As a transition country, Croatia is confronted with fundamental changes in the segment of capital transactions. These changes are the result of the country’s market orientation, of its position in ...the globalization (integration) processes, but especially of its needs. The limiting framework of a more signifi cant development of the capital market is set by the reached level of development of the Croatian economy, by the underdevelopment of the entire fi nancial market, by, until recently, inadequate legal regulation and, partially, by the specifi c tradition and conservatism in this segment. The present situation in the segment of capital transactions indicates the comprehensiveness of the changes regarding the development of the capital market, but at the same time the extreme sensitivity of this market to changes of the economic activity in the country, as well as in its surrounding, and high sensibility relating to the political decision about the initiation of negotiations with the European Union concerning the membership of Croatia in this association.
Through a continuous reform of its fiscal system (especially the tax system), the Republic of Croatia has harmonized them with those of EU countries, in keeping with European integration processes ...and the intention to become a full EU member. Certain differences are still in place (tax rates, certain tax incentives, benefits and exemptions), but they are soon to be harmonized as well in an ongoing tax system reform. As for the monetary segment, Croatia is already relatively well harmonized with EU standards. This harmonization is primarily based on a stable exchange rate of the national currency and low inflation. The legislation is for the most part in line with the country's endeavours in this area. Certain segments of monetary finances, especially those with long-term effects such as capital transfers etc., which are not yet adequately regulated through positive legislation, will soon have to be harmonized with the EU acquis.
Porez na dodanu vrijednost u hrvatskom poreznom sustavu funkcionira od početka 1998. sa jednom poreznom stopom od 22% na poreznu osnovicu. Uvidjevši određene nepravilnosti jednostopnog sustava, ...porezne vlasti početkom listopada 1999. godine u hrvatsku praksu uvode nultu stopu oporezivanja PDV-om za određene vrste proizvoda i to za sve vrste kruha, mlijeka, knjige određenog karaktera, lijekove i proizvode koji se kirurškim putem ugrađuju u ljudsko tijelo. Time se promijenio i izgled računa koji porezni obveznik mora izdavati prilikom prodaje robe, na kojem PDV mora biti razvrstan po poreznim stopama.
Značaj suvremenog kovanog novca daleko nadmašuje njegovu zastupljenost u novčanoj masi. Stoga se nameće potreba gospodarenja i ovim tipom novca s ciljem da njegova emisija postane značajan nefiskalni ...izvor prihoda države.
Uspostavljanjem stabilnosti tečaja nacionalne valute i učinkovitom monetarno-kreditnom politikom stvaraju se preduvjeti za to.
Inkorporiranjem suvremenih numizmatičnih rješenja u znanost o novcu ovi učinci mogu biti još veći.
Temeljeno na izuzetno bogatoj novčanoj i numizmatičkoj baštini te na makro-ekonomskoj stabilnosti i kupovnoj snazi novčane jedinice - kune Hrvatska ima sve preduvjete za to.
In the modern world, a legal framework has been set up and a market regulator has been defi ned so that payment as a relation between the debtor and creditor can not be put in question regarding the ...realization of their integral rights. Countries in transition, including Croatia (the Republic of Croatia), are still trying to defi ne not only the shortterm, but also the long-term regulators that would clarify all open questions both in the economic and in the legal segment. Promissory note as the payment security instrument has in practice become operative only through a consistent use of Distraint law. A theoretical and an implementation mechanism merge into one functional mechanism, on the basis of which it can be said that in this segment the Republic of Croatia has truly overcome the transitional barriers.
Svrha rada: Cilj je istraživanja istražiti izvedivost programa PCI u bolnici bez kardiokirurške potpore, i usporediti naše rezultate sa smjernicama i skupinom konzervativno liječenih bolesnika u ...razdoblju prije uvođenja primarne perkutane koronarne intervencije (pPCI). Metode: Podatci o svim bolesnicima s akutnim infarktom miokarda sa ST elevacijom (STEMI) liječenim pPCI prospektivno su bilježeni. Rezultati: Od početka programa pPCI od siječnja 2005. do listopada 2007. godine kada je u našoj ustanovi započeo s radom Odjel kardiokirurgije liječeno je 366 bolesnika. Unutarbolnička smrtnost iznosila je 6,3%, u usporedbi s 15% (87/583) u skupini konzervativno liječenih bolesnika u trogodišnjem razdoblju prije uvođenja pPCI. Prosječno vrijeme od početka boli do postavljanja balona iznosilo je 315 minuta, vrijeme od boli do prvoga medicinskog kontakta 102 minute, vrijeme od prvoga medicinskog kontakta do vrata bolnice 94 minute, vrijeme od vrata bolnice do laboratorija 84 minute, vrijeme od laboratorija do otvaranja krvne žile 45 minuta, a vrijeme od vrata do postavljanja balona 129 minuta. Zaključak: Analiza rezultata pokazuje da je uvođenje programa primarne PCI u bolnici bez kardiokirurške potpore u regiji sigurno i da pruža značajnu redukciju mortaliteta u bolesnika sa STEMI. U organizaciji službe za zbrinjavanje akutnog infarkta miokarda treba naglasiti agresivno rješavanje vremenskog zastoja u primjeni pPCI unutar bolnice.
There are conflicting reports in the literature regarding the role of sex on the in-hospital mortality of patients with acute myocardial infarction. The objective of this study is to determine ...whether there are gender differences in in-hospital mortality and angiographic findings of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We conducted a prospective study of all patients admitted to University Hospital Center Split, Croatia with STEMI from 2004 to 2008 who underwent PCI. From March 2004 throughout September 2008, 488 patients with STEMI underwent PCI (364 men, 74.6%; 124 women, 25.4%). Compared with men, women were significantly older (mean age, 67.3 vs. 60.3 years; p<0.001). Men had a significantly higher proportion of circumflex artery occlusion (19.5% vs. 10.5%, p=0.022). A higher proportion of men had a multivessel disease than women (56.8% vs. 41.9%; p=0.004). In-hospital mortality was significantly higher among women (11.3% vs. 4.6%; p=0.002) but after adjustment for the baseline difference in age, the female sex was not an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR 1.15; 95% CI 0.82–1.84). In men, occlusions of left anterior descending artery showed higher mortality rate than occlusions of other coronary arteries (LM 0%, LAD 7.3%, Cx 2.8%, RCA 0.7%, p=0.03). According to our results female gender is not an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention. In men, occlusions of left anterior descending arteries are associated with higher mortality rate comparing to occlusions of other coronary arteries.
This paper presents the possibilities of development for Croatian regional hospitals through Public-Private Partnerships (PPP). The goal is to derive lessons from other countries’ experiences in ...implementation and enforcement of the PPP model for hospitals in order to avoid future mistakes and to present possibilities of the PPP model implementation in Croatian regional hospitals, putting it in the framework of EU accession. The paper will answer questions like are there EU experiences in the PPP model application in hospitals and what are the outcomes; is the PPP model of financing public infrastructure regulated on EU level and how; are there existing preconditions in the Croatian legal system and institutional environment for the enforcement of EU experiences; how can UK’s experiences be applied in Croatian regional hospitals, and finally, what needs to be adjusted and regulated in order to create grounds for PPP implementation in regional public hospitals and to avoid future mistakes in Croatia. In order to show that the PPP model of fi nancing public regional hospitals offers possibilities of economic transformation of the health care sector, paper first tried to prove that regional hospitals in Croatia are neglected and the concentration is present in Zagreb. Secondly, the specifi c geographic layout of Croatia requires the development of regional medical centers where access to public health service is available to patients from the region. Thirdly, in the light of the current situation (large hospitals debts, insuffi cient fi nancial funds etc.) the PPP model could offer an extra model of fi nancing in order to provide the best quality medical service to citizens. And finally, as a good practice example, the largest PFI hospital scheme in the United Kingdom was analysed and tried to present through opportunities for Clinical Hospital Osijek (CHO) transformation using PFI model of financing.
The Republic of Croatia is one of the transition countries that have abandoned planned economy and turned towards market-oriented economy. These new conditions of the market-oriented economy required ...normative adjustments in certain spheres of social and economic activity, resulting in the realization of new income in the budget structure, the likes of which were unknown in the economy of self-managing socialism. New sorts of budget income found themselves in the quantitative and qualitative function of satisfying public needs. In that respect, the authors of this paper explain the following: • The concept of concession, i.e., concession income in telecommunications; • The concept of telecommunications; • Normative regulations related to telecommunications in the Republic of Croatia; • Normative prerequisites for the realization of concession income on the example of a radio station.
