Sociologijska teorija Margaret Archer Žažar, Krešimir; Mihetec, Miroslav
Filozofska istraživanja,
02/2024, Volume:
43, Issue:
4
Journal Article, Web Resource
Peer reviewed
Open access
Temeljna je intencija rada secirati konceptualne niti teorijske pozicije britanske sociologinje Margaret Archer. U početnoj sekvenci rada predstavlja se širi kontekst znanstvenofilozofijskog gledišta ...kritičkog realizma te izvorišta Archerina razumijevanja epistemologije društvenosti. Kroz središnji dio rada tematiziraju se njezine krucijalne konceptualne kategorije vezane uz analitički dualizam, realističku teoriju društva odnosno morfogenetički/ morfostatički pristup. Nastavak donosi osvrt na novije tendencije u razradi Archerine pozicije, ponajprije relacionalnu sociologiju, primjere primjene morfogenetičkog/morfostatič- kog pristupa pri analizi konkretnih empirijskih fenomena te kritičke opservacije upućene njezinom epistemološko-teorijskom gledištu. Naposljetku, konstatira se kako Archerina sociologijska teorija ne reprezentira svrhu samoj sebi već predstavlja set konceptualnih alata itekako podesan za proučavanje transformacijskih procesa recentnoga hrvatskog društva.
The axial aim of the paper is to dissect the main concepts of Margaret Archer’s theoretical position. In that line, first, the broader context of critical realism as a unique standpoint of philosophy of science is depicted, as her understanding of epistemology of the social is derived from there. The main body of the manuscript conveys discussions about crucial conceptual categories of the sociology of Margaret Archer primarily linked with analytical dualism, realist social theory, and morphogenetic/morphostatic approach. Moreover, a short review of novel tendencies in further articulation of Archer’s theory, such as relational sociology, is presented. Furthermore, some examples of empirical application of her concepts are noted, as well as some critical remarks addressed to her epistemological-theoretical standpoint. Finally, in the concluding section, the prospects of using Archer’s sociological theory for empirical research on the transformation of contemporary Croatian society are emphasized.
Changing lifestyles, increasing over-development of urban space, lack of sustainable mobility, pollution and climate change, and other factors affect the urban quality of life. In this context, ...accessibility and quality of public space increasingly affect the subjective and objective aspects of quality of life and well-being of the entire urban population, especially during COVID -19 pandemic. The aim of this article is to investigate the daily practices and attitudes of students towards accessibility and quality of public space in the city during the pandemic. An online survey was conducted with a convenient sample of students from the University of Zagreb (N=164), and insight into publicly available data was provided for contextualization. The focus of the survey was at both the neighborhood and city level, which allowed for the examination of student attitudes and practices in the center of Zagreb, which experienced abrupt and significant change after the recent earthquake and pandemic. Insight into publicly available data revealed a deficit of public green spaces at both city and neighborhood levels, while survey results indicated more frequent use of public spaces, particularly the importance of public green spaces at both city and neighborhood levels in the daily lives of the student population during the pandemic.
Die Änderungen des Lebensstils, die immer stärker bebauten städtischen Räume, das Fehlen einer nachhaltigen urbanen Mobilität, die Verschmutzung und die Folgen der globalen Klimaänderung, sowie ...zahlreiche andere Faktoren beeinflussen die urbane Lebensqualität. Im genannten Kontext beeinflussen die Verfügbarkeit und die Qualität des öffentlichen Raums immer mehr die objektiven und subjektiven Aspekte der Lebensqualität und das Wohl aller Altersgruppen in den Städten, dies kam besonders während der COVID-19-Pandemie zum Ausdruck. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist, die täglichen Routinen der Studenten der Zagreber Universität während der COVID-19-Pandemie, sowie deren Stellungnahmen zur Verfügbarkeit und Qualität der öffentlichen urbanen Räume zu erforschen. Zu diesem Zweck wurde eine Umfrage am adäquaten Muster der Studenten der Zagreber Universität durchgeführt (N=164). Um die Forschungsergebnisse in einen Kontext zu setzen, wurde die Einsicht in die öffentlich zugänglichen Daten über die Stadt Zagreb genommen. Der Fokus der Forschung lag auf zwei räumlichen Ebenen, damit die Stellungnahmen und Routinen im Massstab der Stadtviertel erforscht werden können, in denen Studenten leben, sowie in der Stadtmitte von Zagreb, die in der Forschungsperiode eine jähe und schwerwiegende Transformation als Folge des Erdbebens und der COVID-19-Pandemie erlebte. Die öffentlich zugänglichen Daten über die Stadt Zagreb weisen auf eine zu kleine Anzahl von Grünflächen auf, sowohl auf der Ebene der Stadt, als auch auf der Ebene der Stadtviertel. Die Umfrageergebnisse weisen jedoch auf einen gestiegenen Bedarf der Studenten danach. Aus der Forschung ergibt sich die Veränderung von täglichen Routinen und die Tatsache, dass Studenten sich immer öfter in öffentlichen Räumen aufhalten und dass sie die Wichtigkeit von öffentlichen Grünflächen in ihrem alltäglichen Leben betonen, besonders in den Zeiten der Pandemie, dies zeigt sich auf beiden Ebenen der erforschten Räume.
Promjene životnih stilova, sve veća izgrađenost urbanog prostora, nedostatak održive urbane mobilnosti, zagađenje i posljedice globalnih klimatskih promjena te brojni drugi faktori utječu na urbanu ...kvalitetu života. U navedenom kontekstu dostupnost i kvaliteta javnog prostora sve više utječe na objektivne i subjektivne aspekte kvalitete života i dobrobit svih dobnih skupina stanovnika gradova, što je posebno došlo do izražaja tijekom pandemije bolesti COVID-19. Cilj rada je istražiti svakodnevne prakse studenata Sveučilišta u Zagrebu tijekom pandemije COVID-19 i njihove stavove o dostupnosti i kvaliteti urbanih javnih prostora. U tu svrhu provedeno je anketno istraživanje na prigodnom uzorku studenata Sveučilišta u Zagrebu (N=164). S ciljem kontekstualizacije rezultata napravljen je uvid u javno dostupne podatke o gradu Zagrebu. Fokus istraživanja bio je na dvije prostorne razine kako bi se istražili stavovi i prakse u mjerilu gradskih četvrti u kojima studenti žive te na prostoru središta grada Zagreba koji je u istraživanom periodu doživio naglu i značajnu transformaciju uslijed posljedica potresa i pandemije COVID-19. Javno dostupni podaci o gradu Zagrebu ukazuju na premali broj javnih zelenih površina na razini grada i na razini gradske četvrti, dok rezultati anketnog istraživanja pokazuju povećanu potrebu studenata za njima. Istraživanjem je uočena promjena svakodnevnih praksi i češći boravak studenata na javnim prostorima te stavovi koji naglašavaju važnost javnih zelenih površina u svakodnevnom životu studenata Sveučilišta u Zagrebu tijekom pandemije, na obje istraživane prostorne razine.
This paper analyses the impact of airline business models on airport infrastructure and operational capacity and answers the question how to optimize capacity in order to achieve maximum efficiency ...and profitability as well as how to maintain an adequate level of service quality. As part of the research, a new model was created as an integral part of the Airport Management Strategy Software (AMSS) application. The purpose of the application is to enable the airport management to review and optimize operations in terms of maximum technical and technological capacity utilization. In addition, the application can be used to fill the available slots according to the specifics of the airline’s business model without compromising the security, flexibility, and profitability of airport operations. The validation of the application was conducted at Zagreb Airport, which generated traffic of 3.4 million passengers in 2019. The result of the research is a model which, based on the calculation of the existing capacity of the airport infrastructure and ground handling equipment, enables the simulation of new airline business models and aircraft type implementation. Furthermore, the model also analyses their impact on the utilization of the airport infrastructure and equipment. The research demonstrated the interdependence between airport capacity optimization and optimal slot allocation, and the specifics of airline business models and aircraft types in their fleets. By adopting this model, airport managers can prevent mistakes that arise during negotiations with airlines, which can result in the under capacity of the infrastructure, equipment, and human resources as well as cause lower levels of security, numerous delays, reduced quality of service and, ultimately, negative financial effects.
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