Interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD) in Ar
2, ArKr and Kr
2 following Ar 2p or Kr 3d Auger decay has been investigated by means of momentum-resolved electron–ion–ion coincidence spectroscopy. This ...sequential decay leads to Coulombic dissociation into dication and monocation. Simultaneously determining the kinetic energy of the ICD electron and the kinetic energy release between the two atomic ions, we have been able to unambiguously identify the ICD channels. We find that, in general, spin-conserved ICD, in which the singlet (triplet) dicationic state produced via the atomic Auger decay preferentially decays to the singlet (triplet) state, transferring the energy to the other atom, is faster than spin-flip ICD, in which the Auger final singlet (triplet) dicationic state decays to the triplet (singlet) state. However, spin-flip ICD may take place when spin-conserved ICD becomes energetically forbidden. Dipole-forbidden ICDs from
K
r
2
+
(
4
s
−
2
S
1
)
–
B
(B
=
Ar or Kr) to
K
r
2
+
(
4
p
−
2
D
1
,
P
3
)
–
B
+
are also observed.
Electron-ion-coincidence spectra were recorded for K-shell excited krypton, argon, and neon clusters covering the size range from 1 atom to about 3000 atoms by utilizing hard x-ray undulator ...beamlines. Multiply charged ions Rz+(z>or=2) and singly charged ions Rn+(n>or=1) are observed as cluster fragments, and their relative abundance exhibits a characteristic dependence on the average cluster size N. It is expected from these results that the charges generated on the cluster surface are strongly localized while those in the cluster core are more delocalized. The estimated charge separation distance increases with N, and it is longer for lighter elements.
Two types of dampers were developed: 2DOF (degree of freedom )-type and Rotary-type, to protect the patient lying on the bed in ambulance from shock due to sudden break. Both consists of a number of ...plates with slits and Magnetic Rheological Fluid (MRF) filled in the damper, so that magnetic field generated by permanent magnets and controllable electric field will freeze MRF and shear force can be gained. The damping mechanism is based on the fail-safe characteristic of the MRF damper that in zero-field (current off-state), the damper will be in passive mode operation and similar to the passive shock absorber. This paper presents a preliminary work of development of semi-active damper and investigation on the efficiency of using MRF as damper material in both types. Experimental tests were carried out and it is shown that both dampers suppressed the shock significantly while Rotary-type has a better performance than 2DOF-type.
Multiple ion coincidence momentum imaging measurements have been performed for an Ar–Kr mixed rare-gas cluster with an average cluster size 〈
N〉
=
100 in the 1s threshold region of Kr. The signals ...resulting due to the photoabsorption by Kr have been extracted on the basis of the difference in the spectra between 14.08 and 14.50
keV, i.e., on both sides of the 1s threshold for Kr. The time-of-flight spectra for the clusters reveal that multiply charged cluster ions produced as a result of inner-core excitation emit many singly charged ions such as Kr
+, Ar
+, ArKr
+, and Ar
2
+. The abundance of daughter ions suggests the transfer of positive charges from the X-ray absorbing atom to the surrounding atoms before the Coulomb explosion is suggested from. The momentum of daughter ions is deduced from the time-of-flight and position data, and the momentum distribution shows the characteristic size dependence of the ions on the number of coincidence signals
N
coin, i.e., the average momentum of the Ar
+ ions increases with
N
coin, while that of the Kr
+ ions decreases. The
N
coin dependence of momentum is interpreted according to the site-dependent decay processes.
Synopsis We present a comprehensive analysis of autoionization processes in Ne clusters (~5000 atoms) after multiple valence excitations by free electron laser radiation. The evolution from 2-body ...interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD) to 3-body ICD is demonstrated when changing from surface to bulk Frenkel exciton excitation. Super Coster-Kronig type 2-body ICD is observed at Wannier exciton which quenches the main ICD channel.
We have investigated charge separation Ne+-Ne+ and Ne2+-Ne+ from Ne2 after direct double photoionization and compared them with those after 1s photoionization followed by KLL Auger decay and also ...with those after 2p photoionization of Ar2 followed by LMM Auger decay. The Ne+-Ne+ separation takes place via radiative charge transfer from one-site two-hole states Ne2+(2p4)-Ne, whereas the Ne2+-Ne+ separation takes place via interatomic Coulombic decay from one-site two-hole states Ne2+(2s12p5)-Ne.
The energy efficiency is of importance in air conditioning systems for automobiles. The present article provides a new type air conditioning system for automobiles in which energy loss is small in ...comparison with the previous system. In the system, a desiccant is installed in the air conditioning system for controlling both temperature and humidity. The control is performed by an electromagnetic control valve, which controls an inclination of the rotating plate of a compressor. It is difficult to control both temperature and humidity precisely, because there are some delays in the control due to the time of heat exchange and that of coolant flow from the actuator (electromagnetic valve) to the evaporator. In order to have precise control, this article also presents a method of control with consideration of control delays. The energy of our system is compared with that in the previous conventional system in the same condition. It is shown that our controlled results and energy efficiency are better than those in the previous system.
We have investigated multiphoton multiple ionization of Ar and Xe atoms irradiated by intense X-ray pulses using the new X-ray free electron laser facility SACLA. The experimental results are ...compared with theoretical results.
Solar variability and width of tree ring Muraki, Y.; Masuda, K.; Nagaya, K. ...
Astrophysics and space sciences transactions,
2011, Volume:
7, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The relationship between solar activity and the global climate is not only an academically interesting problem but also an important subject for human beings. We have found an interesting relation ...that may be connected with above profound problem. We have analyzed the tree rings that had survived for 391 years in Japan. The tree archive is very important since it includes the period of the Maunder minimum. Quite surprisingly, Fourier analyses of the annual growth rate identified two cycles with periodicities of 12 and 25 years during the Maunder minimum, but no such cycles were found for other time periods. Possible interpretations of this result are presented.
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