The goal of the present study is to explore the perception of the relationship with parental figures, traumatic experiences, personality traits and psychosocial characteristics of the participant ...sibling caregivers. The sample was composed of 30 sibling caregivers recruited at psychiatric facilities in Italy, and of 30 control siblings. The battery of instruments administered included Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2 (MMPI-2), and The Inventory of Traumatic Experiences (TEC). This research found that sibling caregivers of patients with severe psychiatric pathologies are distinctly different from the siblings of the control group with respect to the perception of their relationship with parental figures more frequently regarded as dysfunctional, and were also characterized by a higher presence of traumatic experiences. The problematic relationship with parental figures, some traumatic experiences, and the burden of taking care of a sibling with psychiatric disorders are probably important variables with regards to the individual’s overall psychological condition.
To assess the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral therapy-based intervention (Superwellness Program) on weight gain compared with a treatment-as-usual (TAU) approach in patients treated with ...antipsychotics, and to evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) variation and clinical variables.
Eighty-five patients treated with antipsychotics were allocated across two groups, experimental (n=59) and control (n=26). The Superwellness Program (experimental group) consisted of 32 twice-weekly 1-hour sessions, conducted by a psychologist and a nutritionist/nurse, concurrently with moderate food intake and moderate physical activity plans. Sociodemographic, clinical, and biological variables were collected at baseline, at the end of intervention (16 weeks), and after 6 months.
BMI change from baseline differed significantly between the experimental and control groups, with a larger decrease in the experimental group (F = 5.5, p = 0.021). Duration of illness moderated the effect of treatment on BMI (p = 0.026). No significant (p = 0.499) effect of intervention during the follow-up period was found. Interestingly, the intervention indirectly induced a significant (p = 0.024) reduction in metabolic risk by reducing BMI.
A cognitive-behavioral therapy-based intervention could be useful in reducing weight in a clinical population taking antipsychotics, with consequent benefit to physical and mental health.
This retrospective study, conducted in Turin, Italy, between January 2021 and February 2023, investigates the impact of seasonal heatwaves on emergency department (ED) admissions for mental ...disorders.
Through the analysis of data from 2,854 patients, this research found a significant link between the occurrence of heatwaves, especially from June to August, and an elevated rate of ED admissions for psychiatric conditions.
The data indicate a clear seasonal pattern, with admissions peaking during the hot months and diminishing in the colder months. Particularly, the study delineates an enhanced correlation between heatwaves and admissions for severe psychiatric disorders, such as bipolar disorder, major depression, personality disorders, and schizophrenia, accounting for 1,868 of the cases examined. This correlation was most pronounced among individuals aged 50-59 years.
The results of this study highlight a critical association between the incidence of seasonal heatwaves and an uptick in ED visits for psychiatric disorders, with a distinct impact on severe cases. It underscores the urgency for healthcare systems to anticipate seasonal fluctuations in psychiatric ED admissions and to allocate resources effectively to support patients during peak periods.
Important guidelines recommend cognitive-behavioural interventions for postnatal depression but in the clinical practice they are not really diffused. This study describes the results and ...effectiveness of a structured cognitive-behavioural intervention implemented in a public mental health department.
The study involved 54 depressed women drawn from a community screening programme for postnatal depression in Bergamo province. Intervention was conducted on group and individual basis following a cognitive-behavioural programme of 10-15 weeks duration, including at least one partner session and adhered to a structured manual. Baseline and post intervention measures of depression and health were collected through validated rating scales.
Following treatment, a significant improvement was demostrated on Edinburgh Post Natal Depression Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Short Form-12. The improvements were manteined after a 12 mounths follow up.
These results are encouraging and suggest that brief and structured cognitive behavioral interventions can be effective as a treatment for depression in postnatal period and routinely implemented in the clinical practice.
Postnatal depression, the most frequent complication occurring after pregnancy, is often not recognized. The prevalence of postnatal depression is currently considered to be 10-15% in western ...countries. A wide range of risk factors related to postnatal depression were researched in international studies. Our aim was to evaluate the risk factors and their frequency in a women population of Bergamo Province and compare the results with findings of international literature.
595 women taking part to antenatal courses in three hospitals in Bergamo Province were screened for Postnatal Depression using EPDS and clinical interview. Prevalence and possible psychosocial risk factors data were collected and subsequently analysed and compared with literature findings.
Thirty six (7.1%) women of our sample had postnatal depression. Depressed mood and depression during pregnancy, anxiety during pregnancy, poor social support, recent life events, a history of depression or other psychiatric history, presence of maternity blues were the strongest predictors of postnatal depression in our sample.
The Psychosocial risk factors emerged from our study are substantially the same indicated by international studies, on the contrary prevalence is a little lower. This result may be explained considering that our women sample wasn't completely representative of general population.
The present study describes the interaction between carbamazepine (CBZ) and viloxazine, a recently synthesized antidepressant agent. Seven epileptic patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy showed ...a significant (p less than 0.005) increase in steady-state serum CBZ levels (from 8.1 +/- 2.5 SD to 12.1 +/- 2.5 SD micrograms/ml) when viloxazine (300 mg/day) was added to the therapy. The effect was associated with the appearance of mild CBZ intoxication. The symptoms of this intoxication (i.e., dizziness, ataxia, fatigue, drowsiness) disappeared rapidly, and serum CBZ levels decreased to the basal values, when viloxazine administration was stopped.
The present study was designed to investigate the influence of food on dipropylacetic acid (DPA) absorption from dipropylacetamide (DPM). Six healthy male volunteers received at weekly intervals, in ...a crossover randomized fashion, a single oral dose of 60 mg DPM, as 2 X 300-mg capsules, in a fasting state and after a standard meal. In the latter state, the lag time of DPA appearance in the serum increased significantly (p less than 0.02) from 0.6 +/- 0.2 to 2.3 +/- 1.2 h (mean values +/- SD). Maximal DPA serum levels and bioavailability increased significantly (p less than 0.05), with mean values of 27.7 +/- 19.8 and 19.0 +/- 14.7%, respectively, following food. The slower gastric emptying with a consequent improved DPM exposure to metabolizing enzymes and changes in gastric pH probably accounted for these findings. These results suggest that it is more advantageous to take DPM after meals. This helps to reduce gastrointestinal disturbances and to promote DPA absorption.
A gas-liquid chromatographic procedure for measuring the serum levels of the antidepressant viloxazine is described. The drug and the internal standard imipramine (IMI) are extracted from 1 ml serum. ...The method involves a three-step extraction, derivatization of viloxazine with acetic anhydride, and injection into a gas chromatograph equipped with a nitrogen-phosphorus-selective detector. The retention times for IMI and viloxazine were 4.7 and 6.1 min, respectively. The standard curves were linear over the 100- to 2,000-ng/ml range. The recovery averaged 64.5% and the lowest detection limit was 80 ng/ml. The within-run and day-to-day coefficients of variations were 11.9 and 12.5%, respectively, at 250 ng/ml, and 8.9 and 9.2%, respectively, at 1,500 ng/ml. The method is adequate both for single-dose pharmacokinetic studies and for monitoring serum viloxazine levels in chronically treated patients.
The spread of Internet and online social media has created a huge amount of data able to provide new insights to researchers in different disciplinary fields, but it also presents new challenges for ...data science. Data arising from online social networks can be naturally coded as relational data in affiliation and adjacency matrices, then analyzed with social network analysis. In this study, we apply an interdisciplinary approach (based on automatic visual content analysis, social network analysis, and exploratory statistical techniques) to define and derive a suitable indicator for characterizing places, along with the online activities of travelers, in terms of sharing images. We envisage a novel storytelling perspective where stories are related to places and the narrative activity is realized through posting images. Specifically, we use data extracted from an online social network (i.e.,
Instagram
) to identify travelers’ paths among sites of interests. Starting from a large collection of pictures geolocalized in a pre-specified set of locations (i.e., five locations in the Campania region of Italy during the 2018 Christmas season), we use
automatic alternative text
to produce an ex-post taxonomy of images on the most recurrent themes emerging from pictures posted on Instagram. Quantitative measures defined on the co-occurrence of locations and the emerging themes are used to build a statistical indicator able to characterize paths among different locations as narrated from travelers’ posts. The proposed analysis, presented and discussed along with real data, can be useful for stakeholders interested in the fields of policy-making, communication design, and territory profiling strategies.
The aim of this paper is to propose a method to transform semantic differential data into a network whose graph representation is interpreted as an empirical
network of adjectives
. The graph is ...constituted by the adjectives of the semantic differential task. Two adjectives are linked depending on the scoring assigned by a set of respondents. The proposed approach aims at using concepts and methods of Social Network Analysis to explore the network structure and study roles and positions of dominant adjectives. A simulation design has been realized to assess the stability of results under different conditions, i.e. in order to set the optimal threshold in presence of different data generator processes. A case study carried out on real data shows how the emerging network of adjectives can be effectively used to define the concept arising from a semantic differential task.
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