A nomogram was developed by incorporating the clinicoradiological factors and radiomics signature. In addition, the radiomic features and clinicoradiological factors related to MVI were separately evaluated in the subgroups (HCC ≤ 3 cm and > 3 cm).
Histopathological examinations confirmed MVI in 111 of the 201 patients (55.22%). The radiomics signature showed a favourable discriminatory ability for MVI in the training set (AUC, 0.896) and validation set (AUC, 0.788). The nomogram incorporating peritumoral enhancement, tumour growth type and radiomics signature showed good discrimination in the training (AUC, 0.932) and validation sets (AUC, 0.917) and achieved well-fitted calibration curves. Subgroup analysis showed that tumour growth type was a predictor for MVI in the HCC ≤ 3 cm cohort and peritumoral enhancement in the HCC > 3 cm cohort; radiomic features related to MVI varied between the HCC ≤ 3 cm and HCC > 3 cm cohort. The performance of the radiomics signature improved noticeably in both the HCC ≤ 3 cm (AUC, 0.953) and HCC > 3 cm cohorts (AUC, 0.993) compared to the original training set.
The preoperative nomogram integrating clinicoradiological risk factors and the MR radiomics signature showed favourable predictive efficiency for predicting MVI in patients with solitary HCC. The clinicoradiological factors and radiomic features related to MVI varied between subgroups (HCC ≤ 3 cm and > 3 cm). The performance of radiomics signature for MVI prediction was improved in both the subgroups.
Thyrotropin-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are rare pituitary adenomas that are occasionally accompanied by hypersecretion of other anterior pituitary hormones, such as growth ...hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL). The clinical, biochemical, and pathological characteristics may represent diverse circumstances.
In this report, a 33-year-old female diagnosed with a TSH PitNET co-secreting GH presented no obvious clinical symptoms. The main characteristics were elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free tri-iodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) levels accompanied by slightly elevated GH and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detected a pituitary macroadenoma (18 × 16 × 16 mm) with cavernous sinus and suprasellar invasion. Immunohistochemistry revealed diffuse positivity for TSH, strong immunoreactivity for GH, and sporadic positivity for PRL. The electron microscope and double immunofluorescence staining confirmed a plurimorphous plurihormonal adenoma producing TSH, GH, and PRL. After preoperative somatostatin receptor ligand (SRL) treatment and transsphenoidal surgery, the patient achieved temporary clinical and biochemical remission. However, 3 months after surgery, the patient was suspected of having Hashimoto's thyroiditis due to higher thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and thyroid receptor antibody (TRAb) and an enlarged thyroid nodule. During follow-up, thyroid function and TSH slowly transformed from transient hyperthyroidism to hypothyroidism. They were maintained in the normal range by L-T4.
In the TSH PitNET, the positive immunohistochemistry for TSH, GH, and PRL translated into hormonal overproduction with TSH and GH.
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumour; however, the underlying mechanisms are mainly unknown. Enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) and NOTCH pathway are important molecular ...signals related to carcinogenesis and tumour progression, but they are not fully understand in OS. Enhancer of zeste homologue 2, Notch3, HES1, and Nanog were detected on OS samples and statistically analysed. Expressions of these genes were investigate, and stem-like phenotype was verified in OS cells. This study found that higher EZH2 expression, Notch3 pathway, or Nanog were associated with tumour relapse and metastasis and a significantly shorter survival time. Moreover, the Notch3 pathway was activated in osteosarcoma stem cells. Enhancer of zeste homologue 2 overexpression could activate the Notch3 pathway and increase HES1 expression, leading to upregulated stem cell-related gene expression and self-renewal of OS cells. Our study demonstrates that EZH2, Notch3, and Nanog are important prognostic factors. Enhancer of zeste homologue 2 could maintain the self-renewal of OS cells, where the Notch3 pathway activation may be involved.
Scientific and moderate exercise is an effective remedy to boost the immune system and minimize the risk of infection in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic period. In this context, social ...media platforms play an essential role in communicating scientific fitness at home. Based on the integrated analysis of communication, physical geography, and health geography, this article takes short fitness-based videos on TikTok as the research object and comprehensively uses text analysis, mathematical statistics, and spatial analysis to reveal the characteristics of communication elements, fitness preferences, and the spatiotemporal evolution of these short videos, and to explore the communication mechanism and optimization path of short videos. The results show that: (1) the communication information focusing on “fighting against the epidemic and keeping fit at home” is made into short videos by female youth. Through the communication channels mainly composed of texts, pictures, and audio, the communication subjects carry out multilevel interactive communication with the communication objects; (2) fitness preferences are mainly composed of dances, unarmed fitness, and fitness with equipment; (3) from the perspective of time, taking February 20 as the node, the daily number of released short videos shows a trend of “increase before decrease”; from the perspective of space, the distribution is significantly unbalanced across provinces, and the direction is not apparent; and (4) this article explores the communication mechanism and targeted optimization countermeasures of short fitness-based videos on TikTok in China's COVID-19 epidemic period.
Abstract Promoter hypermethylation can lead to a loss of genetic imprinting in carcinogenesis. The mechanism for the loss of expression of the imprinted gene TSSC3 has not been investigated in cases ...of osteosarcoma. In this study, we treated osteosarcoma cell lines with 5-Aza-CdR, which is a widely-used DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, and found dose-dependent reduction in cell growth, conversion of cell morphology to a non-motile phenotype, and obvious increase in apoptosis. In addition, we also found that 5-Aza-CdR reactivated TSSC3 expression through demethylation of the promoter regions. These findings indicate that the TSSC3 gene is silenced through hypermethylation of the promoter regions, a mechanism commonly associated with gene silencing in cancer. Finally, we examined the role of TSSC3 in human osteosarcoma SaOS2 cells. We showed that TSSC3 overexpression suppressed SaOS2 cell growth and increased apoptosis through caspase-3 upregulation, thereby, suggesting that TSSC3 may play a pro-apoptosis role to maintain the normal balance of growth. Taken together, these observations suggest that the epigenetic regulation of TSSC3 , a pro-apoptosis gene, provides valuable insights into possible osteosarcoma therapies.
The computed tomography imaging spectrometer (CTIS) is a snapshot imaging spectrometer, excelling in dynamic detection tasks. It can capture two-dimensional spatial information and spectrally ...compressed information of a target within a single exposure time. However, traditional CTIS image reconstruction algorithms suffer from missing-cone problem, which reduces the accuracy of spectral reconstruction. In recent years, deep learning has been applied to CTIS spectral image reconstruction, significantly improving spectral reconstruction accuracy compared to traditional algorithms. However, due to the missing-cone problem, it is difficult to accurately recover the truth of spectral data cube in the real scene. Currently, most CTIS neural network reconstruction models are trained using simulated datasets of spectral data cubes and diffractive images. Because these data differ significantly from real data under actual application conditions, the established models may not be effectively applicable to real-world scenes. Therefore, we propose a new CTIS system based on slit-scanning architecture utilizing an adjustable slit aperture to obtain the real spectral data cube of the target while maintaining the simplicity of the CTIS structure. By limiting the field of view (FOV) through the slit, the area of diffraction overlap can be reduced, thereby enhancing the accuracy of CTIS spectral reconstruction using the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. This architecture allows us to obtain accurate spectral cubes that match the CTIS diffractive image of real-world scenes, providing a real dataset for training the reconstruction network. A prototype has been built to demonstrate the feasibility of our proposed solution. Furthermore, we also constructed a residual network based on multi-scale and attention mechanism. This network is trained using a combination of simulated and real spectral imaging data. Compared to the reconstruction performance of the EM algorithm and convolutional neural networks, our approach demonstrates superior spectral reconstruction accuracy, validating the importance of real spectral data in CTIS spectral reconstruction tasks.
Although quantum dots (QDs) have shown great potential for various biomedical applications, their potential toxicity still needs to be comprehensively investigated. Previous studies showed that ...intravenous exposure of CdTe QDs at low concentration did not lead to obvious in vivo toxicity in the long term. However, the influence of CdTe QDs on the gut microbiota and the intestine is still unknown. Here, we explored whether single intravenous injection of CdTe QDs at low concentration can affect the gut microbiota and intestine of mice in short term. The results showed that CdTe QDs caused an imbalance of gut microbiota, especially the rapid increase in Lactobacillus on day 1 post‐treatment. Meanwhile, the intestine exhibited the promotion of oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and hemorrhaging on days 5 and 15. These results demonstrate that the gut microbiota and the intestine are very sensitive to the toxicity of low‐concentration CdTe QDs. This study provides further insight and method for the biosafety evaluation of nanomaterials.
We explored whether the gut microbiota and intestine of mice were affected in short‐term by single intravenous injection of CdTe QDs at low‐concentration, which did not cause long‐term in vivo toxicity. The results showed that CdTe QDs caused an imbalance of gut microbiota on day 1 post‐treatment, and exhibited oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and hemorrhaging in the intestine on day 5 and 15, which demonstrated that the gut microbiota and intestine are very sensitive to the toxicity of CdTe QDs.
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