The growth of poultry population in Ukraine and in the world leads to a number of environmental problems such as concentration and accumulation of large masses of manure without litter and manure ...mixed with organic litter. A rational way to dispose poultry manure, including broiler chickens’ manure, is to produce vermicompost from it by growing there a hybrid of local red worm or Eisenia fetida. Unfermented broiler manure contains a high concentration of nitrogen-containing compounds, including ammonia, which has a negative effect on worms. Even at low ammonia concentrations in the organic biomass, the worms die. Traditional methods can take more than 17 months to compost broiler manure. One of the ways to speed up composting is to apply bioprocessing devices and aeration of the manure. The effectiveness of growing vermiculture on the fermented broiler manure with a biodegrader and different aeration regimes remains insufficiently studied. For the experimental cultivation of worms, we used the broiler chicken manure fermented for 160 days, which was enriched with air once every 10 days by mechanical mixing (control), 15 minutes a day using a compressor (I experimental group) and twice a day for 15 minutes using a compressor (II experimental group). The study determined the number of adult and immature worms, their weight, the number of cocoons and their weight. It has been experimentally found that fermented broiler chicken manure under different aeration regimes with litter as part of the vermiculture substrate has an effect on the reproduction and weight of worms and their cocoons. Growing worms on a substrate from fermented broiler chickens' litter with a daily one-time air enrichment with a compressor increases the number of mature worms by 15.7 % compared to the control group. The largest mass of mature worms was recorded in the first experimental group. It was proved that the use of fermented broiler manure with active aeration (experimental group I) as a substrate increased the number and weight of immature worms by 10.3 and 33.3 %, respectively, compared to the control. The largest number of cocoons has been found in the first experimental group.
The rapid growth of production volumes of broiler chicken products both in our country and in most countries of the world is combined with an increase in industry waste. A significant percentage of ...this waste is poultry droppings with litter. In the absence of implemented technologies for rational disposal of broiler chicken droppings, economic and ecological problems arise locally. Considering the above, the search for effective methods of disposal of broiler chicken droppings is of scientific and practical importance. Composting poultry droppings with litter (sawdust of non-coniferous trees) can be an alternative method of rational disposal of this waste. To accelerate the fermentation of broiler litter, there is a practice of using various microbiological preparations. The effectiveness of using a biodestructor containing bacteria: Bacillus spp., Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megatherium, Bacillus mesentericus, Bacillus mycoides during composting of broiler chicken excrement and its effect on the microbiological, chemical and physical parameters of fermented biomass remains unexplored. To conduct an experiment, 30 kg samples were formed from the excrement with the litter taken from the poultry house after broiler chickens had been reared for 42 days. In the control group, excrement samples were treated with water without a biodestructor. In the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd research groups, broiler chicken droppings were moistened with biodestructor solutions providing its doses of 143, 1430, and 2860 mg/t, respectively. Temperature and microbiological indicators were determined in the litter of broiler chickens during composting. In non-fermented litter of broiler chickens and litter composted for 150 days using a biodestructor, the crude protein content, mass fraction of Calcium, total Nitrogen and Phosphorus were determined. It has been established that the introduction of a biodestructor at a dose of 2860 mg/t of manure with a moisture content of 60.0 % leads to an increase in the activity of biochemical processes, which is confirmed by an increase in the temperature of the compost during the first hundred days of fermentation. The higher the dose of biodestructor was added to the litter of broiler chickens, the higher the KMAFAnM indicator and the numbers of Bacillus spp. bacteria in compost were higher. A regularity has been established that with the increase in the amount of biodestructor in the litter of broiler chickens, the number of Staphylococcus and Clostridium bacteria in the latter decreases. The use of a biodestructor at a dose of 2860 mg/t of broiler chicken droppings contributes to the increase of Nitrogen, crude protein, and Phosphorus in the compost and accelerates its mineralization compared to the control.
The binary phase diagram of pyrene with 2,3-7,8-dibenzpyrene-1,6-quinone C
24
H
12
O
2
was studied experimentally in 20–400 °C temperature interval at 0–100% of pyrene. The melting point of C
24
H
12
...O
2
was found to be 375 °C. The experimental data made it possible to estimate for the first time the thermal effect of melting of C
24
H
12
O
2
. The additive method was used to estimate the thermodynamic characteristics of C
24
H
12
O
2
. Obtained data allow to perform the thermodynamic modeling and calculation of the phase diagram of the C
24
H
12
O
2
–C
16
H
10
system. Components form simple eutectic with coordinates of eutectic point: 94.70 mol% (91.58 mass%) of pyrene and 146.3 °C.
As the population increases, the problem of meat production will grow. An alternative method of solving this problem is growing broiler chickens; however, with this technology, the question of ...protein content and available amino acids in poultry feed remains open. Vermiculture biomass can be an inexhaustible source of protein for broiler chickens feeding. Under the vivarium of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, worms were grown on a substrate containing poultry droppings with litter fermented by an accelerated method with the participation of a destructor. Therefore, the work aims to establish the effect of such vermiculture biomass on productivity and protein metabolism in the body of broiler chickens. For this purpose, the broiler chickens of the research groups were fed with compound feed with a content of 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 % of vermiculture biomass. Poultry compound feed from the control group did not contain worm biomass. At the end of the experiment, the bird's body weight was recorded, the absolute and average daily gains were determined, and the indicators of protein accounting in the liver of broiler chickens were determined. It has been established that the body weight of broiler chickens varies depending on the content of vermiculture biomass in compound feed. Using a low dose of worms in the feed did not make it possible to obtain a statistically significant increase in the body weight of broiler chickens. By adding 3.0 and 4.5 % vermiculture biomass to the compound feed, the body weight of broilers increases by 3.5 and 3.7 % compared to the index of birds that were not fed worms. It was found that the absolute and average daily growth of broiler chickens that consumed compound feed containing 3.0 and 4.5 % vermiculture biomass increased by a statistically significant amount. It has been proven that using vermiculture biomass affects the protein metabolism indicators in broiler chickens' livers. In the liver of broiler chickens, which were fed with compound feed with a content of 3.0 and 4.5 % of vermiculture biomass, a tendency to an increase in the total protein content and a statistically significant increase in the activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase was established. In the liver of broilers, which were fed with compound feed with a content of 3.0 and 4.5 % of worm biomass, a tendency to increase the content of total and protein total groups was revealed.
Cereal straw, including wheat one, is widely used in animal husbandry. Wheat straw is used as bedding and a component of rations. Violation of storage conditions and excessive volumes of harvesting ...causes a large mass of straw to deteriorate every year, which has a negative impact on the environment. Uncontrolled rotting of straw increases the amount of gas emissions into the air. An effective way of disposing of spoiled wheat straw is its fermentation using biological preparations to obtain biocompost. The problem of the effectiveness of composting spoiled wheat straw using the domestic biodestructor BTU-CENTER remains unexplored. The aim of the work was to determine the effect of different doses of the BTU-CENTER biodestructor on the physical and chemical parameters of fermented wheat straw. For the experiment, 4 groups of piles were formed. In the piles from the control group, straw composting was carried out without the use of a biodestructor. A biodestructor was added to the straw from the 1st experimental group at the rate of 7.0 cm3/t of biomass with a moisture content of 65.5 %. Spoiled straw in the II and III experimental groups was treated with a biodestuctor solution, providing its doses in the range of 14.0 and 28.0 cm3/t. Aeration of the piles was carried out by stirring the straw periodically every 8 days. During composting, the temperature of the straw biomass in the middle of the piles was determined. The content of crude protein, Phosphorus, Calcium and Nitrogen was determined in the fermented straw. It has been established that the heating of straw in the piles started from the second day of composting. An increase in the temperature of the biomass in the experimental piles was observed up to the 12th day, and in the control group up to the 14th day of composting. It was found that the higher the dose of the biodestructor used during straw processing, the higher the temperature in the middle of the piles. In the III experimental group, on the 12th day of composting, the highest straw temperature was established in the middle of the piles. The difference with control, I and II experimental groups was 21.4; 15.9 and 4.1 % respectively. The longest fermentation of wheat straw under the thermophilic regime was established in the group where the highest dose of biodestructor was used – 18 days. It has been proved that the use of high doses of the biodestructor increases the content of crude protein, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Calcium in the fermented wheat straw biomass relatively to the control one.
Effect of some current enzymes on milk coagulation indicators Bilyi, V. Y.; Merzlov, S. V.
Naukovij vìsnik Lʹvìvsʹkogo nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu veterinarnoï medicini ta bìotehnologìj ìmenì S.Z. Gžicʹkogo. Serìâ: Sìlʹsʹkogospodarsʹkì nauki,
05/2022, Volume:
24, Issue:
96
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Soft cheese technology involves using a significant number of enzymes involved in the circulation of milk. The market is filled with drugs of microbial origin; although they are cheaper than their ...counterparts made from ruminants, the demand for cheeses made with pure enzymes is relatively high. Brine cheeses are famous in Ukraine, and their production occupies an important place in cheesemaking and belongs to the dynamically developing food industries. Cheese is a source of complete protein, calcium, magnesium, and vitamins. Cheeses contain all the essential nutrients of milk except carbohydrates. The task of our work was to establish the effectiveness of the action on the circulation of milk and rennet enzymes obtained from rennet calves of different ages (from 2 to 20 weeks). The research was conducted in the conditions of the Research Institute of Food Technologies and Technologies of Processing of Livestock Products of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University. It was found that enzymes derived from the abomasum of calves slaughtered at an earlier age coagulate milk faster, and enzymes obtained at an older age convert milk more slowly, but the quality of milk clots in organoleptic characteristics is almost the same. The effect of enzymes obtained from the abomasum of calves of different ages on serum acidity has not been established.
Processes of the multi-stage decomposition of maleic acid and Li, Na, and Cd maleates in an inert atmosphere are studied via thermal analysis with synchronous analysis of the composition of the ...released gases. Reaction mechanisms are proposed according to the data on the mass loss stages determined via thermal analysis, gaseous products, and the final solid decomposition products. It is shown that when heated to 700°C, Li and Na carbonates incorporated into the porous carbon matrix are the final products. Above 350°C, cadmium is reduced from oxide to metal and evaporates to form a porous carbon residue as the only product of thermolysis. All carbon products are X-ray amorphous. Maleic acid decomposes completely into gaseous products in the range of 133–239°C. The maleate ion is more stable in the structure of lithium maleate than in free maleic acid, and Na and Cd cations reduce its stability.
A technique for growing 2,3-7,8-dibenzpyrene-1,6-quinone single crystals is described. Its crystal structure, IR transmission spectra, reflection spectra in the visible spectral range, results of ...thermal analysis, and XPS spectroscopy data are reported for the first time. The crystalline structure of this compound is described within the sp. gr.
P
2
1
/
n
; its unit cell parameters are
a
= 17.4346(19) Å,
b
= 4.8717(5) Å,
c
= 18.263(2) Å, and β = 105.857(2)°. The structure can be characterized as a herringbone stacking of flat molecules, between which weak О…H‒C interactions of carbonyl oxygen atoms and hydrogen atoms of aromatic rings exist.
Microbiological indicators of cottage cheese using different rennet leavens Bila, V. V.; Merzlova, H. V.; Bilyi, V. Y. ...
Naukovij vìsnik Lʹvìvsʹkogo nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu veterinarnoï medicini ta bìotehnologìj ìmenì S.Z. Gžicʹkogo. Serìâ: Harčovì tehnologìï,
04/2024, Volume:
26, Issue:
101
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Rennet cheeses occupy an important place in the diets of the population of Ukraine. The technology of cheese production depends both on the quality of raw materials and on the quality of the enzymes ...used to curdle milk. Therefore, the study of the effect of rennet enzymes obtained by improved biotechnology on the microbial state of the finished product is of scientific and practical importance. III groups of samples (n = 3) were formed to conduct the experiment. Cow's milk for research was collected from clinically healthy cows during the calving period. In the control group of samples, rennet enzyme of microbial origin was used for curdling milk. In the 1st experimental group of samples, an enzyme preparation was used, extracted from the rennet of dairy calves according to the method of Yu. Ya. Svyridenko In the II experimental group, an enzyme preparation obtained by the method of extraction according to the method of was used. S. V. Merzlova. Laboratory research was carried out in the conditions of the Research Institute of Food Technologies and Technologies of Processing Livestock Products and the Laboratory of Microbiological Research Methods of the Department of Microbiology of the Bilotserk National Agrarian University, which is certified according to (DSTU ISO 10012:2005). To determine the qualitative and quantitative microbial composition, culture was carried out from cheeses obtained with the help of various enzyme preparations. Microbiological research was carried out using the methods defined by DSaNPiN 4.4.5-078-2001 “Microbiological standards and methods of control of food products”. To determine bacterial insemination, two nutrient media such as Lees agar and Streptococcus thermophilus agar were used. The method of serial dilutions was used for seeding the suspension. Sowing was carried out by applying 1.0 cm³ of suspension (dilutions from 1 to 10-5) in melted and cooled agar in Petri dishes, followed by thermostating for 48 hours at 37 °.
Most pasta products in the hotel and restaurant sector of Kyiv region are made of flour and water; of course, their chemical composition is relatively poor. Most such products, according to DSTU ...7043:2009 Pasta products. General technical conditions refer to group C, produced at domestic enterprises. According to the results of the assortment research, it was established that 85 % of pasta products of classes A and B from durum wheat are represented by imported products. According to various estimates, durum wheat pasta exceeds group C pasta in terms of nutritional composition by approximately 1.5 times. Pasta products from durum wheat contain 13% moisture, 10–13 % proteins, up to 2 % fat, 64–75 % carbohydrates, 0.1–0.2 % fiber, B vitamins, and PP. However, instant pasta also plays an important role, actively gaining popularity among the population. Due to their ease of preparation and richness of taste, these products are widely distributed in the hotel and restaurant sector of the Kyiv region. Instant pasta is consumed in over 80 countries and has become an internationally recognized food. It is believed that the whole world owes the invention of instant pasta to Japan. In this country, instant vermicelli was recognized as the most significant invention of the twentieth century. The main goal of this work is to reduce the fat content in pasta products – instant vermicelli (VSHP), prepared by frying in oil, which is produced on the production line of a pasta enterprise, to 17 %. At the first stage of the research, the rational range of potassium carbonate (К3СО3) introduction into the brine recipe was determined for the quality of the VSHP. After conducting a series of experiments, it was confirmed that the fat content in vermicelli briquettes was reduced. The introduction of potassium carbonate is accompanied by a decrease in the fat content of VSHP from 1.2 %. Therefore, the amount of K3СО3 influences the fat content in vermicelli briquettes. According to the results of the conducted research, the feasibility of implementing the technology of changing the brine recipe is shown
