Twenty one F1 crosses resulting from half diallel mating of seven diverse local landraces of brinjal were studied to know the magnitude of heterosis. The results revealed that, among the 21 crosses, ...BBSR-08-2 × Selection from BBSR-145- 1, BBSR-08-2 × BBSR-10-25 and BBSR-08-2 × BBSR-10-26 exhibited significantly positive heterosis for vegetative growth, fruit yield and fruit yield attributing traits over mid parent, better parent and standard check. The combining ability analysis revealed that, the parents viz. BBSR-08-2, BBSR-10-26 and BBSR-195-3 were good general combiners for plant height, primary branches plant-1, fruit length, fruit girth, average fruit weight, number of fruits plants-1, incidence of bacterial wilt (%) at 90 DAT and fruit yield plant-1. The estimate of sca effect indicated that F1 crosses viz. BBSR-08-2 × BBSR-10-25, BBSR-08-2 × BBSR-10-26, BBSR-08-2 × Selection from BBSR-145-1 and BBSR-10-26 × BBSR-195- 3 were most promising for vegetative traits, fruit yield attributes, reaction to incidence of bacterial wilt at 90 DAT and fruit yield plant-1. Analysis of gene action revealed prevalence of both additive and non additive gene action for yield and its contributing traits. Thus, it may be concluded that, crosses involving parents viz. BBSR-08-2, BBSR-10-26 and BBSR-195-3 exhibited higher heterosis for fruit yield and tolerance to bacterial wilt.
Cropping system diversification under integrated nutrient management is an important tool for enhancing crop productivity, maintaining soil nutrient and energy balance while restoring environmental ...quality and sustainability. A field experiment was conducted for seven consecutive cycles with three rice-based cropping systems (C1: rice-mustard-jute; C2: rice-wheat-maize+greengram; C3: rice-lentil-sesame) under multiple irrigated conditions and four nutrient management practices (NPK fertilizers and biogas slurry (BGS) in various combinations). Comprehensive assessment of system productivity as well as sustainability, nutrient balance, energy and carbon footprint (CF) of different cropping systems under the influence of inorganic-organic fertilization were analysed to know the possible environmental impact. Irrespective of the cropping systems, the highest system rice equivalent yield (REY) (7.78 t ha−1) was recorded with 100% NPK fertilizers, whereas, substitution of chemical fertilizers with BGS for supplying a part of N, P and K requirement of different crops in the cropping system resulted in higher sustainable yield index (SYI). Positive apparent soil N and P balance were observed irrespective of cropping systems and nutrient management practices, however, the soils under all the treatments suffered an apparent loss of K. The rice-wheat-maize+green gram (C2) system dominated in terms of productivity and soil fertility, over the others, whereas substitution of NPK fertilizers by BGS resulted in a significant increase of available N, P, K, S, B and cationic micronutrient (Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) content in the soil over 100% NPK fertilizers. However, sole application of BGS resulted in higher build-up of soil organic carbon. The energy ratio was higher in the rice-mustard-jute cropping system with 100% NPK fertilizers application (6.57 and 6.13 kg MJ−1 respectively) due to higher energy output to input balance, however, the specific energy was higher in the rice-lentil-sesame system with sole BGS application (6.13 and 6.25 kg MJ−1 respectively). In contrast to the C output and carbon footprint (CF), the carbon sustainability index (CSI) was reported highest in the rice-mustard-jute system (12.28) while the lowest was recorded in the rice-wheat-maize+green gram system (9.14). Therefore, legume inclusive cropping along with organic nutrient sources could be considered as an effective option to maintain crop productivity, soil nutrients and energy balance while reducing carbon footprints in the areas where intensive cultivation is predominated.
•Integrating slurry with fertilizers and legume inclusion was found more sustainable.•Inclusion of legume and slurry maintained positive soil apparent N and P balance.•Rice-mustard-jute with fertilizers showed higher energy ratio and specific energy.•Rice-lentil-sesame with sole slurry showed higher energy ratio and specific energy.•Low footprint and high C sustainability in rice-mustard-jute reduces global warming.
Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Limited has awarded the packages of constructing underground unlined rock caverns for storage of 1.33 and 1.25 MMT of high sulphur crude oil at Visakhapatnam ...(Andhra Pradesh) and Padur (Karnataka) respectively to Hindustan Construction Company Limited, where-in Geoconsult is engaged for detailed design and site services. The unlined rock caverns for oil and gas storage call for site characterization in terms of geology, hydro-geology, geochemistry, geomechanics and geotechnics, which in turn facilitates assimilation, assessment and amalgamation of all relevant data to establish an overall geological and/or geotechnical framework for the projects. In general, the construction of an underground unlined rock cavern compriseds five principal activities: (i) geological and/or geotechnical site investigations; (ii) stability assessment; (iii) temporary rock supports design; (iv) excavation and related works; and (v) permanent rock supports re-design according to the observational approach. This paper outlines (a) the construction stage geological and/or geotechnical investigations to acquire geological/geotechnical data for rock mass quality appraisal as per Q-system and permanent rock support recommendations, (b) design criterion to utilize the rock itself as the principal structural material, to create as little disturbance as possible during the construction stage, and to add only the required supports, and (c) geotechnical instrumentation and monitoring to measure displacements at the surface and within the rock mass in order to fine-tune the excavation methods and rock supports, undertaken during construction stage of the project.Original Abstract: Die Sondergesellschaft Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Limited beauftragte Hindustan Construction Company Limited mit dem Bau zweier nicht ausgekleideter Felskavernen zur Lagerung von 1,33 bzw. 1,25 Mill. t sauren Rohols in Visakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh) und Padur (Karnataka). Geoconsult ist mit der Ausfuehrungsplanung und baubegleitenden Dienstleistungen betraut. Fuer die Herstellung der Kavernen zur Rohol- und Gasspeicherung wurden die geologischen, hydrogeologischen, geochemischen, geomechanischen und geotechnischen Eigenschaften erhoben, was eine Erfassung, Zusammenfuehrung und Verschmelzung aller relevanten Daten fuer den geotechnischen Rahmenplan ermoglichte. Generell umfasst die Ausfuehrung fuenf Hauptaktivitaeten: (i) geologische und geotechnische Erkundungen; (ii) Stabilitaetsberechnungen; (iii) Planung der temporaeren Stuetzmasnahmen; (iv) Ausbruch und begleitende Arbeiten und (v) laufende Anpassung der permanenten Stuetzmasnahmen an die Ergebnisse des geotechnischen Messprogramms. Dieser Artikel stellt (a) die geologischen Erkundungen waehrend der Bauphase zum Zwecke der Erlangung geologischer und geotechnischer Daten zur Bestimmung der Felsqualitaet, des Q-Wertes und der permanenten Stuetzmasnahmen, (b) die Planungsparameter fuer die Verwendung des Fels als primaeren Baumaterials unter moglichst geringer Auflockerung waehrend des Ausbruchs und Einbau der benotigten Stuetzmittel, sowie (c) die geotechnische Instrumentierung und Monitoring zur Messung von Verschiebungen an der Oberflaeche und im Gebirge zur Feinabstimmung der Ausbruchsmethode und der Stuetzmasnahmen in der Bauphase, dar.
Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Limited has awarded the packages of constructing underground unlined rock caverns for storage of 1.33 and 1.25 MMT of high sulphur crude oil at Visakhapatnam ...(Andhra Pradesh) and Padur (Karnataka) respectively to Hindustan Construction Company Limited, where‐in Geoconsult is engaged for detailed design and site services.
The unlined rock caverns for oil and gas storage call for site characterization in terms of geology, hydro‐geology, geochemistry, geomechanics and geotechnics, which in turn facilitates assimilation, assessment and amalgamation of all relevant data to establish an overall geological and/or geotechnical framework for the projects. In general, the construction of an underground unlined rock cavern compriseds five principal activities: (i) geological and/or geotechnical site investigations; (ii) stability assessment; (iii) temporary rock supports design; (iv) excavation and related works; and (v) permanent rock supports re‐design according to the observational approach.
This paper outlines (a) the construction stage geological and/or geotechnical investigations to acquire geological/geotechnical data for rock mass quality appraisal as per Q‐system and permanent rock support recommendations, (b) design criterion to utilize the rock itself as the principal structural material, to create as little disturbance as possible during the construction stage, and to add only the required supports, and (c) geotechnical instrumentation and monitoring to measure displacements at the surface and within the rock mass in order to fine‐tune the excavation methods and rock supports, undertaken during construction stage of the project.
Die Sondergesellschaft Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Limited beauftragte Hindustan Construction Company Limited mit dem Bau zweier nicht ausgekleideter Felskavernen zur Lagerung von 1,33 bzw. 1,25 Mill. t sauren Rohöls in Visakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh) und Padur (Karnataka). Geoconsult ist mit der Ausführungsplanung und baubegleitenden Dienstleistungen betraut.
Für die Herstellung der Kavernen zur Rohöl‐ und Gasspeicherung wurden die geologischen, hydrogeologischen, geochemischen, geomechanischen und geotechnischen Eigenschaften erhoben, was eine Erfassung, Zusammenführung und Verschmelzung aller relevanten Daten für den geotechnischen Rahmenplan ermöglichte. Generell umfasst die Ausführung fünf Hauptaktivitäten: (i) geologische und geotechnische Erkundungen; (ii) Stabilitätsberechnungen; (iii) Planung der temporären Stützmaßnahmen; (iv) Ausbruch und begleitende Arbeiten und (v) laufende Anpassung der permanenten Stützmaßnahmen an die Ergebnisse des geotechnischen Messprogramms.
Dieser Artikel stellt (a) die geologischen Erkundungen während der Bauphase zum Zwecke der Erlangung geologischer und geotechnischer Daten zur Bestimmung der Felsqualität, des Q‐Wertes und der permanenten Stützmaßnahmen, (b) die Planungsparameter für die Verwendung des Fels als primären Baumaterials unter möglichst geringer Auflockerung während des Ausbruchs und Einbau der benötigten Stützmittel, sowie (c) die geotechnische Instrumentierung und Monitoring zur Messung von Verschiebungen an der Oberfläche und im Gebirge zur Feinabstimmung der Ausbruchsmethode und der Stützmaßnahmen in der Bauphase, dar.
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