Face to the Village McDonald, Tracy
Face to the Village,
2011, 20110521, 2010, 2011., 2010-12-31, 20110101
eBook
In the summer of 1924, the Bolshevik Party called on scholars, the police, the courts, and state officials to turn their attention to the villages of Russia. The subsequent campaign to 'face the ...countryside' generated a wealth of intelligence that fed into the regime's sense of alarmed conviction that the countryside was a space outside Bolshevik control. Richly rooted in archival sources, including local and central-level secret police reports, detailed cases of the local and provincial courts, government records, and newspaper reports, Face to the Village is a nuanced study of the everyday workings of the Russian village in the 1920s. Local-level officials emerge in Tracy McDonald's study as vital and pivotal historical actors, existing between the Party's expectations and peasant interests. McDonald's careful exposition of the relationships between the urban centre and the peasant countryside brings us closer to understanding the fateful decision to launch a frontal attack on the countryside in the fall of 1929 under the auspices of collectivization.
The spleen is the second most commonly injured solid organ during blunt abdominal trauma. Although total splenectomy is frequently performed for injury, splenic rupture can also be managed by splenic ...embolization. For these patients, current Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations indicate that if 50% or more of the splenic mass is lost, patients should be treated as though they are asplenic. We have previously demonstrated that compliance with ACIP guidelines regarding immunization after splenectomy is poor. Compliance with vaccination in the setting of splenic embolization for trauma is unknown and we hypothesized patients would not receive the recommended immunizations.
All admissions at our level 1 trauma center requiring splenic embolization secondary to traumatic injury between January 1, 2010, and November 1, 2015, were reviewed. Demographic and injury data, dates and imaging of splenic embolizations, immunization documentation, subsequent vaccination boosters received, and outcomes were collected from the medical record. The proportion of spleen embolized was estimated by review of angiographic imaging using an established method.
Nine thousand nine hundred sixty-five trauma patients were admitted during the period studied. Nineteen patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Median age of the patient population was 35 y, 85% were male, and median injury severity score was 28. Of these, 15 patients underwent a splenic embolization, in which 50% or more of their splenic mass was lost through embolization. Eight patients received at least one immunization before discharge. Six received initial immunizations against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae, while three received only the initial immunization against S pneumoniae. None of the 15 patients received any ACIP-recommended booster. Of the four patients having less than 50% of their spleen embolized, three wrongly received immunization against encapsulated organisms before hospital discharge.
Trauma patients undergoing splenic embolization at our institution receive postsplenectomy immunizations incorrectly and had no recorded booster vaccines. We speculate that this is common among the U.S. trauma centers. Review of immunization practices in our trauma and nontrauma patient populations is underway in our health system to improve the care of these patients, and our experience may serve as a guide for other centers to reduce complications associated with asplenia.
A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify information on gene expression changes following exposures to inorganic arsenic compounds. This information was organized by compound, ...exposure, dose/concentration, species, tissue, and cell type. A concentration-related hierarchy of responses was observed, beginning with changes in gene/protein expression associated with adaptive responses (e.g., preinflammatory responses, delay of apoptosis). Between 0.1 and 10 μM, additional gene/protein expression changes related to oxidative stress, proteotoxicity, inflammation, and proliferative signaling occur along with those related to DNA repair, cell cycle G2/M checkpoint control, and induction of apoptosis. At higher concentrations (10-100 μM), changes in apoptotic genes dominate. Comparisons of primary cell results with those obtained from immortalized or tumor-derived cell lines were also evaluated to determine the extent to which similar responses are observed across cell lines. Although immortalized cells appear to respond similarly to primary cells, caution must be exercised in using gene expression data from tumor-derived cell lines, where inactivation or overexpression of key genes (e.g., p53, Bcl-2) may lead to altered genomic responses. Data from acute in vivo exposures are of limited value for evaluating the dose-response for gene expression, because of the transient, variable, and uncertain nature of tissue exposure in these studies. The available in vitro gene expression data, together with information on the metabolism and protein binding of arsenic compounds, provide evidence of a mode of action for inorganic arsenic carcinogenicity involving interactions with critical proteins, such as those involved in DNA repair, overlaid against a background of chemical stress, including proteotoxicity and depletion of nonprotein sulfhydryls. The inhibition of DNA repair under conditions of toxicity and proliferative pressure may compromise the ability of cells to maintain the integrity of their DNA. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2010.
This concluding volume in the series presents the work of faculty who have been moved to make sustainability the focus of their work, and to use service learning as one method of teaching ...sustainability to their students. The chapters in the opening section of this book - Environmental Awareness - offer models for opening students to the awareness of the ecological aspects of sustainability, and of the interdependence of the ecosystem with human and with institutional decisions and behavior; and illustrate how they, in turn, can share that awareness with the community.The second section - Increasing Civic Engagement - explores means for fostering commitment to community service and experiencing the capacity to effect change.The concluding section - Sustainability Concepts in Business and Economics - addresses sustainability within the business context, with emphasis on the "triple bottom line"-the achievement of profitability through responsible environmental practice and respect for all stakeholders in the enterprise.
This concluding volume in the series presents the work of faculty who have been moved to make sustainability the focus of their work, and to use service learning as one method of teaching ...sustainability to their students. The chapters in the opening section of this book – Environmental Awareness – offer models for opening students to the awareness of the ecological aspects of sustainability, and of the interdependence of the ecosystem with human and with institutional decisions and behavior; and illustrate how they, in turn, can share that awareness with the community.The second section – Increasing Civic Engagement – explores means for fostering commitment to community service and experiencing the capacity to effect change.The concluding section – Sustainability Concepts in Business and Economics – addresses sustainability within the business context, with emphasis on the "triple bottom line"—the achievement of profitability through responsible environmental practice and respect for all stakeholders in the enterprise.
There has been a growing trend of local and national coverage of and interest in concussion injuries over the past 2 decades. Increasing public concern over potential catastrophic and unknown ...long-term effects of sports-related concussion injuries has led to an acknowledgment of the strong public health need for addressing all concussion injuries, regardless of mechanism of injury. In efforts to address this need for concussion prevention and management, both in sports and nonsports, The University of Kansas Health System initiated the interdisciplinary Center for Concussion Management program in 2012. The program was created as a virtual clinic concept and includes voluntary participation from various providers across the institution, limited budget, and space obstacles. Since its inception, the program has continued to operate as its initial design of a multidisciplinary team model outside the sole ownership of 1 department, and has expanded to include education and outreach to local and regional schools and groups.
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