The experiment aimed to evaluate the fermentative and nutritional profile of the silage of four soybean plant genotypes (BRS 333 RR, Pampeanas: C50, C60, and C70) ensiled with levels of sugarcane (0, ...25, 50, 75, and 100%). The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design, in factorial scheme 4 × 5 (four soybean genotypes and five levels of sugarcane inclusion) with four replicates. Silages with 100% soybean plant presented the highest levels of butyric acid (P < 0.001) and ammoniacal nitrogen (P < 0.047); however, the intermediate addition of sugarcane contributed to lactic fermentation (P < 0.001). Besides, there was a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) for the recovery of dry matter, which ranged from 83.28 to 95.29%, with higher values observed for silage with the same proportions of soybean plant and sugarcane. It was verified that the crude protein content exhibited decreasing linear effects (P < 0.001), varying among 4.60 to 7.48% in the silages. It was concluded that the highest recovery of dry matter, the best fermentation profile, and the highest levels of crude protein and digestibility occurred in the inclusion between 25 and 50% of sugarcane in soybean silage, with the superiority of the C50 soybean genotype.
The effects of four deferred grazing strategies (30, 60, 90 and 120 days) on morphogenic and structural characteristics, herbage accumulation, and chemical composition of signal grass (Brachiaria ...brizantha cv. Xaraés) were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, Brazil, during the transition period between the rainy and the dry season, from April to August 2013. The number of live leaves and leaf lifespan were quadratically affected (p < 0.05) by the period of deferment. Pasture height linearly increased (p < 0.05) with increasing deferment periods, reaching a maximum of 54.33 cm at 120 d of deferment. The leaf: stem ratio linearly increased (p < 0.05) with increasing deferment periods and remained higher than 1 during all evaluation periods. Total dry matter accumulation increased linearly (p < 0.05), with an average of 7817 kg/ha at day 120 of the deferment. Concentrations of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber were not affected by the length of the deferment period (p < 0.05). A deferment period of up to 120 days resulted in increased dry matter accumulation, a higher leaf: stem ration, and only slight changes in the structural characteristics and chemical composition of Xaraés pasture grass.
This study aimed to evaluate the ensiling fermentation profile, chemical composition, and in-situ degradability of mixed ration silages combining babassu by-products as a nutritional alternative for ...livestock. A completely randomised design was used, with four treatments (silages) and five replications (silos), which were composed of: Sugarcane silage, SS (control); sugarcane silage with corn and soybean meal (standard diet, MRSS); sugarcane silage with corn, soybean meal, and babassu flour, MRSF; and sugarcane silage with corn, soybean meal, and babassu cake, MRSC. The highest values (p < 0.05) of dry matter recovery (DMR) were for the MRSS, MRSF, and MRSC treatments, which also had higher dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and non-fibrous carbohydrate contents (NFC), compared to SC treatment, which showed the highest levels of neutral detergent fibre corrected for ash and protein (NDFap), acid detergent fibre (ADF), lignin (LIG), and ethanol. The MRSS, MRSF, and MRSC treatments exhibited higher potential degradability (PD) and effective degradability (ED) of DM and CP; and higher (P < 0.05) degradability of DM and CP compared to SS treatment. The inclusion of babassu concentrate and by-products in sugarcane silages in the form of total ration acted positively in the qualitative indicators of the silages.
The objective was to evaluate the morphological, productive and chemical characteristics of Crotalarias juncea, spectabilis and ochroleuca, and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) submitted to phosphate ...fertilization levels. The experimental design used was completely randomized in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme, with four doses of phosphorus (0, 100, 200, 300 kg ha
−1
of P
2
O
5
) and four legume cultivars (Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria spectabilis, Crotalaria ochroleucaanda and Cajanus cajan), with four repetitions. There was no interaction between the levels of phosphate fertilizer and the legume species for the productive characteristics studied. There was a positive linear effect for leaf dry matter production, stem dry matter production and total dry matter production as a function of phosphate fertilization. There was a positive linear effect for the levels of leaf crude protein, with enhanced levels of phosphorus. There was greater fertilizer efficiency in legumes, at a dose of 100 kg ha
−1
, with a response of 11.46 kg ha
−1
for leaf dry matter production and 33.40 kg ha
−1
for total dry matter production. Among legumes, Crotalaria spectabilis is recommended due to the higher total dry matter and leaf productivity, greater number of nodules, and better chemical composition and digestibility.
This experiment aimed to compare the effects of adding babassu mesocarp flour (BMF) in goat kids diets on physiological response, feeding behaviour and water intake. Twenty-eight goat kids (24.5 Â ± ...4.0 kg initial BW) have distributed in a randomized block design and confined for 22 days. The treatments were BMF levels (0, 10, 20 or 30%, in DM basis) in the diet with 30% roughage and 70% concentrate (DM basis). The BMF added into the diet did not change (P > 0.05) dry matter (DM) intake, feeding efficiency of DM, feeding behaviour, water intake, chewing, rumination efficiency of DM and neutral detergent fibre (NDF). However, NDF intake and consequently their feed efficiency increased linearly (P < 0.05) with BMF addition, while the respiratory rate (RR) did not change (P > 0.05). Within climatic conditions evaluated, BMF inclusion did not cause caloric stress, although had increased linearly body temperature and had a quadratic effect for rectal temperature. In addition, the ingestive behaviour has not been altered, indicating that up to 30% of this ingredient can be added in the diet of finishing goat kids.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the fermentative profile, chemical composition, and in situ degradability of total mixed ration silage with or without babassu byproducts formulated for ...sheep diets. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design, with four treatments (silages) and five replications (silos). The treatments were SS: sugarcane silage (control); SSCS: sugarcane silage with corn and soybean meal; SSBF: sugarcane silage with corn, soybean meal, and babassu flour; and SSBC: sugarcane silage with corn, soybean meal, and babassu cake. The experimental diets were formulated to be isoprotein, and to meet the nutritional requirements of confined sheep with an average weight of 20 kg, according to Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants. The SSCS, SSBF, and SSBC treatments presented the highest values of dry matter recovery (83.74, 82.08, and 83.92%, respectively), and higher dry matter (349.07, 344,39, and 352.32 g/kg, respectively), crude protein (151.19, 136.98, and 142.14 g/kg DM, respectively), and non-fibrous carbohydrate (444.70, 353.40, and 371.30 g/kg DM, respectively) contents than the SS treatment. The largest degradations of DM, CP, and neutral detergent fiber in each treatment occurred at 72 h, in which the SSCS treatments presented the highest degradations in comparison to the others (80.59, 87.89, and 55.68, respectively). The inclusion of babassu byproducts in sugarcane silages in the form of total ration acted positively in the qualitative indicators of the silages, improving the fermentation profile and reducing losses, as well as improving the chemical composition and in situ degradability.
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