In this paper, the natural wetlands distribution area (NWDA) of Fuzhou city was selected as a case study for quantifying the impact of land use/land cover (LULC) changes on patterns of the urban heat ...island (UHI) and characterizing wetland thermal properties in response to rapid urbanization from 1989 to 2009. The results show that dramatic changes in LULC have occurred that have drastically altered the land surface characteristics and spatiotemporal patterns of the UHI. Additionally, wetland degradation due to strong pressure from urban encroachment and its effect on the thermal properties of wetland landscapes was observed. Fragmented wetland patches of small sizes always exhibit high land surface temperatures (LST), but aggregated patches of larger sizes exhibit lower and more stable LST. The area of wetland patches characterized by a relatively low LST (< 20 °C) decreased markedly over the time period studied. Furthermore, there is a significant linear relationship between patch size and the area of wetland with low LST. According to temporal analysis on inter-annual variations of UHI intensity (UHII), the built-up land exhibited the highest temperature. Spatially, there were significant LST gradients from the city center to the surrounding peri-urban and rural areas.
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) on assessing response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT) in patients with ...Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (LARC).
Methods
50 patients with rectal cancer who underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging before and after nCRT, the values of pre-nCRT and post-nCRT IVIM-DWI parameters apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), diffusion coefficient (
D
), false diffusion coefficient (
D
*), and perfusion fraction (
f
), together with the percentage changes (∆% parametric value) induced by nCRT were calculated. According to the patient's response to nCRT, the patients were divided into pathological complete response (pCR) and non-pCR groups, Good Response (GR) group and Poor Response (PR) group, and the above values were compared between different groups. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis were done to investigate the relation between different parameters and patient nCRT. Draw ROC curve according to sensitivity and specificity, and compare its diagnostic efficacy.
Results
There were no significant differences in the baseline data of 50 patients. After nCRT, the ADC and D values for LARC increased significantly (all
p
< 0.05). The pCR group (
n
= 9) had higher preD*, pre
f
, postD*, ∆%ADC and ∆%
D
values than the non-pCR group (
n
= 41) (all
p
< 0.05). The GR group (
n
= 17) exhibited higher post D, ∆%ADC and ∆%
D
values than the PR group (
n
= 33) (all
p
< 0.05). From the results of Logistic regression analysis found that ∆%ADC and ∆%
D
were significantly correlated with patients' response to nCRT. Based on ROC analysis, ∆%
D
had a higher area under the curve value than ∆%ADC (
p
= 0.009) in discriminating the pCR from non-pCR groups.
Conclusions
IVIM-DWI technology may be helpful in identifying the pCR and GR patients to nCRT for LARC.
The performance of a Ce(III)-4,4',4″-((1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl) tris (azanediyl)) tribenzoic acid-organic framework (Ce-H3TATAB-MOFs) for capturing excess fluoride in aqueous solutions and its ...subsequent defluoridation was investigated in depth. The optimal sorption capacity was obtained with a metal/organic ligand molar ratio of 1:1. The morphological characteristics, crystalline shape, functional groups, and pore structure of the material were analyzed via SEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS, and N
adsorption-desorption experiments, and the thermodynamics, kinetics, and adsorption mechanism were elucidated. The influence of pH and co-existing ions for defluoridation performance were also sought. The results show that Ce-H3TATAB-MOFs is a mesoporous material with good crystallinity, and that quasi-second kinetic and Langmuir models can describe the sorption kinetics and thermodynamics well, demonstrating that the entire sorption process is a monolayer-governed chemisorption. The Langmuir maximum sorption capacity was 129.7 mg g
at 318 K (pH = 4). The adsorption mechanism involves ligand exchange, electrostatic interaction, and surface complexation. The best removal effect was reached at pH 4, and a removal effectiveness of 76.57% was obtained under strongly alkaline conditions (pH 10), indicating that the adsorbent has a wide range of applications. Ionic interference experiments showed that the presence of PO
and H
PO
in water have an inhibitory effect on defluoridation, whereas SO
, Cl
, CO
, and NO
are conducive to the adsorption of fluoride due to the ionic effect.
Glyphosate is a widely used herbicide worldwide and its prevalent presence in aquatic ecosystems poses a threat to living organisms. This study evaluated potential ecological risk of glyphosate to ...sediment-dwelling organisms and assessed the probable effect of glyphosate on structure and predicated function of sediment-attached bacterial communities from a large shallow lake in northern China based on 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Results suggested that glyphosate showed a medium to high concentration (up to 8.63 mg/kg) and chronic risk to sediment-dwelling organisms (10% samples exhibiting medium to high risk quotient), especially in sites nearby farmland and residential areas in August. Bacterial community identification based on 16S rRNA sequence indicated some species of dominant phylum Proteobacteria and Campilobacterota (e.g., Steroidobacteraceae, Thiobacillus, Gallionellaceae, Sulfurimonadaceae) were stimulated while some species of dominant phylum Actinobacteriota, Acidobacteriota and Firmicutes (e.g., Nocardioidaceae, Microtrichales, Vicinamibacteraceae, Paenisporosarcina) were inhibited by glyphosate accumulation. The stimulating species were related to sulfur-oxidizing, sulfate-, iron-, or nitrate-reducing bacteria; The inhibiting species were related to plant bacterial endophytes, polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) and denitrifers. Correspondingly, promoted bacterial metabolic functions of “sulfite respiration”, “nitrogen respiration”, “aromatic compound degradation” and “nitrification” but suppressed “cellulolysis”, “manganese oxidation”, “anoxygenic photoautotrophy S oxidizing” and “nitrate denitrification” were predicated on functional annotation of prokaryotic taxa. Although these results could only partly suggest the impacts of glyphosate on the bacterial communities due to the lack of actual results from control experiments, the identified Steroidobacteraceae could be thought as a bioindicator in the future mechanism study for the ecological effect and bioremediation of glyphosate. This work intends to arise the concern about the depletion of biodiversity and bacterial metabolic functions with contribution of glyphosate in part in eutrophic lakes.
Display omitted
•Glyphosate (Gly) showed a medium to high level of concentration and risk quotient.•Relatively higher abundance of Steroidobacteraceae and Sulfurimonadaceae in Gly-High group.•Relatively higher abundance of Nocardioidaceae and Nitrosomonadaceae in Gly-Low group.•Significantly higher predicted “sulfite respiration” but lower “denitrification” in Gly-High group.•Current field findings partly revealed the glyphosate effect on N and S cycling in lake.
In this study, we propose a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based method to study the lubrication and temperature characteristics of an intermediate gearbox with splash lubrication. A volume of ...fluid (VOF) multiphase model was used to track the interface between oil and air. A multiple reference frame (MRF) model was adopted to accurately simulate the movement characteristics of the gears, bearings, and the surrounding flow field. The thermal-fluid coupling computational model of an intermediate gearbox with splash lubrication was then established. Combined with experimental results, we verified that the lubricating oil temperature was below the limit requirement (<110 °C). The numerical results revealed that large amounts of lubricating oil were splashed onto the tooth surfaces near the gear meshing area. A large convective heat transfer coefficient corresponds to a low gear tooth surface temperature. The tooth surface temperature of the driving gear is higher than that of the driven gear. The distribution law of oil volume fraction of the bearing roller was jointly affected by the roller rotation direction and gravity. The convective heat transfer coefficient of the roller wall was largely related to the lubrication environment of the roller, including the oil distribution inside the bearing cavity and the flow rate.
The surveying of forestry resources has recently shifted toward precision and real-time monitoring. This study utilized the BlendMask algorithm for accurately outlining tree crowns and introduced a ...Bayesian neural network to create a model linking individual tree crown size with diameter at breast height (DBH). BlendMask accurately outlines tree crown shapes and contours, outperforming traditional watershed algorithms in segmentation accuracy while preserving edge details across different scales. Subsequently, the Bayesian neural network constructs a model predicting DBH from the measured crown area, providing essential data for managing forest resources and conducting biodiversity research. Evaluation metrics like precision rate, recall rate, F1-score, and mAP index comprehensively assess the method’s performance regarding tree density. BlendMask demonstrated higher accuracy at 0.893 compared to the traditional watershed algorithm’s 0.721 accuracy based on experimental results. Importantly, BlendMask effectively handles over-segmentation problems while preserving edge details across different scales. Moreover, adjusting parameters during execution allows for flexibility in achieving diverse image segmentation effects. This study addresses image segmentation challenges and builds a model linking crown area to DBH using the BlendMask algorithm and a Bayesian neural network. The average discrepancies between calculated and measured DBH for Ginkgo biloba, Pinus tabuliformis, and Populus nigra varitalica were 0.15 cm, 0.29 cm, and 0.49cm, respectively, all within the acceptable forestry error margin of 1 cm. BlendMask, besides its effectiveness in crown segmentation, proves useful for various vegetation classification tasks like broad-leaved forests, coniferous forests, and grasslands. With abundant training data and ongoing parameter adjustments, BlendMask attains improved classification accuracy. This new approach shows great potential for real-world use, offering crucial data for managing forest resources, biodiversity research, and related fields, aiding decision-making processes.
In recent years, with the popularization of intelligent auxiliary driving technology, wireless charging technology has garnered widespread attention due to its advantages in automation. However, ...there are still many issues to be resolved before the widespread adoption of wireless charging technology, with a key issue being the interoperability of coupling structures. To achieve adaptive interoperability, this paper proposes a wireless charging system based on dual generalized double-D (DD) coils. The system introduces a receiving structure composed of two generalized DD coils, which can naturally decouple the two coils. At the same time, the system topology employs a series connection of half-bridge rectifiers to enhance the system’s equivalent mutual inductance. Mathematical models and simulation verifications are provided. The proposed approach has been validated through simulations, showing that the system can automatically achieve interoperability with unipolar coils, DD coils, and quadrupolar coils.
Background
Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that immunotherapy has effectively delayed tumor progression, and the clinical outcomes of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy were related to PD-L1 ...expression level in the tumors. A
131
I-labeled anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody tracer,
131
I-PD-L1-Mab, was developed to study the target ability of noninvasive Cerenkov luminescence imaging in colorectal cancer xenograft mice.
Method
Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody labeled with
131
I (
131
I-PD-L1-Mab), and in vitro binding assays were used to evaluate the affinity of
131
I-PD-L1-Mab to PD-L1 and their binding level to different colorectal cancer cells, and compared with flow cytometry, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence staining. The clinical application value of
131
I-PD-L1-Mab was evaluated through biodistribution and Cerenkov luminescence imaging, and different tumor-bearing models expressing PD-L1 were evaluated.
Results
131
I-PD-L1-Mab showed high affinity to PD-L1, and the equilibrium dissociation constant was 1.069 × 10
-9
M. The competitive inhibition assay further confirmed the specific binding ability of
131
I-PD-L1-Mab. In four different tumor-bearing models with different PD-L1 expression, the biodistribution and Cerenkov luminescence imaging showed that the RKO tumors demonstrated the highest uptake of the tracer
131
I-PD-L1-Mab, with a maximum uptake of 1.613 ± 0.738% IA/g at 48 h.
Conclusions
There is a great potential for
131
I-PD-L1-Mab noninvasive Cerenkov luminescence imaging to assess the status of tumor PD-L1 expression and select patients for anti-PD-L1 targeted therapy.
Wireless charging for electric vehicles (EVs) enjoys advantages such as automation, safety, and convenience. For the most popular magnetic induction wireless power transfer (WPT) technology, ...different coupled coils are utilized such as the unipolar coil, the bipolar coil, and the quadruple coil. Thus, the interoperability of different coil types should be solved. Particularly, the transmitter should be interoperable with different receiving coil types, able to charge different EVs This paper proposes an interoperable solution for the two most popular coil types: the unipolar coil and the bipolar coil. The unipolar and bipolar coils are adopted on the transmitter side. Based on the transmitter-side capacitor–inductor–capacitor–capacitor (CLCC) compensation and the alteration of the switching pattern, when the receiving coil is a unipolar coil, the transmitter-side unipolar coil can work as the power transmission coil and the bipolar coil can work as the compensating inductor; when the receiving coil is a bipolar coil, the transmitter-side bipolar coil can work as the power transmission coil and the unipolar coil can work as the compensating inductor. In this way, the transmitter can be interoperable with the unipolar or bipolar receiving coil. The mathematical mode is built. A simulation model and an experimental prototype is established to validate the effectiveness of the proposal. The experimental results show that the interoperability of the receiver-side unipolar or bipolar coil can be achieved.
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