A debate on the female professors of Anatomy in Greece, taking into consideration their action as heads of the Anatomy Departments and their long time occupation with the anatomy education and ...research. Three out of the seven Anatomy Departments.
Aim of the present study was to determine the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on anatomy teaching to medical and dental students comparing the traditional anatomy teaching with three remote teaching ...modalities. A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate medical and dental students of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Four hundred and twenty students who attended anatomy classes during COVID-19 outbreak in Greece, were asked to fill in a questionnaire of 22 questions evaluating the formats of the different courses provided. Each student was asked to complete the questionnaire anonymously via the Google Forms
®
platform. A total of 200 students participated. During the lockdown, 59.5% of students attended all online anatomy lectures compared to 44.5% in the pre-pandemic year. Overall, the higher percentage of 73.5% was satisfied with the traditional anatomy teaching, instead of 56% which were satisfied with the effectiveness of online anatomy lectures. Asking whether any remote educational method can partially or completely replace the traditional anatomy teaching, the majority of students replied “no” for all the three remote modalities. The traditional anatomy teaching remains the most preferred and effective teaching modality. The students ranked online anatomy lectures and pre-recorded anatomy lectures in second place in terms of effectiveness and preference. The development of remote learning methods has increased students’ active participation in anatomy lessons, but significantly negatively affected the students’ performance at exams. Remote learning cannot replace the traditional anatomy teaching method, but online lectures could be incorporated into anatomy curricula as an additional tool.
Purpose
Taking into consideration that the aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) is the commonest congenital aortic arch anomaly (prevalence 0.16–4.4%), our goal was to investigate its incidence in ...Greeks, with respect to location, course, and relationship to trachea and esophagus. Gender dimorphism, coexisting neural, and vascular variations were also examined. The clinical impact and embryological background of the variation are discussed.
Methods
Two hundred and sixty-seven (126 male and 141 female) formalin-embalmed Greek cadavers (mean age 59 ± 13 years) were examined.
Results
The ARSA was detected in 6 cadavers (2.2%), 4 females (2.8%) and 2 males (1.6%). The artery followed a retroesophageal course in 83%, an interesophageotracheal course in 16.7%, while no pretracheal ARSA was detected. The ARSA coexisted with a bicarotid trunk, a Kommerell diverticulum, and a combination of them in one cadaver. Α combination of the ARSA with a thyroidea ima artery and a bilateral abnormal origin of the internal mammary artery was also detected in one case (17%), while no other associated anomaly was detected in a single case (17%). All ARSAs were accompanied with a right non-recurrent laryngeal nerve.
Conclusion
The ARSA has a relative high incidence in Greeks and a female predominance. The aberrant vessel follows a retroesophageal course in most cases and only one case with a location between trachea and esophagus was detected. The retroesophageal ARSA justifies the wide variety of clinical manifestations and complications occurred.
The outcomes of the implementation of augmented reality (AR) in anatomical education have not been reviewed so far. We performed a narrative review of the literature concerning these outcomes.
We ...searched in the databases PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, ERIC, CINAHL plus and Web of Science for papers with the aim to explore the outcomes of the implementation of AR in anatomical education. From each paper, we extracted the following data: authors, year of publication, type of study (comparative or not), number of participants, level of outcome according to Kirkpatrick hierarchy, acceptability of AR, impact on examinations performance, ability to facilitate understanding of spatial organization of structures and to motivate students to learn anatomy.
Seven papers were eligible for analysis. There were five comparative and two non-comparative studies. Three studies evaluated only students’ perceptions about AR, while four papers assessed their examinations performance after the application of AR. Generally, AR was proved a highly acceptable and enjoyable anatomy teaching tool. It had remarkable efficacy in terms of helping students understand three-dimensional organization of structures and achieve satisfactory examinations results.
Although the research concerning the implementation of AR in anatomical education is relatively limited, there are promising results regarding the teaching potential of AR. These results could encourage anatomy educators to include this tool in their teaching methods. Randomized controlled studies are needed to prove if AR could effectively replace or supplement other anatomy pedagogy methods.
Eagle's syndrome: A review of the literature Piagkou, Maria; Anagnostopoulou, Sophia; Kouladouros, Konstantinos ...
Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.),
07/2009, Volume:
22, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Several congenital anomalies regarding the right (RVA) and left (LVA) vertebral artery have been described. The current paper aims to perform a systematic literature review of the variable vertebral ...artery (VA) origin from the aortic arch (AOA) and its branches. The incidence of these variants and the ensuing AOA branching pattern are highlighted. Atypical origin cases were found more commonly unilaterally, while LVA presented the majority of the aberrancies. The LVA emersion from the AOA (3.6%) and the RVA from the right common carotid artery (RCCA) (0.14%) were the commonest origin variations. Aberrant RVA origin as last branch of the AOA is very rare. Eighteen cases (0.12%) with an aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSCA) were found. Among them, the RVA originated from the RCCA and right subclavian artery in 94.4 and 5.6%, respectively. Sporadic cases had an AOA origin bilaterally; RVA and LVA had a double origin in 0.027 and 0.11%, respectively. A dual origin was detected in 0.0069%, bilaterally. The atypical VA origin may coexist with: (i) an ARSCA, (ii) a common origin of brachiocephalic artery and left common carotid artery (the misnomer bovine arch) and (iii) a bicarotid trunk. The aberrant VA origin favors hemodynamic alterations, predisposing to cerebrovascular disorders and intracranial aneurysm formation. Detailed information of VA variants is crucial for both endovascular interventionists and diagnostic radiologists involved in the treatment of patients with cerebrovascular disease. Such information may prove useful to minimize the risk of VA injury in several procedures.
The postsynaptic fibers of the pterygopalatine or sphenopalatine ganglion (PPG or SPG) supply the lacrimal and nasal glands. The PPG appears to play an important role in various pain syndromes ...including headaches, trigeminal and sphenopalatine neuralgia, atypical facial pain, muscle pain, vasomotor rhinitis, eye disorders, and herpes infection. Clinical trials have shown that these pain disorders can be managed effectively with sphenopalatine ganglion blockade (SPGB). In addition, regional anesthesia of the distribution area of the SPG sensory fibers for nasal and dental surgery can be provided by SPGB via a transnasal, transoral, or lateral infratemporal approach. To arouse the interest of the modern‐day clinicians in the use of the SPGB, the advantages, disadvantages, and modifications of the available methods for blockade are discussed.▪
Background and Objectives: In the modified anterolateral minimally invasive surgery (ALMIS) for total hip arthroplasty (THA), the intermuscular plane between the tensor fasciae latae and the gluteus ...maximus (GM) is exposed, while the anterior ¼ of the GM is detached. There are scarce data regarding this surgical approach. The purpose of the present study is to thoroughly describe this approach, encompassing the anatomical background, and to present the results of a retrospective two-center study of 603 patients. Materials and Methods: The present study includes a two-center retrospective observational cohort of 603 patients undergoing the ALMIS technique with minimum 5-year follow-up. Demographics were recorded, while range of motion (ROM) of the hip joint and the Harris Hip Score (HHS) were evaluated preoperatively, at 1, 3 and 12 months postoperatively and at the final follow-up (>5 years). Surgery-related complications were also recorded. Results: The studied population’s mean age was 69.4 years, while most of them were females (397; 65.8%). The mean follow-up was 6.9 years. The median HHS at the 1-month follow-up was 74, compared to the 47 preoperatively (p-value < 0.0001). At the final follow-up, median HHS was 94. At the 1-month follow-up, mean adduction was 19.9° (compared to 15.4° preoperatively; p < 0.0001), mean abduction 24.3° (18.2° preoperatively; p < 0.0001), mean flexion 107.8° (79.1° preoperatively; p < 0.0001), mean external rotation 20.1° (12.1° preoperatively; p < 0.0001) and mean internal rotation 15.3° (7.2° preoperatively; p < 0.0001). ROM further improved until the final follow-up; mean adduction reached 22°, mean abduction 27.1°, mean flexion 119.8°, mean external rotation 24.4° and mean internal rotation 19.7°. Regarding complications, 1.3% of the sample suffered anterior traumatic dislocation, in 1.8% an intraoperative femoral fracture occurred, while 1.2% suffered periprosthetic joint infection. Conclusions: The modified ALMIS technique exhibited excellent clinical outcomes at short-, mid- and long-term follow-up, by significantly improving hip ROM and the HHS. Careful utilization of this technique, after adequate training, should yield favorable outcomes, while minimal major complications should be expected.
BackgroundThe first 3 ribs are anatomically well-protected, shielded by the large thoracic muscles, the shoulder girdle, and the arm. A significant force is required to fracture these ribs; thus, ...such fractures suggest a high-energy trauma and are associated with injuries to vital organs of the thorax, such as the aorta, the heart, the lungs and the great vessels.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted over a 10-year period at a single hospital. The study assessed patients with fractures of the second rib, including their concurrent injuries and the overall severity of their trauma.ResultsAmong the 76 patients included in the study, the average age was 47.35 years, 81.5% were men, and 19.5% were women. Thirteen patients (17.1%) survived their injuries. The most common causes of injury were road traffic accidents (63%) and pedestrian injuries (22%). The patients who did not survive sustained injuries to an average of 5 additional organs, while survivors had injuries to an average of 2.07 additional organs. Left rib fractures were the most frequently observed (46%). The most serious concurrent injuries reported were to the aorta (5.26%), heart (10.52%), lung (52.36%), head (57.89%), liver (30.2%), spleen (26.31%), and kidney (17.1%).ConclusionAs indicators of serious injury to vital endothoracic organs, isolated fractures of the second rib should be considered equal to first rib fractures in clinical importance.
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