This paper is about few-shot segmentation of foreground objects in images. We train a CNN on small subsets of training images, each mimicking the few-shot setting. In each subset, one image serves as ...the query and the other(s) as support image(s) with ground-truth segmentation. The CNN first extracts feature maps from the query and support images. Then, a class feature vector is computed as an average of the support's feature maps over the known foreground. Finally, the target object is segmented in the query image by using a cosine similarity between the class feature vector and the query's feature map. We make two contributions by: (1) Improving discriminativeness of features so their activations are high on the foreground and low elsewhere; and (2) Boosting inference with an ensemble of experts guided with the gradient of loss incurred when segmenting the support images in testing. Our evaluations on the PASCAL-5 i and COCO-20 i datasets demonstrate that we significantly outperform existing approaches.
A
bstract
We show how methods of number theory can be used to study anomalies in gauge quantum field theories in spacetime dimension two. To wit, the anomaly cancellation conditions for the abelian ...part of the local anomaly admit solutions if and only if they admit solutions in the reals and in the
p
-adics for every prime
p
and we use this to build an algorithm to find all solutions.
Reconstruction after resection of malignant tongue tumors remains one of the most difficult problems in head and neck oncology. Recent trends in tongue reconstruction have focused on optimizing ...speech and swallowing functions and maximizing quality of life. In the recent literature, several reconstructive strategies including regional flaps and free flaps have been described.
A case series of 328 patients underwent oral tongue reconstruction between March 2011 and March 2022. Functional evaluation was performed in all patients 3 months after reconstruction (where the patients required no adjuvant radiotherapy) or after radiotherapy.
Total flap necrosis was seen in 5 patients with free flap reconstruction (2 radial forearm flaps, 1 lateral arm flap, and 2 anterolateral thigh flaps), 5 patients with infrahyoid myocutaneous flap, and 1 patient reconstructed with a supraclavicular flap. Our success rate is 96.6%; partial flap necrosis was observed in 11 patients with infrahyoid myocutaneous flap and 2 patients with a supraclavicular flap. Most patients with subtotal glossectomy or smaller defects (type II-IVA defects) could communicate on the phone and had the near-normal capacity for an oral diet. The remaining patients (type IVB-V defects) had significantly lower speech scores. The majority of patients could eat liquid and semiliquid foods.
Tongue cancer surgery and subsequent reconstruction posed exciting challenges for the surgeon to optimize tongue function and quality of life for patients. Attention to the principles of tongue reconstruction and choosing appropriate flap for each defect achieve better functional results.
In light of the chemical exploitation of CO2, new reusable materials for efficiently catalyzing the cycloaddition of CO2 and epoxides under moderate conditions are needed. Herein, a new series of ...isostructural metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) M2(EDOB) EDOB4– = 4,4′-(ethyne-1,2-diyl)bis(2-oxidobenzoate), M = Mg, Ni, Co, Zn, Cu, Fe, known as M-MOF-184, analogous to a well-studied MOF-74 structure, were synthesized and fully characterized. The M-MOF-184 (M = Mg, Co, Ni, Zn) frameworks exhibit accessible mesopore channels (24 Å) and high porosity. Among them, Mg-MOF-184 demonstrated the most upper surface area (>4000 m2 g–1) in any reported MOF-74-type frameworks. Furthermore, Co-MOF-184 revealed the highest CO2 uptake (73 cm3 g–1, at 298 K), and Zn-MOF-184 showed the highest catalytic activity upon the cycloaddition of CO2 (96% conversion, 86% selectivity, and 82% yield) under mild conditions (1 atm CO2, 80 °C, 6 h, and solvent-free). Notably, the catalytic performance of Zn-MOF-184 outperformed that of the original M-MOF-74 (M = Mg, Co, Zn) materials and various Zn-based MOFs. To evaluate the acidity and basicity of a series of M-MOF-184 (M = Mg, Co, Ni, Zn) frameworks, the interaction of these MOFs with acetonitrile vapor was investigated by vapor adsorption and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy measurements. As such, Zn-MOF-184 showed the strongest Lewis acidity derived by Zn cations, which was correlated to the highest catalytic activity upon the cycloaddition of CO2. Interestingly, the 2-oxidobenzoate anions from Co-MOF-184 showed the strongest basicity among the series, which was associated with the highest saturated acetonitrile uptake (544 cm3 g–1 at 298 K). Our findings suggest that the integration of Lewis acidic and basic sites, high surface area, and large accessible pores into the framework can facilitate the CO2 fixation reaction.
Glucuronic acid-a human detoxifying drug can be found in traditional kombucha which is a sweetened-black tea fermented by symbiotic microflora between yeast and acetic acid bacteria embedded within a ...microbial cellulose membrane. The main purpose of the study is to obtain the new designed symbiosis from the isolated yeasts and bacterial strains which can produce the high-level glucuronic acid kombucha and avoid unexpected microbial contaminants. The isolation, selection and identification showed the best initial combination ratio between Dekkera bruxellensis KN89 and Gluconacetobacter intermedius KN89 is 4Y (yeast):6A (acetic acid -bacteria) in number of living cell per milliliter which produced 175.8 mg L−1 glucuronic acid in 7-day fermentation (P < 0.05). This study also provides a basic understanding about fermentation kinetics of this symbiosis in order to control and enhance the final product at the critical time point (after 54 hrs of process). The findings of this study are practically relevant in producing a safe and glucuronic acid enriched kombucha.
•Glucuronic acid has a detoxifying property against drug, bilirubin and chemicals.•Traditional kombucha is a rich source of glucuronic acid.•D. bruxellensis KN89 and G. intermedius KN89 were isolated from kombucha.•New designed microbial symbiosis improved significantly glucuronic acid production.•Using fermentation kinetics to increase final products.
Searching the Web of Things Tran, Nguyen Khoi; Sheng, Quan Z.; Babar, Muhammad Ali ...
ACM computing surveys,
07/2018, Volume:
50, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Technological advances allow more physical objects to connect to the Internet and provide their services on the Web as resources. Search engines are the key to fully utilize this emerging Web of ...Things, as they bridge users and applications with resources needed for their operation. Developing these systems is a challenging and diverse endeavor due to the diversity of Web of Things resources that they work with. Each combination of resources in query resolution process requires a different type of search engine with its own technical challenges and usage scenarios. This diversity complicates both the development of new systems and assessment of the state of the art. In this article, we present a systematic survey on Web of Things Search Engines (WoTSE), focusing on the diversity in forms of these systems. We collect and analyze over 200 related academic works to build a flexible conceptual model for WoTSE. We develop an analytical framework on this model to review the development of the field and its current status, reflected by 30 representative works in the area. We conclude our survey with a discussion on open issues to bridge the gap between the existing progress and an ideal WoTSE.
Purpose
This study aims to contribute by forming the concept of luxury hotel brand (four- and five-star hotel) coolness and revealing its promoting role to customer brand engagement with brand ...satisfaction and brand love as connecting components and materialism as a contingent factor.
Design/methodology/approach
A conditional model linking luxury hotel brand coolness and customer brand engagement is proposed and tested using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique on a data set of 284 customers.
Findings
Luxury hotel brand coolness reflecting various brand qualities fosters satisfaction and love, which facilitate CBE. Materialism positively moderates the impact of luxury hotel brand coolness on brand satisfaction and love.
Research limitations/implications
Future studies should further generalize the findings by extending the current research on different hospitality services and luxury consumption. Also, more personality traits and personal values should be investigated as moderators.
Practical implications
Luxury hotel brand management should place brand coolness at the center of luxury hotel brand strategies.
Originality/value
This study fills in the gap of unraveling the central role of luxury hotel brand coolness in fostering customer brand engagement with brand satisfaction and love as catalysts and materialism as a contingent condition.
This paper addresses incremental few-shot instance seg-mentation, where a few examples of new object classes ar-rive when access to training examples of old classes is not available anymore, and the ...goal is to perform well on both old and new classes. We make two contributions by extending the common Mask-RCNN framework in its second stage - namely, we specify a new object class classifier based on the probit function and a new uncertainty-guided bounding-box predictor. The former leverages Bayesian learning to address a paucity of training examples of new classes. The latter learns not only to predict object bounding boxes but also to estimate the uncertainty of the prediction as a guid-ance for bounding box refinement. We also specify two new loss functions in terms of the estimated object-class distribution and bounding-box uncertainty. Our contributions produce significant performance gains on the COCO dataset over the state of the art - specifically, the gain of +6 on the new classes and +16 on the old classes in the AP instance segmentation metric. Furthermore, we are the first to evaluate the incremental few-shot setting on the more challenging LVIS dataset.
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