For a number of years now, Croatia has had a negative net migration rate, which means that more people have emigrated than immigrated during a period of time. It is difficult to establish the real ...number of persons who have emigrated from Croatia due to a number of reasons. There is also the issue of the so-called flfictional population«, persons who are registered as living in Croatia, even though they do not actually live there. A large number of persons have not registered themselves as having left the country, even though they are obliged to do so by law. The reason for this, as well as the fictional registration in Croatia, is maintaining or gaining certain benefits in Croatia. In Croatia, there is a large difference among regions in terms of emigration intensity. The goal of this paper is to analyze which parts of Croatia suffered the most from emigration, and which felt the least effect of this process.
It could be said that Croatia is “traditionally” an emigration country. Emigration processes in Croatia have been going on continually for over 150 years. With a more or less intensive emigration, ...since its independence,Croatia has also been experiencing a natural depopulation. Such a situation has resulted in the deep demographic crisis that the country is currently in. In recent times, since joining the European Union, we’ve been witnesses to the newest emigration wave from Croatia, as Croatian citizens have gained access to the job market of almost all EU countries. It is known that there are issues related to how correct the number of emigrated persons is, as shown by the official Croatian statistics. In this paper, we compare the official Croatian statistics data to the statistics of selected countries that Croatian citizens have most emigrated to. The goal of this paper is to find and analyze the discrepancy between the official Croatian statistics about the number of emigrated persons and the official data about immigrated persons in the countries where Croatian citizens emigrated to the most.
Bjelovarsko-bilogorska županija leži v osrednjem delu hrvaškega panonsko-subpanonskega prostora. Kljub ugodni lokaciji znotraj Hrvaške in ugodnim fizičnogeografskim značilnostim ima v zadnjih 50 ...letih zelo negativne demografske značilnosti. Z vidika celotne županije so demografske razmere v podeželskih delih še veliko bolj neugodne kot v mestnih naseljih. Med letoma 1961 in 2011 se je delež podeželskega prebivalstva v županiji zmanjšal za 46,7 %.
U radu se analiziraju promjene osnovnih obilježja stanovništva sjeverozapadne Hrvatske. Broj stanovnika sjeverozapadne Hrvatske između 1900. i 2011. godine povećan je 8,5%, a maksimum stanovništva ...zabilježen je 1953. godine. Od potonje godine broj stanovnika ovog područja konstantno se smanjuje te je posljednjim popisom 2011. zabilježeno 11,9% stanovnika manje nego 1953. godine. Sagledavajući popisno kretanje broja stanovnika po županijama u tri karakteristična razdoblja (1900.-2011., 1948.-2011. i 2001.-2011.), uočava se izrazita bipolarnost jer Krapinsko-zagorska i Koprivničko-križevačka županija imaju pad broja stanovnika u sva tri razdoblja, dok Međimurska i Varaždinska županija bilježe brojčani porast u prva dva razdoblja, a pad broja stanovnika u razdoblju 2001.-2011. godine. Prirodno kretanje razmatrano je za razdoblje 1996.-2015. te je prirodnim putem u tih dvadeset godina sjeverozapadna Hrvatska izgubila 35 tisuća stanovnika dok se broj stanovnika izgubljen mehaničkim putem ne može utvrditi zbog promjena u metodologiji popisivanja ukupnog stanovništva nakon 1991. godine. Pokazatelji dobne strukture stanovništva sjeverozapadne Hrvatske također su izrazito nepovoljni jer je popisom 2011. zabilježeno 21,6% stanovništva starog između 0 i 19 godina te 22,8% stanovništva starog 60 godina i više. Iako se između 1981. i 2011. obrazovna struktura stanovništva sjeverozapadne Hrvatske znatno poboljšala, njezina obilježja još su uvijek ispod hrvatskog prosjeka te je posljednjim popisom zabilježeno svega 10,6% visokoobrazovanog stanovništva starog 15 godina i više.
The paper analyzes the economic activity and position on the labor market of Croatian Homeland War veterans aged 45-64. Based on 798 completed survey questionnaires of veterans from five counties and ...the City of Zagreb, results show that 54.8% of veterans are actively employed, while 43.9% are retired. Every fifth active military veteran is employed in public administration and defense, and around 17% work in construction. The survey also looked into the awareness of the programs that the Ministry of Croatian Veterans intended for the employment and self-employment of veterans. The results show that 7% of the participants were not at all or not sufficiently informed about the programs, and only about 6% of them said that they were very well informed about these programs. Among the veterans included in some of the programs for employment or self- employment, most participants belong to those who became familiar with the programs through veterans’ associations and the website of the Ministry of Croatian Veterans. Looking at the procedure of using the measures as a whole, half of the veterans stated that they were mostly or completely satisfied with taking part in the employment or self-employment measure.
The paper analyzes the changes of the basic characteristics of the population of North-Western Croatia. Population of North-Western Croatia has increased by 8.5% between 1900 and 2011 and the maximum ...number of inhabitants was recorded in 1953. Since the latter year, the number of inhabitants of this area has been steadily decreasing, and the latest census in 2011 showed that the population decrease in comparison with 1953 was 11.9%. Considering the census dynamics of the number of inhabitants per county in three characteristic periods (1900-2011, 1948-2011 and 2001-2011), the significant bipolarity was noticed. Krapina-Zagorje County and Koprivnica-Križevci County have a population decline, while the counties of Međimurje and Varaždin recorded a significant population increase in the first two periods and the population decline in the period 2001-2011. The natural population dynamics was researched for the period 1996 – 2015. In those twenty years North-Western Croatia has lost 35 thousand inhabitants by natural population drop (more deaths than births), while the population drop caused by emigration can not be determined due to changes in the methodology of censuses after 1991. Indicators of the age structure of North-Western Croatia are also extremely unfavourable. The 2011 census showed that 21.6% of the population was aged between 0 and 19 years and 22.8% of the population was aged 60 years and over. Although between 1981 and 2011 the educational structure of the North-Western Croatia population was improved considerably, its characteristics are still below the Croatian average. The latest population census from 2011 showed that there was only 10.6% of the highly educated population aged 15 years and more.
The fundamental questions that this socio-demographic analysis focuses on are: what is the structure of the older age group 65+ by gender, level of education, computer literacy, marital status and ...the type of community they live in, by household type and family status, and by the main sources of livelihood. Also analyzed is the structure of the population aged 65+ with difficulties in performing everyday activities according to their need for assistance and using the help of another person, then by the cause of those difficulties and by their physical mobility. In the theoretical part of the paper, the author questions some sociological aspects and presents the most important theories of aging in recent sociological literature, whose terms are partially used through the interpretation of data obtained by demographic analysis. Since the main sources of data are censuses, used in this analysis is the method of demographic statistics with comparative analysis of successive censuses of monitored elements in a defined period. The analyzed data indicate that the aging of the population in Croatia has become the dominant demographic, social, and also economic problem, while between 1961 and 2011 the youth ratio was reduced from 27.2 to 15.2, and the coefficient of age increased from 7.4 to 1 7.7, i.e. the share of elderly persons was more than doubled. Keywords: aging of the population, demographic transition, sociology of aging, depopulation, gerontology, Croatia Temeljna pitanja na koja je ova sociodemografska analiza usmjerena jesu: kakva je struktura starije dobne skupine 65+ prema spolu, stupnju obrazovanja, informatickoj pismenosti, bracnom statusu i vrsti zajednice u kojoj zive, kao i prema tipu kucanstva i statusu u obitelji te prema glavnim izvorima sredstava za zivot. Analizira se i struktura stanovnistva od 65+ s poteskocama u obavljanju svakodnevnih aktivnosti prema potrebi za pomoci druge osobe i uzimanju pomoci druge osobe, potom prema uzroku poteskoca te prema fizickoj pokretljivosti. U teorijskom dijelu rada propituju se i neki socioloski aspekti te prikazuju najvaznije teorije starenja u recentnijoj socioloskoj literaturi, pojmovi kojih se djelomicno rabe i u interpretaciji podataka dobivenih demografskom analizom. Buduci da su glavni izvor podataka popisi stanovnistva, primijenit ce se metoda demografske statistike, uz komparativnu analizu sukcesivnih popisa pracenih obiljezja u oznacenom razdoblju. Analizirani podaci pokazuju kako je starenje stanovnistva postalo u Hrvatskoj dominantan demografski, socijalni, ali i ekonomski problem, a izmedu 1961. i 2011. koeficijent mladosti smanjen je sa 27,2 na 15,2, dok je koeficijent starosti povecan sa 7,4 na 1 7,7, odnosno udio starih vise se nego udvostrucio. Kljucne rijeci: starenje stanovnistva, demografska tranzicija, sociologija starenja, depopulacija, gerontologija, Hrvatska
PDF
