Because news websites' comments have become an important space of spreading hate speech, this article tries to contribute to uncovering the characteristics of Internet hate speech by combining ...discourse analyses of comments on Slovenian news websites with online in-depth interviews with producers of hate speech comments, researching their values, beliefs, and motives for production. Producers of hate speech use different strategies, mostly rearticulating the meaning of news items. The producers either are organized or act on their own initiative. The main motive of soldiers and believers is the mission; they share characteristics of an authoritarian personality. The key motives of the players are thrill and fun. The watchdogs are motivated by drawing attention to social injustice. The last two groups share the characteristics of a libertarian personality.
Povečan globalni domet in vpliv medijev v novem tisočletju vzpostavljata potrebo po globalni novinarski etiki pri poročanju o mednarodno relevantnih zadevah. V središču raziskovalnega zanimanja je ...vprašanje, ali je mogoče in zaželeno razviti niz skupnih etičnih načel v univer-zalnem novinarskem kodeksu. Pri tem so ključna vprašanja, ali je mogoče priti do soglasja o univerzalnih vrednotah, ali jih je smiselno kodificirati in ali je uvedba univerzalnega kodeksa lahko učinkovit vzvod globalne novinarske odgovornosti. Etičnih kodeksov ni mogoče enačiti z novinarsko etiko in etičnim odločanjem, na katera vplivajo različni dejavniki. Pomembno je razvijati družbeno in medijsko klimo, ki bo v uredništvih spodbujala vrednote globalne etike. Vendar zavrnitev univerzalnega kodeksa ne pomeni zavrnitve vključevanja kozmopolitske perspektive v novinarsko poročanje. Prav tako ne pomeni, da je treba opustiti idejo o univerzalnem kodeksu. Razprave o njem bi morale biti del obsežnega in nenehnega samospraševanja novinarjev o svojem poslanstvu, položaju in prihodnosti. Razumeti jih je treba predvsem kot priložnost za širšo analizo stanja v profesiji in kritičen premislek o tem, kaj lahko novinarska skupnost in družba storita za premostitev ovir pri uresničevanju cilja svobodnega in odgovornega novinarstva.
The increased global reach and impact of media in the new millennium raises the need for a global journalism ethics when reporting on matters of international relevance. In the limelight of the research interest is the question whether it is possible and desired to develop a set of common ethical principles in a universal journalism code. The crucial questions are whether it is possible to come to an agreement about universal values, whether it is reasonable to codify them and whether the adoption of a universal code can be an efficient instrument of global journalistic responsibility. Ethical codes cannot be equated with journalism ethics and ethical decision-making, which is influenced by different factors. It is important to develop a social and media climate which will stimulate values of global ethics in media newsrooms. However, the rejection of a universal code does not imply a rejection of including a cosmopolitan perspective in news reporting. It also does not mean that the idea of a universal code should be abandoned. Discussions about it should be part of an extensive and constant journalists' self-questioning about their mission, situation and future. They should be understood mostly as an opportunity for a wider analysis of state of the profession and for a critical reflection on what the journalistic community and the society can do to surmount the obstacles when carrying out the goal of free and responsible journalism.
Z digitalizacijo komunikacijskega okolja je prišlo do regulativnega neravnovesja, v katerem so na eni strani regulirani in finančno podhranjeni mediji, na drugi pa neregulirane in ...eko-nomskomočnedigitalneplatforme. Pri temdržavljani vse več informacij in medijskih ali medijskim podobnih vsebin sprejemajo prek platform. Cilj študije je raziskati odzive teles medijske samoregulacije na vprašanja na področju novinarske etike in profesionalnosti, povezana z digitalizacijo, ter pripravljenost teles medijske samoregulacije in zakonsko podprtih medijskih regulatorjev za sodelovanje pri urejanju digitalnega komunikacijskega okolja. Analiza etičnih kodeksov ter intervjuji s predstavniki medijskih samoregulativnih teles in medijskih regulatorjev iz štirih držav, nastalih na območju nekdanje Jugoslavije, so razkrili podobnosti pri prilagajanju medijske samoregulacije vprašanjem digitalnega komunikacijskega okolja, a niso nakazali strinjanja glede možnosti poseganja države vanj ter glede krepitve sodelovanja medijskih samoregulatorjev in regulatorjev pri njegovem urejanju.
Up in the Air? Jusic, Tarik; Puppis, Manuel; Herrero, Laia Castro ...
2021, 20210601, 2021-06-01
eBook
The agenda for transition after the demise of communism in the Western Balkans made the conversion of state radio and television into public service broadcasters a priority, converting mouthpieces of ...the regime into public forums in which various interests and standpoints could be shared and deliberated. There is general agreement that this endeavor has not been a success. Formally, the countries adopted the legal and institutional requirements of public service media according to European standards. The ruling political elites, however, retained their control over the public media by various means. Can this trend be reversed? Instead of being marginalized or totally manipulated, can public service media become vehicles of genuine democratization? A comparison of public media services in seven countries (Albania, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia) addresses these important questions.
To propagate fear, terrorists primarily use social media. Nevertheless, traditional mass media remain very important public sources of information on terrorists' violent acts. Terrorism acts have ...high news value, so it is pertinent to consider how news media should report them. In the present paper, we ? rst discuss the dilemma between the public's right to be informed about such attacks on the one hand and the value of security on the other. The case of the abduction and execution of Tomislav Salopek, which took place in 2015, was studied. An analysis of 57 news reports on the event from the most-visited news websites in Slovenia showed that several guidelines that should be followed when covering terrorism were not given enough consideration by the media. Among them were invading privacy of the victim's family and providing only super? cial, simpli? ed analysis, with no root cause analysis of the act in question. In the conclusion part, we argue that this was partially caused by the market orientation of the observed websites. In addition, we discuss how such unethical reporting may be rooted in journalists and editors' lack of knowledge about the possible adverse consequences of their actions.
In contemporary societies a journalist's right to protect confidential sources is acknowledged to be one of the basic conditions for freedom of the press and one of the cornerstones of watchdog ...journalism. The goal of this study is to dissect the reasoning and practices of negotiating source confidentiality as seen by Slovenian journalists. By analysing 15 in-depth interviews with print, television and online journalists the authors identified not only a variety of approaches in the practice of everyday journalism, but also conflicting reasoning of source confidentiality. The lack of conventions concerning source confidentiality indicates that journalism appears without proper answers to issues posed by the contemporary complexities of social life. While caught in the interplay between the public and private interests, watchdog journalism can degenerate into the lapdog of the establishment and/or the show dog of the news media industry.
The aim of this article is to reveal the production process behind unethical and illegal advertorials — to uncover its main actors, their motives, and responses to this practice. The study combines ...participant observation and interviews with the main participants in the production of texts which appear in an identical form to journalistic text, yet are commercial messages. The analysis showed that the key actors are advertisers, as they are the initiators of the practice; they define the content and the form of publication to achieve commercial benefit. Both marketing agents and journalists/editors are more or less subordinate to them at all stages of the production. The analysis also revealed that relations between the main actors in the advertorial production process are predominately negative, even antagonistic, although members of a specific group, especially journalists and editors, do not share a homogenous view towards other actors or the advertorial practice itself.
Pojav spletnega novinarstva je privedel do novih etičnih dilem in zmede glede etičnih standardov. Pojavljajo se dvomi o ustreznosti tradicionalne novinarske etike za spletno novinarstvo, saj gre za ...področje, na katerem trčijo stare in nove vrednote. Cilj tega članka je raziskati etične dileme spletnih novinarjev in urednikov, strategije reševanja in stališča o potrebi po prilagoditvi etičnih kodeksov izzivom spletnega okolja. Poglobljeni intervjuji z dvanajstimi novinarji in uredniki treh najbolj branih slovenskih spletnih novičarskih medijev (24ur.com, Siol.net in Rtvslo.si) so pokazali, da imajo intervjuvanci težave z jasnim in s sistematičnim izražanjem o etičnih temah. Njihove odločitve bolj kot na teoretsko utemeljenem presojanju temeljijo na izkušnjah in zdravem razumu. Kljub temu je bilo mogoče razbrati šest ključnih dilem in različne strategije reševanja, stališča o spreminjanju kodeksov pa so bila raznolika in brez konkretnih predlogov.
The objective of this paper is to present the research on how unlabeled advertorials are produced and interpreted by their key producers. The study uses ethnographic methods and reveals that ...advertorials are produced by news producers or agency practitioners and advertisers either independently or collectively. The production was based on paying for various expenses or services and making threats. Reasons for production were different within particular groups of producers. Responsibility belongs to all actors analyzed, but also to other media and social actors who establish and maintain circumstances that enable this illegal and unethical practice.
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