The
gene family comprises plant-specific transcription factors that control cell proliferation and differentiation during growth and development in many plant species. However, to date, no studies of ...the LBD gene family in
have been reported. In this study, a genome-wide analysis of LBD genes was performed in
and 24
genes were identified. The genes were classified into two classes (I and II) based on phylogenetic relationships and motif structure. Subcellular localization analysis for DcaLBD6 and DcaLBD18 from class I and DcaLBD37 and DcaLBD41 from class II revealed that the proteins were localized in the nucleus. Transient expression analysis of DcaLBD6, DcaLBD18, DcaLBD37, and DcaLBD41 indicated that class I and class II members have opposite roles in regulating
(
) expression.
genes showed diverse expression patterns in response to different phytohormone treatments. Heat maps revealed diverse patterns of
gene expression in different organs. These results lay the foundation for further detailed studies of the
gene family in
.
Planetary gearbox faults are the leading causes of downtime in wind turbines (WTs). In recent years, numerous and various vibration-based approaches have been put forward for WT gearbox fault ...detection. In the vibration-based techniques, order tracking-based methods, which by identifying fault orders in gearbox drivetrains, are regarded as very promising and powerful techniques. In the currently available order tracking methods, auxiliary devices are required to accurately obtain the instantaneous angular speed (IAS) of drivetrain. To tackle this problem, instantaneous angular speed estimation from vibration signals has been studied and some tacho-less order tracking (TLOT) approaches have been developed. However, many vital parameters for IAS estimation in the currently available TLOT algorithms need to be manually selected, which raise the question of user-friendliness, even result in a false diagnosis. As mentioned earlier, aiming at the shortcomings, a novel TLOT method based on adaptive IAS estimation is proposed for WT planetary gearbox fault diagnosis. In the proposed method, the nonlinear mode decomposition (NMD) method is improved, and its computational burden is reduced. And, the tachometer information of the drivetrain is adaptively extracted by the improved NMD method from generator vibration signal for gearbox vibration signal resampling. A field test is conducted, and the vibration signal of WT planetary gearbox with the compound fault is used for further investigation. The experimental validation results demonstrate that the planetary gearbox compound fault can be successfully detected, and the proposed method outperforms the traditional method based on generalized demodulation.
The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) proteins are a class of transcription factors exclusive to plants. They can promote cell division or inhibit stem cell differentiation to regulate plant growth and ...development. However, the WOX transcription factor genes in the monocotyledon Dendrobium catenatum Lindl. remain relatively uncharacterized. Specifically, the effects of phytohormones on their expression levels are unclear. In this study, we identified and analyzed 10 candidate DcaWOX transcription factor genes in D. catenatum. The DcaWOX family was divided into the modern/WUS, intermediate, and ancient clades. The subcellular localization analysis detected DcaWOX-GFP fusion proteins in the tobacco epidermal leaf cell nucleus. In DcaWOX, members of the WUS clade with the WUS-box motif can significantly activate the expression of TPL in vivo, while members of the intermediate and ancient clades cannot. The expression of the DcaWOX genes varied among the examined tissues. Moreover, the DcaWOX expression patterns were differentially affected by the phytohormone treatments, with differences detected even between homologs of the same gene. Furthermore, the gene expression patterns were consistent with the predicted cis-acting elements in the promoters. The above results suggest that DcaWOX may have an important role in its growth and development and resistance to stress. The results of this comprehensive investigation of the DcaWOX gene family provide the basis for future studies on the roles of WOX genes in D. catenatum.
The disjunct distribution of forests in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and adjacent Helan Shan and Daqing Shan highlands provides an excellent model to examine vegetation shifts, glacial refugia ...and gene flow of key species in this complex landscape region in response to past climatic oscillations and human disturbance. In this study, we examined maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (nad1 intron b/c and nad5 intron 1) and paternally inherited chloroplast DNA (trnC-trnD) sequence variation within a dominant forest species, Picea crassifolia Kom. We recovered nine mitotypes and two chlorotypes in a survey of 442 individuals from 32 populations sampled throughout the species' range. Significant mitochondrial DNA population subdivision was detected (GST = 0.512; NST = 0.679), suggesting low levels of recurrent gene flow through seeds among populations and significant phylogeographical structure (NST > GST, P < 0.05). Plateau haplotypes differed in sequence from those in the adjacent highlands, suggesting a long period of allopatric fragmentation between the species in the two regions and the presence of independent refugia in each region during Quaternary glaciations. On the QTP platform, all but one of the disjunct populations surveyed were fixed for the same mitotype, while most populations at the plateau edge contained more than one haplotype with the mitotype that was fixed in plateau platform populations always present at high frequency. This distribution pattern suggests that present-day disjunct populations on the QTP platform experienced a common recolonization history. The same phylogeographical pattern, however, was not detected for paternally inherited chloroplast DNA haplotypes. Two chlorotypes were distributed throughout the range of the species with little geographical population differentiation (GST = NST = 0.093). This provides evidence for highly efficient pollen-mediated gene flow among isolated forest patches, both within and between the QTP and adjacent highland populations. A lack of isolation to pollen-mediated gene flow between forests on the QTP and adjacent highlands is surprising given that the Tengger Desert has been a geographical barrier between these two regions for approximately the last 1.8 million years.
Baicalein, one of the major flavonids in Scutellaria baicalensis, has historically been used in anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer therapies. However, the anti-metastatic effect and related ...mechanism(s) in glioma are still unclear. In this study, we thus utilized glioma cell lines U87MG and U251MG to explore the effect of baicalein. We found that administration of baicalein significantly inhibited migration and invasion of glioma cells. In addition, after treating with baicalein for 24 h, there was a decrease in the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 expression as well as proteinase activity in glioma cells. Conversely, the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and TIMP-2 was increased in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, baicalein treatment significantly decreased the phosphorylated level of p38, but not ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and PI3K/Akt. Combined treatment with a p38 inhibitor (SB203580) and baicalein resulted in the synergistic reduction of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and then increase of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expression; and the invasive capabilities of U87MG cells were also inhibited. However, p38 chemical activator (anisomycin) could block these effects produced by baicalein, suggesting baicalein directly downregulate the p38 signaling pathway. In conclusion, baicalein inhibits glioma cells invasion and metastasis by reducing cell motility and migration via suppression of p38 signaling pathway, suggesting that baicalein is a potential therapeutic agent for glioma.
Biodiversity is essential for the provision of multiple ecosystem functions simultaneously (ecosystem multifunctionality EMF). Yet, it remains unclear whether and how dominant plant species impact ...EMF. Here, we aimed at disentangling the direct from indirect above- and belowground pathways by which dominant plant species influence EMF. We evaluated the effects of two dominant plant species (
, and the toxic perennial plant
) with expected positive and negative impacts on the abiotic environment (soil water content and pH), surrounding biological communities (plant and nematode richness, biomass, and abundance in the vicinity), and on the EMF of alpine meadows, respectively. We found that the two dominant plants enhanced EMF, with a positive effect of
on EMF greater than that of
.
. We also observed that dominant plants impacted on EMF through changes in soil water content and pH (indirect abiotic effects), but not through changes in biodiversity of surrounding plants and nematodes (indirect biotic pathway). Our study suggests that dominant plants may play an important role in promoting EMF, thus expanding the pervasive mass-ratio hypothesis originally framed for individual functions, and could mitigate the negative impacts of vegetation changes on EMF in the alpine meadows.
Background. We attempt to discuss the function of self-made prescription compound Rhodiola rosea on the kidneys of rats with type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN), through studying the effects of ...self-made rescription compound Rhodiola rosea on the ultrastructure of podocytes in rats with DN. Methods. DN rat model was established by streptozotocin. The successfully modeled rats were divided into 4 groups, DN group, compound Rhodiola low-dose group, medium-dose group, and high-dose group. Compound Rhodiola low-dose group, medium-dose group, and high-dose group were administered for 8 weeks, and the DN group and the blank control group were administered with normal saline. The podocyte count, podocyte width, podocyte fusion rate, and average thickness of glomerular basement membrane were compared in each group, and the ultrastructural changes in podocytes were observed by transmission electron microscope. Results. Compared with the normal control group, the number of podocytes in the DN group remarkably reduced, but the width level of podocyte, the fusion rate of podocyte, and the average thickness of basilar membrane remarkably increased (P<0.05). Compared with the DN group, the number of podocytes in the high-, medium-, and low-dose groups increased remarkably, but the width level of podocyte, the fusion rate of podocyte, and the average thickness of basilar membrane decreased remarkably (P<0.05). Compared with the low-dose group, the number of podocytes in the high-dose group and the medium-dose group increased remarkably, but the width of podocyte, the fusion rate of podocyte, as well as the average thickness of basilar membrane remarkably reduced (P<0.05). Various indicators of high- and medium-dose groups had no statistical difference (P>0.05). Conclusions. Self-made prescription compound Rhodiola rosea can promote the recovery of podocyte in DN rat and protect their kidney.
Halenia elliptica is a popular Chinese medicinal herb that is used to treat jaundice disease and virus hepatitis, and its wild populations have been reduced significantly due to overharvesting ...recently. However, effective conservation could not be implemented because of the lack of genomic information and genetic markers. In this study, a de novo transcriptome of H elliptica was sequenced using the NGS Illumina, and 132 695 unigenes with the length >200 bp (base pairs) were obtained. Among them, a total of 32 109 unigenes were scanned to develop simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Based on NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) nonredundant database (Nr), these SSR sequences were annotated and assigned into gene ontology categories. In addition, we designed 126 pairs of SSR primers for polymerase chain reaction amplification, of which 12 pairs were identified to be polymorphic among 40 individuals from 8 populations. We then used the 12 polymorphic SSRs to construct a UPGMA dendrogram of the 40 individuals. In addition, a significant correlation between the genetic relationship and the geographic distance was found, suggesting a phylogeographic structure in H elliptica. Moreover, 2 of these SSRs were also successfully amplified in a related species Veratrilla baillonii, suggesting their cross-species transferability. Generally, the SSR markers with high polymorphisms identified in this study provide valuable genetic resources and represent an initial step for exploring the genetic diversity and population histories of H elliptica and its related species.
In this paper, an acousto-optic (AO) Q-switch based on α-BaTeMo2O9 (α-BTM) crystal is designed and further applied to generate a laser pulse at 639 nm for the first time. The α-BTM AO Q-switch ...demonstrates a large diffraction angle of 0.93° and a high diffraction efficiency of 85% at 639 nm. In the experiment, a maximum AO Q-switched output power of 362 mW is achieved at a repetition rate of 30 kHz, under a maximum absorbed pump power of 3.60 W, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 15.2%. With transmittance of T = 3%, the shortest Q-switching pulse width of 54.7 ns is generated at a repetition rate of 1 kHz. Meanwhile, the beam quality factor M2 of the above laser is measured, presenting the magnitude of 1.14 at both x and y directions. Our findings indicate that α-BTM AO Q-switch could act as an excellent switching device at 639 nm which may help to explore potential applications in the visible field.
We present theoretical study of large self-Kerr nonlinearity in double quantum dot system and an efficient scheme to monitor voltage fluctuation. Due to resonant tunneling, constructive interference ...occurs for the self-Kerr nonlinearity. At some frequency detuning, the nonlinearity could be enhanced about one order of magnitude larger than that on resonance. The Kerr nonlinearity is sensitive to the tunneling, which can be used to sense voltage fluctuation, and it sensitivity could be of 0.2
μ
eV from simulation.
PDF
