The experiment aimed to evaluate the fermentative and nutritional profile of the silage of four soybean plant genotypes (BRS 333 RR, Pampeanas: C50, C60, and C70) ensiled with levels of sugarcane (0, ...25, 50, 75, and 100%). The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design, in factorial scheme 4 × 5 (four soybean genotypes and five levels of sugarcane inclusion) with four replicates. Silages with 100% soybean plant presented the highest levels of butyric acid (P < 0.001) and ammoniacal nitrogen (P < 0.047); however, the intermediate addition of sugarcane contributed to lactic fermentation (P < 0.001). Besides, there was a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) for the recovery of dry matter, which ranged from 83.28 to 95.29%, with higher values observed for silage with the same proportions of soybean plant and sugarcane. It was verified that the crude protein content exhibited decreasing linear effects (P < 0.001), varying among 4.60 to 7.48% in the silages. It was concluded that the highest recovery of dry matter, the best fermentation profile, and the highest levels of crude protein and digestibility occurred in the inclusion between 25 and 50% of sugarcane in soybean silage, with the superiority of the C50 soybean genotype.
This study aimed to evaluate the ensiling fermentation profile, chemical composition, and in-situ degradability of mixed ration silages combining babassu by-products as a nutritional alternative for ...livestock. A completely randomised design was used, with four treatments (silages) and five replications (silos), which were composed of: Sugarcane silage, SS (control); sugarcane silage with corn and soybean meal (standard diet, MRSS); sugarcane silage with corn, soybean meal, and babassu flour, MRSF; and sugarcane silage with corn, soybean meal, and babassu cake, MRSC. The highest values (p < 0.05) of dry matter recovery (DMR) were for the MRSS, MRSF, and MRSC treatments, which also had higher dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and non-fibrous carbohydrate contents (NFC), compared to SC treatment, which showed the highest levels of neutral detergent fibre corrected for ash and protein (NDFap), acid detergent fibre (ADF), lignin (LIG), and ethanol. The MRSS, MRSF, and MRSC treatments exhibited higher potential degradability (PD) and effective degradability (ED) of DM and CP; and higher (P < 0.05) degradability of DM and CP compared to SS treatment. The inclusion of babassu concentrate and by-products in sugarcane silages in the form of total ration acted positively in the qualitative indicators of the silages.
This experiment aimed to compare the effects of adding babassu mesocarp flour (BMF) in goat kids diets on physiological response, feeding behaviour and water intake. Twenty-eight goat kids (24.5 Â ± ...4.0 kg initial BW) have distributed in a randomized block design and confined for 22 days. The treatments were BMF levels (0, 10, 20 or 30%, in DM basis) in the diet with 30% roughage and 70% concentrate (DM basis). The BMF added into the diet did not change (P > 0.05) dry matter (DM) intake, feeding efficiency of DM, feeding behaviour, water intake, chewing, rumination efficiency of DM and neutral detergent fibre (NDF). However, NDF intake and consequently their feed efficiency increased linearly (P < 0.05) with BMF addition, while the respiratory rate (RR) did not change (P > 0.05). Within climatic conditions evaluated, BMF inclusion did not cause caloric stress, although had increased linearly body temperature and had a quadratic effect for rectal temperature. In addition, the ingestive behaviour has not been altered, indicating that up to 30% of this ingredient can be added in the diet of finishing goat kids.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the addition of increasing cottonseed cake contents in the diet. The diets were composed of corn silage (500 g kg
−1
) and concentrate feed (500 g kg
−1
) on a ...dry matter (DM) basis. The treatments consisted of the substitution of 0, 140, 280, and 420 g kg
−1
soybean meal to cottonseed cake in the DM of concentrate feed. Four rams of the Santa Inês breed, average age of 12 months and average weight of 27.77 ± 3.87 kg, were distributed in a Latin square design (4 × 4) in a split-split-plot design, with diets in the plots and as subplots were 5 days of collection and the collection times. The results were subjected to analysis of variance and regression at 5% probability. The soybean meal substitution contents by cottonseed cake in the concentrate increased linearly the pH (
P
= 0.019). Ruminal ammonia–nitrogen concentration decreased linearly by 0.0137 mg dL
−1
at each 10 g/kg of substitution and the time after feeding promoted the same effect (
P
< 0.001) decreased linearly by 0.6204 mg dL
−1
at each hour after feeding. There was an increased linearly of 0.0116 mmol mL
−1
at the concentration of propionic (
P
= 0.008) and a reduction of 0.0062 mmol mL
−1
at the concentration of butyric (
P
= 0.009) with cottonseed cake content; however, the substitution did not influence the others short-chain fatty acids. Replacement of soybean meal with cottonseed cake in the sheep feed did not significantly alter the blood parameters, promoting minor changes in the ruminal parameters mainly in the ruminal ammonia–nitrogen without affecting the animal’s health.
The objective was to evaluate the morphological, productive and chemical characteristics of Crotalarias juncea, spectabilis and ochroleuca, and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) submitted to phosphate ...fertilization levels. The experimental design used was completely randomized in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme, with four doses of phosphorus (0, 100, 200, 300 kg ha
−1
of P
2
O
5
) and four legume cultivars (Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria spectabilis, Crotalaria ochroleucaanda and Cajanus cajan), with four repetitions. There was no interaction between the levels of phosphate fertilizer and the legume species for the productive characteristics studied. There was a positive linear effect for leaf dry matter production, stem dry matter production and total dry matter production as a function of phosphate fertilization. There was a positive linear effect for the levels of leaf crude protein, with enhanced levels of phosphorus. There was greater fertilizer efficiency in legumes, at a dose of 100 kg ha
−1
, with a response of 11.46 kg ha
−1
for leaf dry matter production and 33.40 kg ha
−1
for total dry matter production. Among legumes, Crotalaria spectabilis is recommended due to the higher total dry matter and leaf productivity, greater number of nodules, and better chemical composition and digestibility.
Babassu mesocarp flour in diet of finishing lambs Santos, Paull Andrews Carvalho dos; Parente, Michelle de Oliveira Maia; Parente, Henrique Nunes ...
Italian journal of animal science,
01/2019, Volume:
18, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Twenty crossbred lambs (21.6 ± 3.5 kg BW) were used in a completely randomised design to determine the effects of babassu mesocarp flour (BMF) on performance and ingestive behaviour. The treatments ...were defined by the increase in concentrations (0, 10, 20 or 30%, in DM basis) of BMF in the diet. When significant treatments effects were found, orthogonal polynomials for treatment responses were determined by linear and quadratic responses (p < .05). To determine the in situ ruminal degradability of the diets used in performance trial, one rumen-fistulated Santa Inês male sheep (63 kg BW) was used in a completely randomised design in a split splot arrangement with three replications (three periods of incubation) in times 3, 6, 24 and 72 h. Data from potential degradability (PD), dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradability for diets and the incubation time were compared by t-test (p < .05). Negative quadratic effect was observed upon nutrients intake, except for neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake. The average daily gain, body condition score, feeding efficiency of DM and time spent in feeding decreased linearly with BMF addition. The BMF decreased the soluble fraction (a) potentially degradable fraction (b) PD, effective degradability of DM and CP and the NDF degradability. The addition of BMF in diets of sheep had negative effects on performance, feed efficiency of DM and degradability of DM, CP and NDF. However, the BMF can be used in diets, during the conventional grains off-season, at concentration up to 10.5% as alternative feed.
Highlights
* The mesocarp produced from industrialization of the babassu coconut has a great content of fiber and lignin.
* The great content of fiber associated to decrease in degradation of fiber and potential degradability in DM and CP reduced the performance of lambs.
* Although the reduction of the performance, BMF can partially replace the corn in diets of lambs in periods that the price of this ingredient is great.
The objective was to evaluate the effect of the use of a non-forage diet in feeding finished sheep in a feedlot regarding intake, nutrient digestibility, performance, ingestive behavior, and cost ...analysis with feed. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized complete block, with two treatments and eight blocks per treatment. The treatments were the control diet (30 of hay and 70% of concentrate, dry matter (DM) basis, normally used in the finishing system in Brazil) and the non-forage diet (100% concentrate). Animals fed non-forage diets had lower nutrient intake and metabolizable energy (ME) intake. Even though the animals that received a non-forage diet presented lower intake of DM, organic matter (OM), and crude protein (CP), there was no effect (p < 0.05) for the digestibility coefficients of these variables between diets. The time spent in rumination, total chewing, and idleness also decreased (p < 0.05) when lambs were fed a non-forage diet, due to the decreased DM intake. The profit margin value of US$10.395/animal reached by sheep fed the control diet was higher than the profit margin obtained by sheep that received the non-forage diet (US$−3.974/animal). The non-forage (pelleted) diet led to lower bio-economic performance, and its exclusive use in sheep finishing is not recommended.
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar si la inoculación bacteriana mejora las características fermentativas, microbiológicas y químicas de los ensilados del pasto elefante cv. BRS Capiaçu en ...diferentes días de rebrote. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar y se estableció en un arreglo factorial 3x2 (tres días de rebrote, con y sin inoculante), con cuatro repeticiones. Hubo una interacción significativa entre los días de rebrote y el inoculante sobre el pH, el nitrógeno amoniacal (N-NH3) y las pérdidas por efluentes (PE) de los ensilados. La inoculación disminuyó la PE con el avance de los días de rebrote y aumentó la tasa de recuperación de materia seca en comparación con los ensilados sin inoculante. La población de mohos y levaduras disminuyó cuando se adoptó la inoculación al forraje cosechado después de 85 d. Hubo una interacción significativa entre la materia seca (MS), la proteína cruda (PC) y la fibra detergente neutro corregida por los contenidos de cenizas y proteína (FDNcp) de los ensilados. La inoculación en el pasto cosechado después de 85 días aumentó el contenido de MS del ensilado. Los mayores contenidos de PC se observaron en los ensilados después de 85 días. Los contenidos de FDNcp de los pastos cosechados después de 110 y 135 días fueron mayores que el del pasto cosechado después de 85 días. El contenido de FDNcp de los ensilados sin inoculante aumentó con la edad de cosecha. El ensilado de forraje de BRS Capiaçu cosechado a los 110 días demostró un desempeño favorable para la producción de ensilado. Sin embargo, la influencia del uso de inoculantes fue baja para las características evaluadas.
The objectives in this experiment were to compare the effects of adding babassu oil or buriti oil in the diet of sheep on physiological response, feeding behaviour and water intake. Twenty-one lambs ...(24.6 ± 3.8 kg BW, mean ± SD) were distributed in an unbalanced randomized block design, using three diets: (1) basal diet without added oil (Control, CON); (2) 4% FA.kg
−1
DM of babassu oil (BAO) and (3) 4% FA.kg
−1
DM of buriti oil (BUO), containing 30% roughage. The addition of vegetable oil to the diet did not change the body temperature and rectal temperature; however, BAO decreased (P < 0.05) the respiratory rate. Additionally, BAO decreased (P < 0.05) dry matter (DM) intake, but did not affect: feeding, rumination and idle activities. The diets supplemented with vegetable oils reduced the efficiency of rumination of DM and neutral detergent fibre (NDF), the total water ingested, water intake per kg of DM and total water intake per kg of DM intake. Therefore, diets supplemented with vegetable oil modified the rumination efficiency and decreased the water intake of lambs in feedlots, especially with the addition of BAO with higher saturated fatty acids; it reduced the DM intake and respiratory rate.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of including common-bean residue in diets for feedlot sheep on feed efficiency and on ingestive behaviour of sheep. Treatments consisted of the ...inclusion of 0.0%, 11%, 22% and 33% of the common-bean residue (dry matter basis) in the experimental diets, which corresponded to the substitution levels of 0.0%, 33.3%, 66.7%, and 100.0% of cottonseed cake for the beanresidue. The inclusion of common bean residue did not change (P > 0.05) the NDF intake by the sheep, whose mean values were 358.37 g animal
-1
day
-1
, 1.07% BW, and 14.81 g kg
-1
BW
0.75
. There was a linear decreasing effect (P < 0.05) for the total chewing time, with a reduction to 94.48 min day
-1
at the maximum inclusion level (33%) of bean residue in the diet, in relation to the treatment without this by-product (280.17 min day
-1
). A decreasing linear effect (P < 0.05) was observed for the number of ruminatedboluses per day, where it reduced by 0.66 percentage units for each 1% inclusion of the bean residue. Bean processing residue can be substituted for cottonseed cake in the concentrate fed to sheep, at levels of up to 33%.
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