This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Streptococcus bovis on the fermentation characteristics and nutritive value of Tanzania grass silage. Tanzania grass was chopped and left untreated (U) or ...treated with Streptococcus bovis JB1 at 1 × 106 colony-forming units per gram (cfu/g) of fresh forage or Streptococcus bovis HC5 at 1 × 106 cfu/g of fresh forage and packed into sixtuplicate laboratory silos. The largest number of enterobacteria, molds and yeast (M&Y) occurred in untreated silages and the smallest populations of enterobacteria and M&Y and the largest numbers of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), at 9.81 and 9.87 log cfu/g, were observed in Streptococcus bovis JB1 and HC5, respectively (P<0.05). Silages treated with JB1 and HC5 had lower (P<0.05) silage pHs and concentrations of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) than untreated silages. The application of Streptococcus bovis JB1 and HC5 resulted in fewer losses through gases and effluents (P<0.05), which resulted in greater dry matter recovery (DMR) and crude protein recovery (CPR) (P<0.05). Streptococcus bovis JB1 and HC5 improved the fermentative profile and increased the concentration of crude protein and DMR and CPR in Tanzania grass silage.
This study aimed to assess the fermentation profile, losses and chemical composition of the silages of five sorghum cultivars. A completely randomized design with five replicates was used. The ...experimental treatments were represented by five sorghum cultivars (Sorghum bicolor (L). Moench): 'BRS Ponta Negra', 'BRS 610', 'BRS 655', 'BRS 800' and 'BRS 810'. There was variation (P<0.05) for the pH in the cultivars studied, with highest result of pH by 'BRS 610'. The average percentages of lactic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid, differed (P<0.05) among the cultivars, ranging from 32.9 to 59.5, 19.8 to 39.8, and 0.0 to 1.3g kg.sup.-1, respectively. The dry matter recovery varied among cultivars (P<0.05), allowing the identification of BRS Ponta Negra, and 'BRS 810' silages, as those which recovered the lowest dry matter, with values of757.1 and 776.1g kg.sup.-1, respectively. There were differences (P<0.05) for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, non-fibrous carbohydrates and total carbohydrates contents among the cultivars. It was concluded that, despite the morphological and chemical differences among cultivars, the resulting silages had good fermentation profile. Key words: conservation, ensilage, quality, Sorghum bicolor. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o perfil fermentativo, perdas e a composicao bromatologica de silagens de cinco cultivares de sorgo. Foi utilizado um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com cinco repeticoes. Os tratamentos experimentais foram representados por cinco cultivares de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L). Moench): 'BRS Ponta Negra', 'BRS 610', 'BRS 655', 'BRS 800'e 'BRS 810'. Houve variacao (P< 0,05) para o pH nos genotipos estudados, com maior resultado para o genotipo 'BRS 610'. Os valores medios de acido latico, acido acetico e acido propionico, diferiram entre as cultivares (P<0,05), variando de 32,9 a 59,5; 19,8 a 39,8; e 0,0 a 1.3g kg-', respectivamente. A recuperacao de materia seca variou entre as cultivares (P<0,05), em que as silagens dos cultivares 'BRS Ponta Negra' e 'BRS 810', e que tiveram menor recuperacao de materia seca, com valores de 757,1 e 776,1g kg.sup.-1, respectivamente. Houve diferenca (P<0,05) para teores de materia seca, proteina bruta, extrato etereo, fibra em detergente neutro, carboidratos naofibrosos e carboidratos totais entre as cultivares. Conclui-se que, apesar das diferencas morfologicas e quimicas entre as cultivares, as silagens resultantes tinham adequado padrao de fermentacao. Palavras-chave: conservacao, ensilagem, qualidade, Sorghum bicolor.
This study aimed to evaluate the fermentation characteristics, losses and the chemical composition of two pearl millet genotypes silages submitted to nitrogen fertilization. The experimental design ...was a completely randomized blocks in a split plot scheme 2x5 (two nitrogen genotypes doses x five doses of nitrogen), with four replicates. Nitrogen doses were 0, 20, 40, 60, 80kg ha.sup.-1 and the pearl millet genotypes were the variety ADR300 and the hybrid ADR7010. The hybrid ADR 7010 showed average lactic acid content higher than the variety ADR 300, at all doses of N, recording values ranging from 4.09 to 10.46dag kg.sup.-1. There was an interaction between nitrogren doses and genotypes for the neutral detergent fiber, which ranged from 51.81 to 63.63dag kg.sup.-1 of dry matter. Dry matter recovery decreased linearly with increasing nitrogen doses only for hybrid ADR7010, the same did not happen for the ADR300. The nitrogen fertilization does not favor the fermentation characteristics and increases DM losses of the hybridADR7010. Key words: chemical composition, fermentation characteristics, lactic acid, semi-arid. Objetivou-se avaliar o perfil fermentativo, as perdas e a composicao bromatologica de silagens de dois genotipos de milheto, submetidos a adubacao nitrogenada. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados em um esquema de parcelas subdivididas 2x5 (dois genotipos x cinco doses de nitrogenio), com quatro repeticoes. As doses de nitrogenio foram 0, 20, 40, 60, 80kg ha.sup.-1 e os genotipos de milheto foram a variedade ADR300 e o hibrido ADR7010. O hibrido ADR 7010 apresentou teores medios de acido latico superiores aos da variedade ADR 300 em todos os niveis de N, registrando valores que variaram de 4,09 a 10,46 dag kg.sup.-1. Houve interacao entre os niveis de adubo e os genotipos para a fibra em detergente neutro, que variaram de 51,81 a 63,63dag kg.sup.-1 de materia seca. A recuperacao de materia seca diminuiu linearmente com o aumento das doses de nitrogenio somente para o hibrido ADR7010, o mesmo nao acontecendo para a ADR300. A adubacao nitrogenada nao favorece o perfil fermentativo e incrementa as perdas de materia seca do hibrido ADR7010. Palavras-chave: composicao bromatologica, perfil fermentativo, acido latico, semiarido.
This study aimed to evaluate the economic result of the termination of feedlot sheep fed silages with different cultivars of sorghum 'BRS 810' and 'BRS Ponta Negra' (forage); 'BRS 610' (dual purpose ...character) and 'BRS 655' and 'BRS 800' (character grain). Five lambs without defined breed were used, aged between 5 and 7 months, with average weight of 17.7 + or - 3.7kg. The animals were confined in individual cages for 42 days and slaughtered at an average weight of 26.24kg. A completely randomized design was used with five treatments (silage of different cultivars of sorghum) and seven repetitions. The forage: concentrate ratio was 48:52 (DM basis) for all diets. The average cost of silage was 63.71, 71.01, 78.99, 61.08 and 63.35 R$ t.sup.-1 for 'BRS 610', 'BRS 655', 'BRS 800', 'BRS 810'and 'BRSPonta Negra', respectively promoting a net earnings of 78.34, 78.98, 77.43, 82.23 and 80.57 R$ carcass-1. The silage production using the 'BRS 810' with forage purpose has lower production costs and higher net income for carcass. Furthermore higher dry matter production per hectare provided increased support of forage cultivated areas capacity, which allowed greater amount of confined animals. Key words: production cost, semiarid, Sorghum bicolor. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o resultado economico da terminacao de ovinos em confinamento, alimentados com silagens de diferentes cultivares de sorgo: 'BRS 810' e 'BRS Ponta Negra' (carater forrageiro); 'BRS 610' (carater duplo proposito); e 'BRS 655' e 'BRS 800' (carater granifero). Utilizaram-se 35 cordeiros, sem padrao racial definido, com idade entre 5 e 7 meses e com peso vivo medio de 17,7 + or - 3,7kg. Os animais foram mantidos confinados em gaiolas individuais durante 42 dias, sendo abatidos com peso medio de 26,24kg. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos (silagem de diferentes cultivares de sorgo) e sete repeticoes. A relacao volumoso:concentrado foi de 48:52 (com base na MS), para todas as dietas testadas. O custo medio das silagens foi de 63,71; 71,01; 78,99; 61,08 e 63,35 R$ t.sup.-1 para as cultivares 'BRS 610', 'BRS 655', 'BRS 800', 'BRS 810' e 'BRS Ponta Negra', respectivamente, promovendo uma receita liquida de 78,34; 78,98; 77,43; 82,23 e 80,57R$ carcaca.sup.-1. A producao de silagem utilizando a variedade 'BRS810'com carater forrageiro apresenta menor custo de producao e maior receita liquida por carcaca, alem de maior producao de materia seca por hectare, proporcionando aumentar a capacidade de suporte forrageiro das areas cultivadas, permitindo confinar maior quantidade de animais. Palavras-chave: custo de producao, semiarido, Sorghum bicolor.
The objective was to quantify the forage yield, percentage of plant components, the morphometric characteristics and the rain use efficiency of five genotypes of sorghum silage in semiarid of ...Paraiba. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station Pendencia, municipality of Soledade-PB. The experimental design used was randomizedblocks with four replicates, being experimental treatments represented by five sorghum genotypes: Ponta Negra, SF 15 IPA 1011, IPA 2502 and IPA 46742. No differences had been observed between genotypes for the production of natural matter and dry matter production. For the percentage of leaf blade was not significant difference (P>0.05), however for the percentage of stem showed higher (P<0.05) for genotypes Ponta Negra and IPA 46742. The percentage of panicle was high (P<0.05) for cultivars 'IPA 1011' and 'IPA 2502'. The cultivars 'IPA 1011' e 'IPA 2502' showed panicle percentage above 38% DM. There was no difference (P<0.05) in rain-use efficiency among genotypes, with values ranging from 94.37 to 126.25kg DM ha.sup.-1 mm.sup.-1. The genotypes showed high use efficiency of rain can and productivity, which is recommended by the IPA 1011 increased participation panicle. Key words: dry matter, forage, plant height, precipitation. Objetivou-se quantificar o rendimento forrageiro, o percentual de componentes da planta, as caracteristicas morfometricas e a eficiencia do uso da chuva de cinco genotipos de sorgo para silagem no semiarido paraibano. O experimento foi conduzido na Estacao Experimental Pendencia, no municipio de Soledade-PB. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repeticoes, sendo os tratamentos experimentais representados por cinco genotipos de sorgo: Ponta Negra, SF 15 IPA 1011, IPA 2502 e IPA 46742. Nao foram observadas diferencas entre os genotipos para a producao de materia natural e producao de materia seca e para o percentual de lamina foliar. Entretanto, para o percentual de colmo foram observados maiores valores (P<0,05) para os genotipos Ponta Negra e IPA 46742. O percentual de panicula foi superior (P<0,05) para as cultivares 'IPA 1011 'e 'IPA 2502'. As cultivares 'IPA 1011 ' e 'IPA 2502' apresentaram percentual de panicula acima de 38% da MS. Nao houve diferenca (P<0,05) para eficiencia no uso da agua de chuva entre os genotipos estudados, com valores variando de 94,37 a 126,25kg de MS ha.sup.-1 mm.sup.- 1. Os genotipos avaliados apresentam elevada eficiencia no uso da chuva e produtividade. Recomenda-se o IPA 1011 pela maior participacao de panicula. Palavras-chave: altura daplanta, forragem, materia seca, precipitacao.
The performance of photovoltaic solar cells is usually analyzed using continuous models, for instance, 1M5P. I-V and P-V curves are fitted by a mathematical expression from the electrical model. In ...the case of 1M5P, characteristics are fitted using five parameters that are obtained using a small number of I-V points from a wider set of data, keeping the curve shape given by the mathematical expression from the model. A novel model was recently proposed to overcome this issue. The d1MxP model is based on the discretization of the electrical behavior of the diodes in models such as 1M5P. The d1MxP methodology is equivalent to an analytical incremental calculation and since it connects the given points, the model error should be lower than the one obtained using models as 1M5P. It is based on the connection of adjacent points (with small voltage differences) instead of having the entire voltage range represented by some parameters (as the continuous models do, for instance, 1M5P). In this work, the d1MxP model is applied to perovskite solar cells and paint-type dye-sensitized solar cells. The aim is to analyze the behavior of the discrete model in different third-generation solar cells since their performance cannot be well characterized by the 1M5P model. The accuracy on the maximum power point is relevant, resulting in perovskite solar cells, an improvement of up to 2.61% and, in paint-type dye-sensitized solar cells, an increase of up to 5.03%.
Leishmania uses the amino acid L-arginine as a substrate for arginase, enzyme that produces urea and ornithine, last precursor of polyamine pathway. This pathway is used by the parasite to replicate ...and it is essential to establish the infection in the mammalian host. L-arginine is not synthesized by the parasite, so its uptake occurs through the amino acid permease 3 (AAP3). AAP3 is codified by two copies genes (5.1 and 4.7 copies), organized in tandem in the parasite genome. One copy presents the expression regulated by L-arginine availability.
RNA-seq data revealed 14 amino acid transporters differentially expressed in the comparison of La-WT vs. La-arg- promastigotes and axenic amastigotes. The 5.1 and 4.7 aap3 transcripts were down-regulated in La-WT promastigotes vs. axenic amastigotes, and in La-WT vs. La-arg- promastigotes. In contrast, transcripts of other transporters were up-regulated in the same comparisons. The amount of 5.1 and 4.7 aap3 mRNA of intracellular amastigotes was also determined in sample preparations from macrophages, obtained from BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice and the human THP-1 lineage infected with La-WT or La-arg-, revealing that the genetic host background is also important. We also determined the aap3 mRNA and AAP3 protein amounts of promastigotes and axenic amastigotes in different environmental growth conditions, varying pH, temperature and L-arginine availability. Interestingly, the increase of temperature increased the AAP3 level in plasma membrane and consequently the L-arginine uptake, independently of pH and L-arginine availability. In addition, we demonstrated that besides the plasma membrane localization, AAP3 was also localized in the glycosome of L. amazonensis promastigotes and axenic amastigotes.
In this report, we described the differential transcriptional profiling of amino acids transporters from La-WT and La-arg- promastigotes and axenic amastigotes. We also showed the increased AAP3 levels under amino acid starvation or its decrease in L-arginine supplementation. The differential AAP3 expression was determined in the differentiation of promastigotes to amastigotes conditions, as well as the detection of AAP3 in the plasma membrane reflecting in the L-arginine uptake. Our data suggest that depending on the amino acid pool and arginase activity, Leishmania senses and could use an alternative route for the amino acid transport in response to stress signaling.
Bradykinesia and muscle weaknesses are common symptoms of Parkinson's Disease (PD) and are associated with impaired functional performance, increased risk of falls, and reduced quality of life. ...Recent studies have pointed to progressive resistance training (PRT) as an effective method to control and reduce these symptoms, increasing possibilities to treat the disease. However, few studies have focused on assessing the PRT effects in the short-term. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the short-term PRT effects on people with PD, in order to offer new parameters for a better understanding of its effects, so as an adequation and PRT use as a complementary therapy.
Forty individuals diagnosed with PD from stage 1 to 3 on the Hoehn and Yahr scale took part on the study and were allocated into 2 groups; Training Group (TG) performed a 9-week RT program twice a week, and the Control Group (CG) attended disease lectures. Bradykinesia UPDRS subscale (BSS), knee extensors isokinetic strength, Ten Meters Walk Test (TMW), Timed Up&Go Test (TUG) and 30-Second Chair Stand (T30) were measured before and after the intervention period. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.
Significant time was noted by the group interaction for all functional tests (TUG, T30, and TWM; all p < 0.01) and BSS (p < 0.01). Post hoc analyses revealed that these differences were driven by significant improvements in these dependent variables (all p < 0.01) while the CG remained unchanged (all p > 0.05). Moreover, TUG, T30, TWM, and BSS were significantly different between TG and CG in the post-training assessments (all p < 0.01). Isokinetic muscle strength was slightly increased in the TG (2.4%) and decreased in the CG (-2.2%), but statistical analyses did not reach significance for interaction but only a trend (p = 0.12).
The results indicate that 9 weeks of PRT reduces bradykinesia and improves functional performance in patients with mild to moderate PD. These findings reinforce this mode of exercise as an important component of public health promotion programs for PD.
Advanced urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) patients are tagged by a dismal prognosis and high mortality rates, mostly due to their poor response to standard-of-care platinum-based therapy. Mediators of ...chemoresistance are not fully elucidated. This work aimed to study the metabolic profile of advanced UBC, in the context of cisplatin resistance. Three isogenic pairs of parental cell lines (T24, HT1376 and KU1919) and the matching cisplatin-resistant (R) sublines were used. A set of functional assays was used to perform a metabolic screening on the cells. In comparison to the parental sublines, a tendency was observed towards an exacerbated glycolytic metabolism in the cisplatin-resistant T24 and HT1376 cells; this glycolytic phenotype was particularly evident for the HT1376/HT1376R pair, for which the cisplatin resistance ratio was higher. HT1376R cells showed decreased basal respiration and oxygen consumption associated with ATP production; in accordance, the extracellular acidification rate was also higher in the resistant subline. Glycolytic rate assay confirmed that these cells presented higher basal glycolysis, with an increase in proton efflux. While the results of real-time metabolomics seem to substantiate the manifestation of the Warburg phenotype in HT1376R cells, a shift towards distinct metabolic pathways involving lactate uptake, lipid biosynthesis and glutamate metabolism occurred with time. On the other hand, KU1919R cells seem to engage in a metabolic rewiring, recovering their preference for oxidative phosphorylation. In conclusion, cisplatin-resistant UBC cells seem to display deep metabolic alterations surpassing the Warburg effect, which likely depend on the molecular signature of each cell line.
Wound healing is a complex process of repair that involves the interaction between different cell types and involves coordinated interactions between intracellular and extracellular signaling. Bone ...Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) based and acellular amniotic membrane (AM) therapeutic strategies with the potential for treatment and regeneration of tissue. We aimed to evaluate the involvement of paracrine effects in tissue repair after the flap skin lesion rat model. In the full-thickness flap skin experiment of forty Wistar rats: A total of 40 male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups: group I: control (C; n = 10), with full-thickness lesions on the back, without (BMSCs) or AM (n = 10); group II: injected (BMSCs; n = 10); group III: covered by AM; group IV-injected (AM + BMSCs; n = 10). Cytokine levels, IL-1, and IL-10 assay kits, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GRs) and carbonyl activity levels were measured by ELISA 28th day, and TGF-β was evaluated by immunohistochemical, the expression collagen expression was evaluated by Picrosirius staining. Our results showed that the IL-1 interleukin was higher in the control group, and the IL-10 presented a higher mean when compared to the control group. The groups with BMSCs and AM showed the lowest expression levels of TGF-β. SOD, GRs, and carbonyl activity analysis showed a predominance in groups that received treatment from 80%. The collagen fiber type I was predominant in all groups; however, the AM + BMSCs group obtained a higher average when compared to the control group. Our findings suggest that the AM+ BMSCs promote skin wound healing, probably owing to their paracrine effect attributed to the promotion of new collagen for tissue repair.
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