Graphs Defined on Rings: A Review Madhumitha, S.; Naduvath, Sudev
Mathematics (Basel),
09/2023, Volume:
11, Issue:
17
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The study on graphs emerging from different algebraic structures such as groups, rings, fields, vector spaces, etc. is a prominent area of research in mathematics, as algebra and graph theory are two ...mathematical fields that focus on creating and analysing structures. There are numerous studies linking algebraic structures and graphs, which began with the introduction of Cayley graphs of groups. Several algebraic graphs have been defined on rings, a fast-growing area in the literature. In this article, we systematically review the literature on some variants of Cayley graphs that are defined on rings and highlight the properties and characteristics of such graphs, to showcase the research in this area.
Radius of starlikeness of certain analytic functions Madhumitha, S.; Ravichandran, V.
Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Serie A, Matemáticas,
10/2021, Volume:
115, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
We investigate radius problems for three classes of normalized analytic functions
f
characterized by its ratio with certain normalized analytic functions
g
. The first two classes consist of ...functions
f
satisfying
Re
(
f
(
z
)
/
g
(
z
)
)
>
0
with either
Re
(
g
(
z
)
/
s
(
z
)
)
>
0
or
Re
(
g
(
z
)
/
s
(
z
)
)
>
1
/
2
and the other class consists of functions
f
satisfying
(
f
(
z
)
/
g
(
z
)
)
-
1
<
1
with
Re
(
g
(
z
)
/
s
(
z
)
)
>
0
for some starlike function
s
of order
α
,
0
≤
α
<
1
. For functions in these classes, we compute the various radii of starlikeness, including the radius of starlikeness of order
α
, and radius of Ma-Minda starlikeness associated with parabola, lemniscate of Bernoulli, exponential function, cardioid, sine, lune, rational function and nephroid.
Visual spatial attention has been shown to influence both contrast detection and suprathreshold contrast perception, as well as manual and saccadic reaction times (SRTs). Because SRTs are influenced ...also by stimulus contrast, we investigated if the enhancement of perceived contrast that accompanies attention could account for the shorter SRTs observed for attended targets locations. We conducted two dual-task experiments to assess psychophysical and oculomotor responses to non-foveal targets of various contrast for different spatial-attention-cueing conditions. Cues were either: valid, an arrow at fixation pointing in the direction of the upcoming target; invalid, an arrow pointing in a different direction from the target; or neutral, a small circle instead of an arrow. In both experiments, subjects were instructed to make a saccade to the location of a subsequent, briefly flashed target. In the first experiment, the psychophysical judgment was a two-alternative-forced-choice (2AFC) contrast-detection task, in which subjects reported whether the flashed target was at a near (3°) or far (6°) eccentricity. In the second experiment, the judgment was a contrast matching task, in which subjects reported whether the target’s contrast was higher or lower than a remembered standard contrast. The results exhibit a robust, ∼40–50 ms reduction of SRTs with a valid compared to an invalid cue. Cueing effects on contrast detection and matching were small and inconsistent across subjects. Hence, the observed decrease in SRTs could not be accounted for fully by an enhancement in the target’s effective contrast due to attention, as attended and unattended targets that were equally detectable or were perceived to have the same suprathreshold contrast showed substantial differences in SRT.
Introduction: COVID is a new disease; understanding the transmission dynamics and epidemiological characteristics may help in developing the effective control measures. The study is done 1. To ...determine the various factors influencing the acquisition of COVID-19 infection among high-risk contacts 2. To estimate the secondary attack rate among high-risk contacts 3. To determine the factors in COVID index cases influencing their secondary attack rate. Methodology: Unmatched case control study was conducted from March to August 2020 among 139 COVID index cases in Madurai district from March-May (Reference period) and their 50 COVID positive (cases), 551 COVID negative (controls) high-risk contacts. Case investigation form* and contact tracing Proforma*were used to collect data. Chi-square test and independent sample t test were used to find out the association. Univariate* and Multivariate logistic regression* were used to predict the risk of various factors in acquisition of COVID infection with the help of adjusted and unadjusted odds ratio. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Male contacts (P = 0.005, OR = 2.520), overcrowding (P = 0.007, OR = 3.810), and duration of exposure to index case (for 4-7 days P = 0.014, OR = 2.902, for >7 days P = 0.001, OR = 6.748 and for > 12 hours/day P = 0.000, OR = 5.543) were significant factors predicted to be associated with acquisition of COVID infection among high-risk contacts. Reproductive number (R0)* estimated was 1.3. Secondary attack rate (SAR)* estimated among high-risk contacts was 8.32%. Index cases whose outcome was death (P = 0.026); symptomatic index cases (P = 0.000), cases with fever (P = 0.001); sorethroat (P = 0.019); breathlessness (P = 0.010); cough (P = 0.006) and running nose (P = 0.002) had significantly higher mean SAR than their counterparts. Conclusion: Contacts with above said risk factors who were found to be more prone to infection could be given special focus to prevent the transmission in them.
Last-mile telecommunication networks witnessed phenomenal growth in using multi-hop wireless technologies to improve capacity and radio coverage for a longer extent. The penetration of wireless ...internet in last-mile multi-hop networks has significantly altered our routine lifestyle. Most internet applications heavily rely on transmission control protocol (TCP) to reliably deliver data packets between the sender-receiver processes. However, the fairness and steady-state convergence performance of TCP data traffic in the multi-hop radio networks (MRN) remain plagued by spurious rate reduction, flat rate cut, and low convergence limitations. The feedback-assisted improved recovery (FAIR) algorithm proposed in this article adopts three strategies to strengthen TCP's performance in the MRN. Initiate the congestion avoidance based on intermediate node queue accumulation, TCP's growth-based proportionate rate reduction method, and a rapid recovery mechanism. The MRN simulation experiments decisively demonstrate the substantial improvement in steady-state convergence time, flow fairness, throughput, and packet latency performances of the FAIR algorithm against RFC 6582, NRT, and OQS approaches.
ABSTRACT
To improve the functional and nutritional profile of pasta, the present study aims to develop black gram pasta using a blend of 70% Triticum durum semolina and 30% black gram flour; and it ...also aims to understand the influence of additives on the quality of pasta. Black gram pasta samples were evaluated for cooking quality, color, texture, protein profile, pasting characteristics, in vitro starch hydrolysis, microstructure and sensory quality. Results indicated protein content improvement for black gram substituted durum pasta (BGDP30) with 3% gluten and 0.5% hydroxypropyl methylcellose (HPMC); black gram substituted durum pasta with HMPC(BGDPC)(16.49%) from that of 30% BGDP30 (14.37%) and control (12.37%). The lightness value of BGDPC (51.66) was closer to control (50.88). The texture was improved from 1.01 N to 1.53 N, but it was still lesser than control (2.12N). The overall quality score for BGDPC (25.17) was better than control (23.96). The study indicated that with combination of gluten and HPMC, more desirable black gram pasta could be produced.
PRACTICAL APPLICATION
Pasta products rank as number two staple food and it is consumed worldwide. Black gram is known to be hypoglycemic agent and a good source of protein. The present manuscript demonstrated that the use of black gram flour (BGF) along with additives would improve the pasta product functional and nutritional quality. The present study indicates that the use of BGF along with additives will improve the nutritional quality of the pasta in terms of antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity. The outcome of the present study will have greater potential for pasta industries to develop healthier pasta products using BGF.
A methodology is proposed by combining the application of markers along with watershed transformation and thresholding for image segmentation. Use of the traditional watershed algorithm is widespread ...because of its advantage of being able to produce a complete division of the image. However, its drawbacks include over-segmentation and noise sensitivity. Therefore, the marker-based watershed segmentation is proposed here to overcome these effects. First, the original image is preprocessed by filtering techniques in order to smoothen it. Secondly, the foreground objects are marked. Then, the background markers are computed. Finally, the marked image is transformed through watershed transformation. The area is computed for the segmented objects in the image. It has been proved that this method reduces the error percentage.
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•Cytosine and guanine nucloebases adsorption on pure and boron doped graphyne (Gpn) nanosheet are studied.•The adsorption of cytosine and guanine bases on Gpn nanosheet exhibits ...physisorption nature.•Pure or boron doped Gpn nanosheet can be used to recognize the presence of cytosine and guanine bases.
We explored the cytosine and guanine nitrogenous bases adsorption over pure and boron substituted graphyne (Gpn) nanosheet. Initially, the stability of Gpn nanosheet is ascertained by formation energy and found to be stable. Also, the energy gap and density of states (DOS) spectrum are investigated for isolated condition and cytosine, and guanine adsorbed Gpn nanosheet. The adsorption energy shows physisorption type of adsorption for cytosine and guanine bases on Gpn nanosheet. Further, the charge transfer and energy gap deviation are also observed upon cytosine and guanine adsorption. The results reveal that pure and boron substituted Gpn nanosheet are promising nanostructures for adsorption of cytosine and guanine nucleobases.
Several methods have been implemented to find out if impurity is present in sugar cubes or powders so far. Several high end imaging techniques with X-ray scanners have been used to check the quality ...of the sugar. In this present study, without disturbing the physical nature of sugar, we have simply used the dielectric property analysis to check the purity of the sugar. This method can detect even infinitesimal amounts of impurity present in sugar with good accuracy. The positional accuracy is derived using artificial neural networks, which is been trained with various capacitance values when the impurity is present and gives the details on the change in capacitance value as the impurity position changes.
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